Metallic hydrogen inoshandura chiso chetekinoroji - kusvika yanyungudika

Mumafashiro ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, hapana simbi kana titanium kana alloys ezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinogadzirwa. Mumazuva ano madhaimani anvils ane simbi inopenya yaipenya izvo zvatichiri kuziva sezvisinganzwisisike zvegasi ...

Hydrogen patafura yeperiodic iri pamusoro peboka rekutanga, rinosanganisira simbi dzealkali chete, kureva, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium uye francium. Hazvishamisi kuti masayendisiti ave achinetseka kwenguva refu kana iyo, zvakare, ine chimiro chayo chesimbi. Muna 1935, Eugene Wigner naHilard Bell Huntington ndivo vaive vekutanga kupa zano rekuti hydrogen inogona kuita simbi. Muna 1996, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzeAmerica William Nellis, Arthur Mitchell, naSamuel Weir paLawrence Livermore National Laboratory vakashuma kuti hydrogen yakaitwa netsaona musimbi yesimbi vachishandisa pfuti yegesi. Muna Gumiguru 2016, Ranga Diaz naIsaac Silvera vakazivisa kuti vaive vabudirira kuwana metallic hydrogen pakumanikidzwa kwe495 GPa (inenge 5 × 10).⁶ atm) uye pakupisa kwe5,5 K mukamuri yedhaimani. Zvisinei, kuedza hakuna kudzokororwa nevanyori uye hakuna kuzvimiririra kusimbiswa. semugumisiro, chikamu chenharaunda yesainzi inobvunza mhedziso dzakarongwa.

Pane mazano ekuti metallic haidrojeni inogona kunge iri mumvura muchimiro pasi pesimba regiravhiti. mukati memapuraneti makuru egasisaJupiter uye Saturn.

Pakupera kwaNdira wegore rino, boka repurof. Isaac Silveri weHarvard University akataura kuti metallic hydrogen yakanga yagadzirwa mulabhu. Vakaisa sampuli kune kumanikidzwa kwe495 GPa mudhaimondi "anvils", mamorekuru ayo anoumba gasi H.₂ yakaparara, uye chimiro chesimbi chakaumbwa kubva kumaatomu ehydrogen. Maererano nevanyori vekuedza, chimiro chinoguma metastablezvinoreva kuti inoramba iine simbi kunyange mushure mekunge kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kwapera.

Mukuwedzera, maererano nemasayendisiti, metallic hydrogen yaizova high tembiricha superconductor. Muna 1968, Neil Ashcroft, nyanzvi yefizikisi paCornell University, akafanotaura kuti simbi yehydrogen yaigona kuita superconductive, kureva kuti, kufambisa magetsi pasina kurasikirwa nekupisa uye patembiricha iri pamusoro pe0°C. Izvi chete zvaizochengetedza chikamu chetatu chemagetsi anorasika nhasi mukutapurirwa uye nekuda kwekupisa kwemidziyo yese yemagetsi.

Pasi penguva dzose kumanikidzwa kwegasi, mvura uye yakasimba (hydrogen inodzika pa 20K uye inoomesa pa 14K) chinhu ichi hachifambisi magetsi nokuti maatomu ehaidhirojeni anosanganiswa kuita mamolecular pairs uye kuchinjana maerekitironi awo. Naizvozvo, hapana maerekitironi emahara akakwana, ayo musimbi anoumba bhendi rekufambisa uye ari anotakura zvino. Chete yakasimba compression haidrojeni kuitira kuparadza zvisungo pakati maatomu theoretically anobudisa maerekitironi uye kunoita hydrogen kondakita magetsi uye kunyange superconductor.

Hydrogen yakamanikidzwa kuita simbi pakati pemadhaimani

Chimiro chitsva chehydrogen chinogonawo kushanda rocket mafuta ane hunyanzvi hwekuita. “Zvinotora simba rakawanda kugadzira hydrogen yesimbi,” anotsanangura kudaro purofesa. Sirivha. "Apo iyi fomu yehydrogen inoshandurwa kuita gasi remolecular, simba rakawanda rinobudiswa, zvichiita kuti ive injini yeroketi ine simba zvikuru inozivikanwa nevanhu."

Mafungiro chaiwo einjini inomhanya pamafuta aya ichava masekonzi 1700. Parizvino, hydrogen neokisijeni zvinowanzoshandiswa, uye mafungiro chaiwo einjini dzakadaro 450 seconds. Sekureva kwemusayendisiti, mafuta matsva anozotendera kuti chitundumuseremusere chedu chisvike pakutenderera neroketi-chikamu chimwe chine mubhadharo wakakura uye wochibvumira kusvika kune mamwe mapuraneti.

Zvakare, metallic hydrogen superconductor inoshanda pakupisa kwekamuri yaizoita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka masisitimu ekufambisa anomhanya-mhanya uchishandisa magineti levitation, yaizowedzera kugona kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye kugona kwemidziyo yakawanda yemagetsi. Pachavawo neshanduko mumusika wekuchengetedza simba. Sezvo superconductors ine zero resistance, zvingave zvichibvira kuchengetedza simba mumasekete emagetsi apo inotenderera kusvikira ichidiwa.

Ngwarira nechido ichi

Nekudaro, tarisiro inopenya iyi haina kunyatso kujeka, sezvo masayendisiti haasati aona kuti metallic hydrogen yakagadzikana pasi pemamiriro akajairika ekumanikidza uye tembiricha. Vamiriri venharaunda yesainzi, avo vakasvikirwa nevezvenhau kuti vataure, vanokahadzika kana, zvakanyanya, vakachengetwa. Chimiro chinonyanyozivikanwa ndechekudzokorora kuedza, nokuti imwe inofungidzirwa kubudirira ndeye ... kungofungidzira kubudirira.

Parizvino, chidimbu chidiki chesimbi chinogona kungoonekwa kuseri kwemadhaimondi maviri ambotaurwa, ayo akashandiswa kumanikidza mvura yehydrogen patembiricha iri pasi pechando. Ndiko kufanotaura kwaProf. Silvera nevamwe vake vachanyatsoshanda here? Ngationei munguva pfupi iri kutevera kuti vanoedza vanoronga sei kuderedza zvishoma nezvishoma kudzvinyirira uye kuwedzera tembiricha yemuenzaniso kuti vazive. Uye mukuita izvi, vanovimba kuti haidhirojeni…