Mapfuti ane chinangwa chakanaka muhurwere

Isu tiri kutsvaga mushonga unoshanda uye wekudzivirira weiyo coronavirus uye hutachiona hwayo. Parizvino, hatina mishonga ine humbowo hunobudirira. Nekudaro, kune imwe nzira yekurwisa zvirwere, zvine hukama nenyika yetekinoroji pane biology uye mushonga ...

Muna 1998, i.e. panguva iyo muongorori weAmerica, Kevin Tracy (1), akaita ongororo yake pamakonzo, hapana kubatana kwakaonekwa pakati pevagus nerve uye immune system mumuviri. Kusanganiswa kwakadaro kwainzi kunenge kusingabviri.

Asi Tracy aiva nechokwadi chokuvapo. Akabatanidza ruoko rwakabatwa nemagetsi impulse stimulator kutsinga yemhuka ndokuibata nekudzokorora "pfuti". Akazopa gonzo TNF (tumor necrosis factor), protein ine chekuita nekuzvimba mumhuka nevanhu. Mhuka iyi yaifanirwa kunge ichazvimba mukati meawa imwe chete, asi payakaongororwa zvakaonekwa kuti TNF yakanga yavharwa nechikamu che75%.

Zvakazoitika kuti tsinga dzakaita seyekombuta terminal, iyo yaunogona kudzivirira nayo hutachiona isati yatanga, kana kumisa kukura kwayo.

Magadzirirwo emagetsi akanyatsorongwa anokanganisa hurongwa hwetsinga anogona kutsiva mhedzisiro yemishonga inodhura iyo isina hanya nehutano hwemurwere.

Body remote control

Kuwanikwa uku kwakavhura bazi idzva rinonzi bioelectronics, iyo iri kutsvaga mamwe uye madiki madiki ekugadzirisa ekugadzirisa muviri kuitira kumutsa mhinduro dzakanyatsorongwa. Unyanzvi huchiri kutanga. Mukuwedzera, kune kunetseka kwakanyanya pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Nekudaro, zvichienzaniswa nemishonga, ine mabhenefiti makuru.

Muna Chivabvu 2014, Tracy akaudza New York Times kuti bioelectronic technologies inogona kubudirira kutsiva indasitiri yemishonga ndokuzvidzokorora kakawanda mumakore achangopfuura.

Kambani yaakavamba, SetPoint Medical (2), yakatanga kushandisa mushonga mutsva kuboka revazvipiri gumi nevaviri kubva kuBosnia neHerzegovina makore maviri apfuura. Tiny vagus nerve stimulators iyo inoburitsa masaini emagetsi yakaiswa mumitsipa yavo. Muvanhu vasere, muedzo wacho wakabudirira - kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwakaderera, chiyero chepro-inflammatory proteins chakadzokera kune chekare, uye, chinonyanya kukosha, nzira itsva haina kukonzera migumisiro yakakomba. Yakaderedza mwero weTNF ne80%, pasina kuibvisa zvachose, sezvakaita pharmacotherapy.

2. Bioelectronic chip SetPoint Medical

Mushure memakore ekutsvagisa marabhoritari, muna 2011, SetPoint Medical, yakasimwa mari nekambani yemishonga GlaxoSmithKline, yakatanga kuyedzwa kwekiriniki yetsinga-inosimudzira implants kurwisa chirwere. Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevarwere vari muchidzidzo avo vakadyarwa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura 19 cm mumutsipa wakabatanidzwa kune vagus nerve vakawana kuvandudzwa, kuderedza marwadzo uye kuzvimba. Masayendisiti anoti ichi chingori mavambo, uye vane hurongwa hwekuvarapa kuburikidza nemagetsi ekusimudzira zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita seasthma, diabetes, pfari, kushaya mbereko, kufutisa kana gomarara. Ehe, zvakare hutachiona hwakaita seCCIDID-XNUMX.

Sepfungwa, bioelectronics iri nyore. Muchidimbu, inotumira masaini kuhurongwa hwetsinga hunoudza muviri kuti udzoke.

Nekudaro, senguva dzose, dambudziko riri mune zvakadzama, senge dudziro chaiyo uye shanduro yemutauro wemagetsi wenheyo system. Chengetedzo imwe nyaya. Mushure mezvose, isu tiri kutaura nezvemidziyo yemagetsi yakabatana isina waya kune network (3), zvinoreva -.

Sezvaanotaura Anand Raghunathan, purofesa wemagetsi nekombiyuta engineering paYunivhesiti yePurdue, bioelectronics "inondipa kureba kwemuviri wemunhu." Uyuwo muedzo wakakomba. miniaturization, kusanganisira nzira dzekubatanidza nemanetiweki emaneuroni ayo anobvumira kuwana huwandu hwakakodzera hwe data.

Source 3Brain implants dzinotaurirana pasina waya

Bioelectronics haifanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nayo biocybernetics (kureva, biological cybernetics), kana nebionics (yakasimuka kubva kubiocybernetics). Aya ndiwo maitiro esainzi akasiyana. Chirevo chavo chakafanana chinoreva ruzivo rwebhayoloji nehunyanzvi.

Makakatanwa pamusoro pemavhairasi akanaka optically activated

Nhasi, masayendisiti ari kugadzira ma implants anogona kutaurirana zvakananga nehurongwa hwetsinga mukuyedza kurwisa matambudziko akasiyana ehutano, kubva kugomarara kusvika kune chikosoro.

Dai vaongorori vakabudirira uye bioelectronics yakapararira, mamirioni avanhu rimwe zuva aigona kufamba nemakomputa akabatana nehurongwa hwavo hwetsinga.

Munzvimbo yezviroto, asi zvisingaite zvachose, kune, semuenzaniso, yekutanga yambiro masisitimu ayo, achishandisa masaini emagetsi, anoona pakarepo "kushanya" kweiyo coronavirus mumuviri uye zvakananga zvombo (pharmacological kana kunyange nanoelectronic) pairi. . aggressor kusvika yarwisa hurongwa hwese.

Vatsvakurudzi vari kunetseka kuwana nzira inonzwisisa zviratidzo kubva kumazana ezviuru zveeuroni panguva imwe chete. Kunyoresa chaiko uye kuongorora kwakakosha kune bioelectronicskuitira kuti masayendisiti aone kusawirirana pakati pezviratidzo zvekutanga zveneural muvanhu vane hutano uye zviratidzo zvinogadzirwa nemunhu ane chimwe chirwere.

Maitiro echinyakare ekurekodha neural masaini ndeye kushandisa diki probes ine maelectrodes mukati, anonzi. Muongorori wegomarara reprostate, semuenzaniso, anogona kubatanidza zvisungo kune nerve yakabatana neprostate mune ine hutano mbeva uye kurekodha chiitiko. Zvimwe chetezvo zvaigona kuitwa nechisikwa chine prostate yakagadziridzwa magene kuti ibudise mapundu akaipa. Kuenzanisa iyo mbishi data yenzira mbiri idzi kunozoona kuti akasiyana sei masaini etsinga mumakonzo ane cancer. Zvichienderana nedata rakadaro, chiratidzo chekugadzirisa chinogona kugadziridzwa kuita bioelectronic mudziyo wekurapa cancer.

Asi vane zvazvakaipira. Ivo vanogona chete kusarudza sero rimwe panguva, saka havaunganidze data rakakwana kuti vaone mufananidzo mukuru. Sezvaanotaura Adam E. Cohen, purofesa wechemistry uye physics paHarvard, "zvakafanana nekuedza kuona opera kuburikidza nehuswa."

Cohen, nyanzvi mune imwe nzvimbo inokura inonzi optogenetics, inotenda kuti inogona kukunda miganhu yezvigamba zvekunze. Tsvagiridzo yake inoedza kushandisa optogenetics kutsanangura mutauro weneural wechirwere. Dambudziko nderekuti chiitiko cheneural hachibvi mumanzwi emunhu mumwe nemumwe, asi kubva kune yakazara orchestra yavo vachiita zvinoenderana kune mumwe nemumwe. Kuona mumwe nemumwe hakukupi maonero akazara.

Optogenetics yakatanga mu90s apo masayendisiti aiziva kuti mapuroteni anonzi opsins mubhakitiriya uye algae anogadzira magetsi kana akaiswa muchiedza. Optogenetics inoshandisa nzira iyi.

Iwo ma<em>opsin majini anoiswa muDNA yeutachiona husingakuvadzi, hunozoiswa jekiseni muuropi hwomunhu wacho kana kuti tsinga dzeparutivi. Nekushandura genetic kutevedzana kwehutachiona, vaongorori vanonangidzira chaiwo ma neuron, akadai seaya ane mhosva yekunzwa kutonhora kana kurwadziwa, kana nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinozivikanwa kuve dzakakonzeresa zvimwe zviito kana maitiro.

Zvadaro, optical fiber inoiswa kuburikidza neganda kana dehenya, iyo inotumira chiedza kubva kumucheto wayo kunzvimbo iyo hutachiona huripo. Chiedza chinobva kune optical fiber chinoita kuti opsin ishande, iyo inoitisa magetsi emagetsi anoita kuti neuron "ivheneke" (4). Saka, masayendisiti anogona kudzora maitiro emuviri wemakonzo, zvichikonzera kurara uye hutsinye pakuraira.

4. Neuron inodzorwa nechiedza

Asi tisati tashandisa opsins uye optogenetics kumisa neurons inobatanidzwa mune zvimwe zvirwere, masayendisiti haafanire kuona chete kuti ndeapi neuroni anokonzera chirwere, asiwo kuti chirwere chinopindirana sei nehurongwa hwetsinga.

Semakomputa, tsinga dzinotaura mutauro wemabhinari, neduramazwi rakavakirwa pakuti chiratidzo chavo chakabatidzwa kana kuti chakavharwa. Kurongeka, nguva dzenguva uye kusimba kweshanduko idzi zvinotaridza nzira yekufambiswa kwemashoko. Zvisinei, kana hosha ichigona kurangarirwa kuva inotaura mutauro wayo imene, muturikiri anodiwa.

Cohen nevamwe vake vakafunga kuti optogenetics yaigona kuzvibata. Saka ivo vakagadzira maitiro kumashure - pachinzvimbo chekushandisa mwenje kumutsa neurons, vanoshandisa mwenje kurekodha basa ravo.

Opsins inogona kuve nzira yekurapa marudzi ese ezvirwere, asi masayendisiti angangoda kugadzira bioelectronic zvishandiso zvisingazvishandise. Kushandiswa kwemavhairasi ane genetically modified kuchava kusatenderwa kune zviremera uye nzanga. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo nzira ye opsin yakavakirwa pajene therapy, iyo isati yawana budiriro inogutsa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa, inodhura zvakanyanya uye inoratidzika kunge inotakura njodzi dzakakomba dzehutano.

Cohen anotaura dzimwe nzira mbiri. Imwe yacho inosanganiswa nemamorekuru anoita senge opsins. Yechipiri inoshandisa RNA kuti ishandurwe kuita opsin-yakafanana neprotein nekuti haichinji DNA, saka hapana njodzi dzekurapa majini. Asi dambudziko guru kupa chiedza munzvimbo. Kune magadzirirwo ehuropi anodyara ane yakabatanidzwa laser, asi Cohen, semuenzaniso, anoona zvakakodzera kushandisa kunze kwemwenje masosi.

Nekufamba kwenguva, bioelectronics (5) inovimbisa mhinduro yakazara kumatambudziko ese ehutano akatarisana nevanhu. Iyi inzvimbo yekuyedza zvakanyanya panguva ino.

Zvisinei, pasina mubvunzo inofadza zvikuru.