Mechanical blowers. Ndezvipi

Mukugadzirwa kwemotokari, mainjiniya haangofungi nezvekutanga kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, kutaridzika kwemazuva ano uye kuchengetedzwa kwekutanga. Nhasi, injini dzemoto dzemukati dzinoedza kuita zvishoma uye kuwana zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka. Kuunzwa kwemuchina supercharger ndeimwe yeidzo nzira - "kusvina" iyo yakanyanya, kunyangwe kubva kune diki 3-cylinder injini.

Chii chinonzi mechanical compressor, yakarongeka sei uye inoshanda, ndezvipi zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri - ngatitaurei pamusoro peizvi gare gare.

Chii chinonzi mechanical supercharger

Meya blower mudziyo unogombedzera kumanikidza mweya pasi pekumanikidza kukuru kuti uwedzere huremu hwemusanganiswa wemafuta-mweya. Iyo compressor inotyairwa nekutenderera kweye crankshaft pulley, sekutonga, chishandiso chinotaurika kuburikidza nebhandi. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kumanikidza kushandisa mega turbocharger inopa yakawedzera 30-50% yesimba rakatemwa (isina compressor).

Mashandiro anoita michina anoshanda sei

Kunyangwe iri mhando yerudzi rwekugadzira, vese vafuridzi vakagadzirirwa kumanikidza mweya. Iyo drive compressor inotanga kumhanya nekukurumidza painotanga mota. Iyo crankshaft, kuburikidza ne pulley, inoendesa torque kune iyo compressor, uye iyo, zvakare, nekutenderedza mashizha kana ma rotor, inomanikidza mweya wekutora, unomanikidza kuendesa kumagetsi einjini. Nenzira, iyo yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa yecompressor yakawanda zvakapfuura kupfuura kumhanya kwemukati injini yemagetsi crankshaft. Iko kumanikidza kunogadzirwa necompressor kunogona kuve kwemukati (kwakagadzirwa muchikamu pachayo) nekunze (kumanikidza kunogadzirwa mumutsetse wekubuda).

Zvokuimba pressurization mudziyo

Iyo yakajairwa blower drive system ine zvinotevera zvinhu:

• zvakananga iyo compressor;
• vharafu vharafu;
• yokunzvenga vharafu pamwe damper;
• Sefa yemhepo;
• kumanikidza Switch;
• inonwiwa yakawanda tembiricha sensor, uye yakakwana kumanikidza sensor.

Nenzira, kune ma compressors ane simba rekushanda risingapfuuri 0,5 bar, kuiswa kwe intercooler hakudiwi - zvakakwana kuvandudza mararamiro ekutonhora uye kupa inotonhora inopinza mukugadzira.

Iyo inovhuvhuta mweya inodzorwa neyakajairwa nzvimbo. Kana injini ichiita basa, pane mukana wekunyanyisa kudzvinyirira, izvo zvichakurumidza kutungamira mukusagadzikana kwecompressor, saka damper inopfuura inopihwa pano. Mimwe yemhepo iyi inoyerera ichidzokera kucompressor.

Kana iyo system yakashongedzerwa ne intercooler, ipapo dhigirii yekumanikidza kwemhepo ichave yakakwirira nekuda kwekuderera kwekushisa kwayo ne10-15 degrees. Iyo yakaderera tembiricha yemhepo yekupinda, zviri nani kupisa kunoitika, kuitika kwe detonation hakubatanidzwe, injini ichashanda zvakanyanya. 

Mechanical kumanikidza kutyaira mhando

Kwemakumi emakore ekushandisa mechanical compressor, vagadziri vemota vakashandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzekutyaira, dzinoti:

• yakananga dhiraivha - zvakananga kubva kune yakasimba kubatanidzwa ne crankshaft flange;
• bhandi. Rudzi rwakajairika. Mabhandi akasungwa, mabhandi akatsetseka uye mabhandi ane ribbed anogona kushandiswa. Iyo mota inoonekwa nekukurumidza bhandi kupfeka, pamwe nemukana wekutsvedza, kunyanya painjini inotonhora;
• ketani - yakafanana nebhanhire, asi ine kukanganisa kwekuwedzera ruzha;
• giya - kune zvakare ruzha rwakanyanya uye hukuru hukuru hwechimiro.

Centrifugal compressor

Mhando dzemakanika compressors

Rumwe nerumwe rwemhando dzevapepeti rine chivakwa cheumwe munhu chivakwa, uye kune matatu marudzi acho:

• centrifugal compressor. Mhando yakajairika, iyo inotaridzika chaizvo yakafanana neye exhaust gas turbocharger (snail). Inoshandisa impeller, iyo inotenderera inomhanya inosvika 60 rpm. Mhepo inopinda mukati mechikamu checompressor nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye yakaderera kudzvanywa, uye pakubuda mufananidzo unodzoserwa - mweya unopihwa kumacylinders pakumanikidza kwakanyanya, asi nekumhanya kwakaderera. Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, iyi mhando ye supercharger inoshandiswa pamwe chete ne turbocharger kudzivirira turbo lag. Pakumhanya kwakaderera uye mamiriro enguva pfupi, dhiraivha "snail" ichapa mweya wakamanikidzwa zvakatsiga;
• screw. Izvo zvakakosha zvimiro zvimiro zviviri zve conical screws (zvirukwa) zvakaiswa mukufanana. Mhepo, ichipinda mucompressor, inotanga ichipfuura nepakati pechikamu chakafara, zvino inomanikidzwa nekuda kwekutenderera kwemascrews maviri anotendeukira mukati. Ivo vanonyanya kuisirwa pamotokari dzinodhura, uye mutengo weiyo compressor pachayo yakakura - kuomarara kwekugadzira uye kugona kunobata;
• cam (Midzi). Iyo ndeimwe yekutanga mechina supercharger kuiswa pamotokari injini. Midzi mapara e rotors ane akaomesesa maficha chikamu. Panguva yekushanda, mweya unofamba pakati pemakamera uye madziro edzimba, nekudaro uchimanikidza. Iko kusakosha kukuru iko kuumbwa kwekumanikidza kwakanyanya, nekudaro dhizaini inopa yemagetsi clutch yekudzora iyo compressor, kana yevhavha yekupfuura.

Screw compressor

Mechanical compressors inogona kuwanikwa pamotokari kubva kune vanozivikanwa vagadziri: Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Cadillac nevamwe. Ivo vanoiswa pane akakwira-vhoriyamu mota, kana mumota diki tandem ine turbine inofambiswa negesi simba.

Compressor Midzi

Zvakanakira nekukanganisa kwema mechanical supercharger redunhu

Kana zviri zvakakanganisika:

• kutyaira iyo compressor nenzira yekutyaira kubva kune crankshaft, nokudaro iyo supercharger inobvisa chikamu chesimba, kunyange ichinyatso kuibhadhara;
• ruzha rukuru, kunyanya pakati nepakati kumhanya;
• pakudzvanywa kwezita pamusoro pe5 bar, zvinodikanwa kuti uchinje dhizaini yeinjini (isa mapistoni akasimba ane tsvimbo dzekubatanidza, kudzikisa chiyero chekumanikidza nekuisa gobvu rakasunga musoro gasket, kukanda chinotonhorera)
• yakashata mhando yeasina-akajairwa centrifugal compressors.

Pane zvakafanira:

• yakadzikama torque yatove kubva idle kumhanya;
• iko kugona kushandisa mota pasina kukosha kwekuwedzera injini pamusoro pevhareji;
• yakatsiga basa kumhanya kwazvo;
• zvine chekuita neturbocharger, iwo akafutisa anodhura uye ari nyore kuchengeta, uye hapana chikonzero chekugadzirisa patsva mafuta system yekupa mafuta ku compressor

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Mechanical blower inoshanda sei? Imba yekuvhuvhuta ine diffuser. Sezvo mhepo inotenderera, mweya unopinzwa mukati uye wakanangwa kune diffuser. Kubva ipapo, inopinda mugomba rinodya mweya uyu.

Chii chinonzi mechanic blower chakagadzirirwa uye chinoshanda sei? Iyi mechanical unit inodzvanya gasi pasina kuitonhodza. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhepo inoputika (dhizaini yekuunganidza gasi), inokwanisa kugadzira gasi rinomanikidza pamusoro pe15 kPa.

Mafuridziro erudzii aripo? Mafuridziro anonyanyozivikanwa ndeye centrifugal. Kune zvakare screw, cam uye rotary piston. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine zvaro zvega zvebasa uye kumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa.