Mercedes

Nhoroondo yeakakurumbira epasi rose mhando yakatanga kuvambwa kwayo semhedzisiro yekubatanidzwazve kwemakambani maviri eGerman. Tichitarisa zvishoma kumashure munhoroondo, muumbi weGermany Benz akapiwa mvumo yevana vake, iyo yakaunza mukurumbira wepasi rose uye yakaita shanduko muindasitiri yemotokari - motokari yekutanga ine simba repeturu. Mugore rimwe chetero, imwe purojekiti yakagadzirwa nemumwe injiniya weGerman, Gottlieb Daimler naWilhelm Maybach, iyi yaive chirongwa chekugadzira injini. Vagadziri vese vakagadzira makambani: Benz - ine zita rekuti Benz & Cie muna 1883 muMannheim, uye Daimler - ine zita rekutengeserana Daimler Motoren Gesellchaft (pfupiso DMG) muna 1890. Vose vakazvigadzira pamwe chete uye muna 1901, pasi pechigadzirwa chakasikwa "Mercedes", motokari yakabudiswa naDaimler. Chiratidzo chakakurumbira chakatumidzwa pakukumbira kwemuzvinabhizimusi akapfuma Emil Jellinek mukukudza zita remwanasikana wake, aive mumiriri weDMG muFrance. Uyu munhu aive investor mukambani, iyo yainyanya kuda kuverengerwa mubhodhi revatungamiriri, uye zvakare kuti awane kodzero yekutumira mota kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Mota yekutanga yaive inozivikanwa kwazvo Mercedes 35hp yakagadzirirwa mujaho. Motokari yaigona kusvika kumhanya kusvika 75 km / h, iyo yaionekwa sechinhu chinoshamisa mumakore iwayo, injini yechina-cylinder ine vhoriyamu ye5914 cubic metres. cm, uye uremu hwemuchina hauna kudarika 900 kg. Maybach akashanda pane chikamu chekugadzira chemuenzaniso. Imwe yemotokari dzekutanga dzakagadzirwa yaive mijaho uye yakagadzirwa naMaybach. Jellinek akadzora maitiro mukati nekunze. Yakanga iri yengano Mercedes Simplex 40px, iyo yaimhanya uye yakaita mukurumbira mukuru. Akafuridzirwa neizvi, Jellinek akazivisa noushingi kuti ndiko kwaiva kutanga kweMercedes nguva. Pfungwa yekusimudzira kwaMaybach, mushure mekubuda kwake mukambani, yakaramba ichiburitsa mota dzekumhanya kusvika Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye ichinzi ndiyo yakanakisa, ngatitorei mota kutanga mumakwikwi. 1926 yakaita budiriro kuburikidza nekurongwa patsva kwemafemu akavambwa nemainjiniya muDaimler-Benz AG. Mutungamiri wekutanga wekunetseka aive anozivikanwa Ferdinand Porsche. Nerubatsiro rwake, chirongwa chakatangwa naDaimler kugadzira compressor kuwedzera simba reinjini chakapedzwa. Idzo mota dzakaburitswa semubatanidzwa wemakambani maviri akanzi Mercedes-Benz mukuremekedza Karl Benz. Iyo kambani yakagadziridzwa nekumhanya kwemheni, uye kunze kwemota, zvikamu zvendege nezvikepe zvakagadzirwa. Mumwe mainjiniya akakosha akatora chinzvimbo kubva kuPorsche sezvo akafunga kusiya firm. Iyo kambani inotarisa pamotokari dzemujaho. Munguva yehudzvanyiriri, Mercedes aine swastika akatonga muGermany. Kambani iyi yakagadzirawo motokari dzehurumende dzemhando yepamusoro. Mercedes-Benz 630, iyi inoshandurwa, ndiyo yaiva motokari yekutanga yaHitler. Uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeReichstag dzaida "supercars" Mercedes-Benz 770K. Iyo femu yakashandawo pakurairwa kwechikwata chemauto, kunyanya mota dzemauto, ese marori nemota. Hondo yakasiya mucherechedzo mukuru pakugadzirwa, inenge ichikunda zvachose mafekitari, kuvakwazve kwakatora nguva yakawanda nesimba. Uye kare muna 1946, kukurumidza kwave kuchiwedzera simba nekuvandudzwa kwesimba uye compact sedans ine diki yekufambisa uye 38-horsepower simba zvikamu zvakasunungurwa. Elite-akavakwa nemaoko emhando yepamusoro limousine akatanga kugadzirwa kwavo mushure me50s. Limousine dzakadaro kazhinji dzakagadziridzwa. Kuendesa mota kune dzimwe nyika dzeUSSR kwaive 604 mota dzevapfuuri, marori makumi maviri uye mabhazi manomwe. Iyo kambani yakadzokororazve kudana kwepamusoro kwekuti indasitiri yemotokari yeJapan haina kana kukwanisa kutora kubva kuma80, ichingoitswinyira kunze pamusika. Iyo kambani yakagadzira zvese mugwagwa uye mota dzemitambo. Mercedes-Benz W196, semotokari yemitambo iyo yakawana mibairo yakawanda yemibairo, yakarega kuva mutungamiri wemujaho mushure mekutambudzika kwakabatana nekufa kwemujaho ane mukurumbira Pierre Levegh. Kupera kwema50s kunoratidzwa nekubudirira kwemamodheru akasarudzika ane rondedzero yezvinhu zvekugadzira muviri. Kunaka kwemitsara, nzvimbo yakakura yemukati uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonzi "fins" iyi mienzaniso, iyo yakakweretwa kubva kumotokari dzemakambani eAmerica. Yese vhoriyamu inogona kuburitswa kunyora ese mamodheru ekambani zvakadzama. Muna 1999, kambani yakawana kambani yekugadzirisa AMG. Uku kutora kwakatora chinzvimbo chakakura sezvo iyo femu yaishanda nemukurumbira mota dzemitambo. Iyo nguva yezana ramakore inoratidzirwa neiyo branching mumakirasi. Yakabatana tandem yaivepo kusvika 1998, yakadai nguva yekuvapo yaive yehukama chete musangano iri. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi, kambani inogadzira chigadzirwa chinogadzikana nharaunda chingangove chakakurumbira kwete chete nekuda kwekunyaradzwa, asiwo nekuchengetedza iyo ecology mune yepasirese, imwe yenyaya dzekutanga dzenyika yanhasi. Mercedes-Benz inoramba iri iyo inotungamira mhando muindasitiri yemotokari. Vavambi Kubva pane zviri pamusoro, tinogumisa kuti vatangi vekambani vaive "matatu einjiniya makuru": Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler naWilhelm Maybach. Funga muchidimbu nhoroondo dzehupenyu hweumwe neumwe zvakasiyana. Karl Benz akaberekwa November 25, 1844 mu Muhlburg mumhuri machinist. Kubva 1853 akadzidziswa patechnical lyceum, uye muna 1860 payunivhesiti yepolytechnic aine dhigirii muhunyanzvi mechanics. Apedza kudzidza, akawana basa pafekitari inogadzira michina yaakasiya nokukurumidza. Akazoshanda makore angangoita mashanu kumafekitori sainjiniya uye dhizaini. Muna 1871, pamwe chete neshamwari, akavhura musangano wake, achishandisa midziyo yesimbi. Benz aifarira zano remukati injini dzemoto, uye iri raive danho rakakura pabasa rake. 1878 yakaratidza kubvumirwa kwake kune injini yepetroli, uye 1882 yakagadzira pamwe-stock company Benz & Cie. Chinangwa chayo chepakutanga chaive kugadzirwa kwemagetsi epeturu. Benz yakagadzira motokari yake yekutanga ine mavhiri matatu ine injini yepeturu yenguva ina. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yakaratidzwa muna 1885 ndokuenda kukuratidzira muParis pasi pezita rokuti Motorvagen, uye muna 1888 kutengesa kwakanga kwatotanga. Kupfuurirazve, Benz yakagadzira dzimwe mota dzinoverengeka munguva pfupi. Muna 1897 akasika "contra engine", injini yakakurumbira, iyo yakanga ine hupamhi hwemasilinda maviri. Muna 1914, Benz yakapihwa honary doctorate neiyo technical University. 1926 Yakabatanidzwa neDMG. Muvambi akashaya musi waApril 4, 1929 muLadenburg. Muchirimo cha1834, musiki weDMG, Gottlieb Daimler, akaberekerwa muSchorndorf. Muna 1847, apedza chikoro, akagadzira zvombo nekugara mumusangano. Kubva muna 1857 akagamuchira dzidziso kuPolytechnic Institute. Muna 1863 akawana basa paBruderhouse, bhizinesi raipa basa kunherera nevakaremara. Apa ndipo paakasangana naWilhelm Maybach waakavhura naye kambani mune ramangwana. Muna 1869 akatanga kushanda pafekitari yekugadzira muchina, uye muna 1872 akatora zita remutungamiriri wehunyanzvi hwekugadzira injini dzinopisa mukati. Maybach, uyo akauya kuchirimwa zvishoma gare gare, akatora chinzvimbo chemugadziri mukuru. Muna 1880, mainjiniya ese ari maviri akasiya fekitori ndokusarudza kutamira kuStuttgart, uko kwakazvarwa pfungwa yekuvhura bhizinesi ravo. Uye pakupera kwa1885 vakagadzira injini uye vakagadzira carburetor. Pahwaro hweinjiniya, mudhudhudhu wakatanga kugadzirwa, uye zvishoma gare gare vashandi-mavhiri mana. 1889 yaizivikanwa nekugadzirwa kwemotokari yekutanga yakafanana chaizvo nengoro uye mugore rimwe chetero yakaratidza pakuratidzira kweParis. Muna 1890, nerubatsiro rwaMaybach, Daimler akaronga kambani yeDMG, iyo yakatanga nyanzvi mukugadzirwa kweinjini, asi muna 1891 Maybach akasiya kambani yakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwake, uye muna 1893 Daimler akasiya. Gottlieb Daimler akafa musi waKurume 6, 1900 muStuttgart aine makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Wilhelm Maybach akaberekwa munguva yechando muna 1846 muHeilbronn kumhuri yomuvezi. Amai nababa vakafa Maybach achiri mwana. Akaendeswa kune yaimbozivikanwa "Bruderhouse" yedzidzo, kwaakasangana nemumwe wake weramangwana. (Mubhuku rehupenyu riri pamusoro, pfungwa dzakakosha pamusoro peMaybach kubva kumusangano naDaimler dzakatotaurwa). Mushure mokubva kuDMG, Maybach, mushure mechinguva chiduku, akagadzira kambani yekugadzira injini, uye kubva muna 1919 akabudisa motokari pasi peMaybach brand yake. Injiniya mukuru akafa musi waDecember 29, 1929 ava nemakore makumi masere nematatu. Nokuda kweunyanzvi hwake hukuru uye kubudirira muinjiniya, akakudzwa se "mambo wekugadzira". Chiratidzo "Zvese zvine hungwaru zviri nyore" Iyi credo yakasiya chiratidzo muchiratidzo, umo maficha ekunaka uye minimalism akabatana. Iyo logo yeMercedes nyeredzi nhatu-inonongedza, inoratidza simba rese-rinotenderera. Pakutanga, logo yaive neimwe dhizaini. Pakati pa1902 na1909, chiratidzo chacho chaive nechinyorwa chine izwi rekuti Mercedes mune yakasviba ovha. Kupfuurirazve, iyo logo yakatora chimiro chemazuva ano chenyeredzi nhatu-yakatarwa ine ruvara rwegoridhe, yakatarisana nechena kumashure. Shure kwaizvozvo, chiratidzo chenyeredzi chakaramba chiripo, asi musiyano wakadzikira, kumashure chete kwayakawanikwa kwakachinja. Kubva 1933, iyo chiratidzo yakachinja zvishoma dhizaini yayo, yauya kune yakawanda laconic fomu uye minimalism. Kubva 1989, iyo nyeredzi uye pepa racho pachayo rinotenderedza rinova rakakura uye riine ruvara rwesirivheri, asi kubva muna 2010 huwandu hwenyeredzi hwakabviswa, grey-sirivheri chete chiyero chinosara. Nhoroondo yemotokari dzeMercedes-Benz Mota yekutanga yaive nenyeredzi ine nyeredzi nhatu yakapinda munyika muna 1901. Yaive mota yemitambo yeMercedes yakagadzirwa naMaybach. Iyo motokari yakanga ine nhamba yehutano hunokosha panguva iyoyo, injini yakanga ine masilinda mana, uye simba raiva 35 hp. Injini yaive pamberi pasi pehodhi ine radiotor, uye dhiraivha yaive nebhokisi regiya. Iyi modhi yemujaho yaive nezvigaro zviviri, izvo zvakakurumidza kuzviratidza zvakanyanya, zvichiva nemukurumbira pasi rese. Mushure mekusimudzira, motokari yakatora kukurumidza kusvika 75 km / h. Iyi modhi yakaisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kweakazotevera Mercedes Simplex modhi. Iyo serial "60PS" yakamira zvakanyanya neine simba unit ye9235 cc uye kumhanya kwe90 km / h. Hondo isati yasvika, nhamba huru yemotokari dzevatakuri dzakagadzirwa, Mercedes Knight yakakodzerwa nemukurumbira mukuru - yakasarudzika modhi yaive nemuviri wakavharwa zvachose uye isina valve isina simba unit. "2B / 95PS" - mumwe wedangwe mushure mehondo, ane 6-cylinder injini. Kubva 1924, yakasarudzika Mercedes-Benz Type 630 nhepfenyuro yakatangwa ne6-humburumbira injini uye yakawanikwa simba re140 hp. "Musungo werufu" kana mhando 24, 110, 160 PS, yakaona nyika muna 1926. Akagamuchira zita iri nekuda kwekukurumidza kwake kusvika 145 km / h, uye injini yaiva nhanhatu-cylinder 6240 cc. Muna 1928, Porsche paakasiya kambani, peya mbiri dzemotokari dzakaburitswa seMannheim 370 ine 6-cylinder injini uye vhoriyamu ye3.7 litres uye modhi ine simba zvishoma ine seine-humburumbira magetsi unit ane huwandu hwe4.9 litita, yaive Nurburg 500. Muna 1930, Mercedes-Benz 770 yakabva pamutsetse wegungano, yakanziwo "Mercedes huru" ine 200 horsepower 8-cylinder power unit. 1931 raive gore rinogadzira kugadzira mhando dzemota diki. modhi "Mercedes 1170" yakave nemukurumbira kune yayo ine simba injini ye6 cylinders uye 1692 cc uye kugadzirira mavhiri maviri epamberi nekumisa yakazvimirira. Uye muna 1933, tandem yemotokari inotakura "Mercedes 200" uye mujaho "Mercedes 380" ine injini dzine simba dze 2.0- uye 3.8 litita. Wokupedzisira muenzaniso akava mai pakusikwa "Mercedes 500K" muna 1934. Motokari iyi yaiva injini ye5 litita, iyo yaiva tateguru we "Mercedes-Benz 540K" muna 1936. Munguva ye1934-1936, "chiedza" modhi "Mercedes 130" yakasiya mutsara wegungano ine mana-cylinder 26-horsepower power unit, iyo yaive kumashure ine vhoriyamu yekushanda ye1308 cc. Motokari iyi yakateverwa neMercedes 170 ine sedan body. Imwe bhajeti vhezheni yeMercedes 170V ine ina-cylinder injini yakagadzirwa zvakare. Mota yekutanga yekugadzira ine injini yedhiziri yakaunzwa kusvika pakupera kwa1926, yaive yengano "Mercedes 260D". Muna 1946, Mercedes 170U, yakagadzirirwa hondo isati yatanga, yakatangwa, iyo yakakurumidza kuvandudzwa nejini yedhiziri mukugadzirisa kwemazuva ano. Yakawanawo mukurumbira "Mercedes 180" 1943 kusunungurwa ine chimiro chisina kujairika chemuviri. Pakati pemotokari dzemitambo paivewo nehuwandu hwekuwedzera: muna 1951 "Mercedes 300S" modhi yakaburitswa ine 6-cylinder injini uye yakashongedzerwa nepamusoro camshaft, pamwe neyakakurumbira "Mercedes 300SL" muna 1954, yakawana mukurumbira nekuda. kumugadzirirwo wemagonhi akaita sebapiro reshiri. 1955 yakaona kuburitswa kwebhajeti compact convertible "Mercedes 190SL" ine mana-cylinder simba unit uye inoyevedza dhizaini. Mienzaniso 220, 220S, 220SE yakagadzira mhuri yechidiki yekirasi yepakati uye yakagadzirwa muna 1959 uye iine simba rehunyanzvi. Kumiswa kwakazvimirira pamavhiri mana, kunaka kwemuviri nemwenje yakagadziridzwa uye saizi yekamuri yekutakura yakaita kuti nhevedzano iyi izivikanwe. 1963 yakabudisa Mercedes 600 model, iyo yaikwanisa kusvika pakumhanya kusvika 204 km / h. Pasuru yacho yaisanganisira injini yeV8 ine simba re250 hp, bhokisi rinomhanya mana. Muna 1968, yakasununguka yepakati-renji modhi W114 uye W115 dzakapihwa pasi rose. Muna 1972, S kirasi inoberekwa muchizvarwa chitsva. Yakagadzirwa W116, iyo inozivikanwa nekuve yekutanga anti-lock system, uye muna 1979 inotanga shanduko W126, yakagadzirwa naBruno Sacco. Iyo 460 akateedzana aive nemota dzisiri-dzemumugwagwa, yekutanga iyo yakaona nyika muna 1980. The debut rechimurenga mitambo motokari kwakaitika muna 1996 uye aiva kirasi SLK. Chimwe chinhu chemotokari, kuwedzera kune hunyanzvi hunhu, yaive yekupeta kumusoro, iyo yakadzoserwa mutrunk. Muna 1999, yakakurumbira zvigaro zviviri F 1 racing motokari yakaunzwa.