international space station
Sergei Krikalov akatumidzwa zita rekuti "mugari wekupedzisira weUSSR" nekuti muna 1991-1992 akapedza mazuva 311, maawa makumi maviri neminiti imwe ari muMir space station. Akadzokera kuNyika mushure mekuparara kweSoviet Union. Kubva ipapo, anga achienda kuInternational Space Station kaviri. Ichi chinhu (International Space Station, ISS) ndiyo yekutanga manned space structure yakagadzirwa nekutora chikamu kwevamiriri venyika dzakawanda.
international space station mhedzisiro yemusanganiswa wemapurojekiti ekugadzira iyo Russian Mir-2 chiteshi, iyo American Rusununguko neEuropean Columbus, izvo zvekutanga zvinhu zvakatangwa muPasi orbit muna 1998, uye makore maviri gare gare boka rekutanga rechigarire rakaonekwa ipapo. Zvishandiso, vanhu, midziyo yekutsvagisa uye zvinhu zvinounzwa kuchiteshi neRussia Soyuz uye Progress spacecraft, pamwe neAmerican shuttles.
Muna 2011 kekupedzisira shuttles dzichabhururuka dzichienda kuISS. Ivo zvakare havana kubhururuka ikoko kweanopfuura makore maviri kana matatu mushure mekuparara kweColumbia shuttle. VeAmerica vaidawo kumisa mari yeprojekti iyi kubva pamakore matatu. Mutungamiri mutsva (B. Obama) akadzora sarudzo dzeakamutangira uye akave nechokwadi chekuti panosvika 3 International Space Station yawana mari yeUS.
Parizvino ine gumi nemana mamodules makuru (pakupedzisira pachave negumi nematanhatu) uye inobvumira nhengo nhanhatu dzechigarire kuti dzivepo panguva imwe chete (vatatu kusvika 14). Inofambiswa nemasolar arrays akakura zvakakwana (ichiratidza chiedza chezuva chakawanda) zvekuti anooneka kubva kuNyika sechinhu chinofamba mudenga (pa perigee pa 16% illumination) nekupenya kunosvika -2009 [100] kana -5,1 [1] magnitude.
Vashandi vekutanga venguva dzose vaiva: William Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko naSergei Krikalov. Vakanga vari paISS kwemazuva 136 maawa gumi nemasere 18 maminetsi.
Shepherd akanyoresa seNASA astronaut muna 1984. Kudzidziswa kwake kwekare kweNavy SEAL kwakaratidza kubatsira zvakanyanya kuNASA panguva ye1986 Challenger shuttle yekununura mishoni. William Shepherd akatora chikamu semazvikokota pamisheni mitatu yeshuttle: iyo STS-27 mishoni muna 1988, iyo STS-41 mishoni muna 1990, uye STS-52 mishoni muna 1992. Muna 1993, Shepherd akagadzwa kuti ashandise International Space Station (ISS). ) chirongwa. Pamwe chete, akapedza mazuva 159 ari muchadenga.
Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalov akanga ari kaviri muchikwata chechigarire cheMir station, uyewo kaviri muchikwata chekusingaperi cheISS. Akatora chikamu mundege dzeAmerican shuttles katatu. Kasere akapinda muchadenga. Ane rekodhi yenguva yose yakashandiswa muchadenga. Pamwe chete, akapedza mazuva 803 maawa 9 maminitsi 39 ari muchadenga.
Yuri Pavlov Gidzenko akatanga kubhururuka mudenga muna 1995. Mukati merwendo, vakabuda munzvimbo yakashama kaviri. Pakazara, akapedza maawa matatu nemaminitsi makumi mana nematatu ari kunze kwechikepe. Muna Chivabvu 3, akabhururuka mudenga kechitatu uye kechipiri kuenda kuMSC. Pamwe chete, akanga ari muchadenga kwemazuva 43 2002 awa 320 maminitsi 1 seconds.
