Ngano pamusoro pema microchips anodyarwa. Munyika yekurangana nemadhimoni

Ngano yakakurumbira yekurangana kwedenda yaive yekuti Bill Gates (1) anga achironga kwemakore kuti ashandise anodyarwa kana kubaiwa majekiseni kurwisa denda iri, raaifunga kuti ndiye akazvisikira chinangwa ichi. Zvese izvi kuti zvitore kutonga kwevanhu, kuitisa kuongorora, uye mune dzimwe shanduro kunyange kuuraya vanhu kure.

Kurangana theorists dzimwe nguva vakawana mishumo yechinyakare kubva kune tekinoroji masaiti nezve mapurojekiti. machipisi madiki ekurapa kana nezve "quantum dots", iyo yaifanirwa kunge iri "humbowo huri pachena" hwezvavaida kurangana kuisa michina yekutevera pasi peganda revanhu uye, maererano nemimwe mishumo, kunyange kutonga vanhu. Inowanikwawo mune zvimwe zvinyorwa mumagazini ino micro chip nekuvhura magedhi mumahofisi kana kubvumira kambani kuti imhanye mugadziri wekofi kana kopi, akararama maererano nengano yevatema ye "zvishandiso zvekugara uchitariswa kwevashandi nemushandirwi."

Hazvishande zvakadaro

Muchokwadi, iyi ngano yese nezve "chipping" yakavakirwa pane zvisiri izvo pamusoro payo. kushanda kwe microchip tekinorojiiyo iripo parizvino. Kwakabva ngano idzi kunogona kurondwa kumashure kumabhaisikopo kana mabhuku enganonyorwa dzesainzi. Hachinei nechokuita nechokwadi.

Iyo tekinoroji inoshandiswa mu kudyara zvinopihwa kuvashandi vemakambani atinonyora nezvawo hazvina kusiyana nemakiyi emagetsi uye zviziviso izvo vashandi vazhinji vanopfeka pamitsipa yavo kwenguva yakareba. Yakafanana zvakare ne kushandiswa kwemichina mumakadhi ekubhadhara (2) kana mukutakura veruzhinji (proximal validators). Izvi zvigadziriso zvekushandisa uye hazvina mabhatiri, nezvimwe zvinozivikanwa kunze senge pacemaker. Ivo zvakare vanoshaya mabasa eiyo geolocation, GPS, inotakurwa nemabhiriyoni evanhu pasina kuchengetwa kwakakosha, mafoni.

2. Chip kubhadhara kadhi

Mumafirimu, tinowanzoona kuti, semuenzaniso, mapurisa anogara achiona kufamba kwetsotsi kana munhu anofungidzirwa pahwindo ravo. Nemamiriro azvino tekinoroji, zvinogoneka kana mumwe munhu akagovera yavo WhatsApp. Chigadzirwa cheGPS hachishande nenzira iyoyo. Inoratidza nzvimbo munguva chaiyo, asi nguva nenguva 10 kana 30 masekonzi. Uye zvichingodaro chero mudziyo une simba sosi. Implantable microchips haina yavo inozvimiririra magetsi sosi. Kazhinji, magetsi emagetsi ndeimwe yezvinetso zvikuru uye zvisingakwanisi zveiyi munda we teknolojia.

Kunze kwesimba rekupa, saizi yeantenna ndeyekugumira, kunyanya kana zvasvika kune yekushanda renji. Nemasikirwo ezvinhu chaiwo, "tsanga dzomupunga" (3), iduku-duku, dzinowanzoratidzwa muzviratidzo zverima, dzine tunyanga tuduku. Ndizvo zvazvaizoita chiratidzo chekufambisa iyo inowanzo shanda, iyo chip inofanirwa kunge iri padyo nemuverengi, muzviitiko zvakawanda inofanirwa kuibata panyama.

Iwo makadhi ekuwana atinowanzo kutakura nesu, pamwe nemakadhi ekubhadhara chip, anoshanda zvakanyanya nekuti akakura muhukuru, saka anogona kushandisa antenna yakakura kwazvo, inovabvumira kushanda kure kure nemuverengi. Asi kunyangwe nemaantenna makuru aya, huwandu hwekuverenga hupfupi.

3. Microchip yekuisa pasi peganda

Kuti mushandirwi atarise nzvimbo yemushandisi muhofisi uye zvese zvaanoita, sekufunga kwevanorangana, anozoda. nhamba huru yevaverengiizvi zvinotofanira kuvhara yese square centimita yehofisi. Tichadawo edu e.g. ruoko ne microchip yakaiswa swedera kumadziro nguva dzese, zviri nani uchiri kuabata, kuitira kuti microprocessor inogona kugara "ping". Zvingave zviri nyore kwavari kuwana kadhi rako rekushandisa rekushandisa kana kiyi, asi kunyangwe izvo hazvigone kupihwa iwo aripo ekuverenga renji.

Kana hofisi ichida kuti mushandi atarise pavakapinda nekubuda mukamuri yega yega muhofisi, uye chitupa chavo chakabatana navo ivo pachavo, uye mumwe munhu akaongorora data iri, vaigona kuona kuti mushandi apinda mumakamuri api. Asi hazvibviri kuti mushandirwi angada kubhadhara mhinduro inomuudza mafambiro anoita vanhu vanoshanda muhofisi. Chaizvoizvo, nei achida data rakadaro. Zvakanaka, kunze kwekuti angada kuita tsvakiridzo kuti agadzirise zvirinani marongerwo emakamuri uye vashandi muhofisi, asi izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinodiwa.

Iri kuwanikwa pamusika Ma microchips anodyarwa haana masensaiyo inogona kuyera chero zvipimo, hutano kana chimwewo chinhu, kuitira kuti zvigone kushandiswa kugumisa kana iwe uri kushanda kana kuita chimwe chinhu. Kune yakawanda ye nanotechnology yekutsvagisa yezvokurapa yekugadzira madiki sensors ekuongorora nekurapa zvirwere, sekutarisa glucose muchirwere cheshuga, asi ivo, semhinduro dzakawanda dzakafanana uye zvinopfekwa, vanogadzirisa matambudziko ambotaurwa.

Zvese zvinogona kubiwa, asi kuiswa kunoshandura chimwe chinhu pano?

Zvakanyanya kuitika nhasi passive chip nzira, inoshandiswa mu Internet yezvinhu, makadhi ekuwana, ID tag, kubhadhara, RFID uye NFC. Ose ari maviri anowanikwa mumamicrochip akaiswa pasi peganda.

RFID RFID inoshandisa masaisai eredhiyo kuendesa data uye simba iyo yemagetsi sisitimu inoumba iyo tag yechinhu, muverengi kuona chinhu. Iyi nzira inokubvumira kuti uverenge uye dzimwe nguva unyore kuRFID system. Zvichienderana nedhizaini, zvinokutendera kuti uverenge mavara kubva kure kusvika akati wandei emakumi emasentimita kana akati wandei mamita kubva kune muverengi antenna.

Kushanda kweiyo system kunotevera: muverengi anoshandisa antenna inotumira kugadzira iyo electromagnetic wave, yakafanana kana yechipiri antenna inogamuchira. mafungu emagetsiizvo zvinobva zvasefa uye kudhindwa kuti uverenge mhinduro dzemaki.

Passive tags havana simba ravo pachavo. Kuve mumunda wemagetsi weiyo resonant frequency, ivo vanounganidza iyo yakagamuchirwa simba mune capacitor iri mukugadzirwa kweiyo tag. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa frequency ndeye 125 kHz, iyo inobvumira kuverenga kubva kure isingadariki 0,5 m. Zvimwe zvakaomarara masisitimu, senge kurekodha uye kuverenga ruzivo, anoshanda pa frequency ye 13,56 MHz uye inopa huwandu hwemita imwe kusvika kumamita akati wandei. . . Mamwe ma frequency ekushanda - 868, 956 MHz, 2,4 GHz, 5,8 GHz - inopa huwandu hunosvika 3 uye kunyange 6 metres.

RFID tekinoroji inoshandiswa kumaka zvinhu zvakatakurwa, mikwende yemhepo uye zvinhu muzvitoro. Inoshandiswa kucheka mhuka dzinovaraidza. Vazhinji vedu tinotakura zuva rese muchikwama chedu mumakadhi ekubhadhara uye makadhi ekuwana. Nharembozha zhinji dzemazuva ano dzine RFID, pamwe nemhando dzese dzemakadhi asingabatike, mapasi ezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji uye mapasipoti emagetsi.

Kukurukurirana kwenguva pfupi, NFC (Near Field Communication) iredhiyo yekukurukurirana chiyero inobvumira kutaurirana pasina waya pamusoro pechinhambwe chinosvika makumi maviri masendimita. Iyi tekinoroji ndeyekuwedzera kuri nyore kweiyo ISO/IEC 20 yekubata isina kadhi chiyero. NFC zvishandiso inokwanisa kutaurirana nemidziyo iripo yeISO/IEC 14443 (makadhi nevaverengi) pamwe nemimwe midziyo yeNFC. NFC inonyanya kuitirwa kushandiswa munharembozha.

Iyo NFC frequency ndeye 13,56 MHz ± 7 kHz uye bandwidth i106, 212, 424 kana 848 kbps. NFC inoshanda nekumhanya zvishoma pane Bluetooth uye ine ipfupi renji, asi inoshandisa simba shoma uye haidi pairing. NeNFC, pachinzvimbo chekumisikidza nemaoko chiziviso chemudziyo, chinongedzo pakati pemidziyo miviri chinogadzika otomatiki pasingasviki sekondi.

Passive NFC modhi kutanga mudziyo unogadzira munda wemagetsi, uye chinonangwa mudziyo chinopindura ne modulating iyi ndima. Mune iyi modhi, mudziyo wakanangwa unopihwa simba nemagetsi emumunda simba rekutanga mudziyo, kuitira kuti chinonangwa chishandiso chiite se transponder. Mune inoshanda modhi, ese ari maviri ekutanga uye akananga zvishandiso zvinotaurirana, zvichigadzira masaini eumwe neumwe. Chishandiso chinodzima nzvimbo yayo yemagetsi uchimirira data. Mune iyi modhi, zvese zvishandiso zvinowanzoda simba. NFC inoenderana neiripo passive RFID zvivakwa.

RFID uye zvechokwadi NFCsenge chero tekinoroji yakavakirwa pakufambisa uye kuchengetedza data inogona kubiwa. Mark Gasson, mumwe wevatsvakurudzi paChikoro cheSystems Engineering paYunivhesiti yeKuverenga, akaratidza kuti maitiro akadaro haana kudzivirirwa kune malware.

Muna 2009, Gasson akaisa RFID tag muruoko rwake rworuboshwe.uye kwapera gore akaigadzirisa kuti ive inotakurika Utachiona hwekombiyuta. Kuedza kwaisanganisira kutumira kero yewebhu pakombuta yakabatana nemuverengi, izvo zvakaita kuti malware atorwe. Naizvozvo RFID tag inogona kushandiswa semudziyo wekurwisa. Nekudaro, chero chishandiso, sezvatinonyatsoziva, chinogona kuve chishandiso chakadaro mumaoko evanobira. Musiyano wepfungwa neakaisirwa chip ndewekuti zvakanyanya kuoma kubvisa kana iri pasi peganda.

Mubvunzo unoramba uripo pamusoro pechinangwa chekubira kwakadaro. Kunyange zvichifungidzirwa kuti mumwe munhu, semuenzaniso, angade kuwana kopi isiri pamutemo yekambani yekuwana chiratidzo nekubira chip, uye nekudaro kuwana nzvimbo uye michina mukambani, zvakaoma kuona mutsauko weiyo yakaipa. kana chip ichi chaiswa. Asi ngative vakatendeseka. Anorwisa anogona kuita zvimwe chete nekadhi rekupinda, mapassword, kana imwe nzira yekuzivikanwa, saka iyo chip yakasimwa haina basa. Iwe unogona kutotaura kuti iyi inhanho kumusoro maererano nekuchengeteka, nokuti haugoni kurasikirwa uye pane kuba.

Kuverenga pfungwa? Majee emahara

Ngatienderere mberi kunzvimbo yenganonyorwa yakabatana nayo uropi i kudyara based BCI interfaceyatinonyora nezvayo mune chimwe chinyorwa munyaya ino yeMT. Zvichida zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti hapana kana mumwe chete anozivikanwa kwatiri nhasi machipisi ehuropiSomuenzaniso. ma electrode ari pamota cortex kumisa kufamba kwenhengo dzeprosthetic, havagone kuverenga zviri mukati mepfungwa uye havagone kuwana manzwiro. Uyezve, zvinopesana nezvaungave wakaverenga muzvinyorwa zvinotemesa musoro, nyanzvi dzezveuropiyo hadzisati dzanzwisisa kuti pfungwa, manzwiro, uye vavariro zvakavharirwa sei muchimiro chetsinga dzetsinga dzinoyerera nemuneural circuits.

Zvanhasi BCI zvishandiso vanoshanda pamusimboti wekuongorora data, yakafanana nealgorithm inofanotaura muchitoro cheAmazon icho CD kana bhuku ratinoda kutenga rinotevera. Makomputa anotarisisa mafambiro emagetsi anotambirwa kuburikidza nekuiswa muuropi kana padhi ye electrode inobviswa anodzidza kuziva kuti maitiro echiito ichocho anochinja sei kana munhu aita chaanoda kufamba nemakumbo. Asi kunyangwe zvazvo mamicroelectrodes achigona kusungirirwa kune imwe neuron, nyanzvi dzezveuropiyo hadzigone kutsanangura kuita kwayo sekunge ikodhi yekombuta.

Ivo vanofanirwa kushandisa muchina kudzidza kuziva mapatani mune yemagetsi chiitiko cheneuroni inoenderana nemaitiro emhinduro. Aya marudzi eBCI anoshanda pamusimboti wekubatanidza, unogona kufananidzwa nekutsikirira clutch mumotokari zvichibva pane inonzwika injini ruzha. Uye sezvinongoita vatyairi vemotokari dzemujaho vachigona kushandura magiya nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, nzira yekubatanidza yekubatanidza murume nemuchina inogona kushanda zvakanyanya. Asi zvirokwazvo hazvishande ne "kuverenga zviri mukati mepfungwa dzako".

4. Smartphone senzira yekuongorora

BCI zvishandiso hazvisi chete fancy technology. Uropi pachahwo hunoita basa guru. Kuburikidza nemaitiro akareba ekuedza nekukanganisa, uropi neimwe nzira inopihwa mubairo nekuona mhinduro yakatarisirwa, uye nekufamba kwenguva inodzidza kugadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi icho komputa inoziva.

Zvese izvi zvinoitika pazasi pezinga rekuziva, uye masayendisiti haanyatso nzwisisa kuti uropi hunoita sei izvi. Uku ndiko kure kure nekutya kunokatyamadza kunoperekedza kudzora pfungwa. Nekudaro, fungidzira kuti isu takaona kuti ruzivo rwakaiswa sei mumhando dzekupfura dzeeuroni. Wobva wafungidzira kuti tinoda kuunza imwe pfungwa ine uropi hunomisikidza, sezvakaita muBlack Mirror series. Pachine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvekukunda, uye iyo biology, kwete tekinoroji, iyo ndiyo bhodhoro chairo. Kunyangwe tikarerutsa neural coding nekupa ma neuron mamiriro ekuti "pa" kana "kudzima" mune network yemaneuron mazana matatu chete, tichine 300 inogoneka nyika-kupfuura maatomu ese ari muchadenga chinozivikanwa. Kune angangoita 2300 bhiriyoni neuroni muuropi hwemunhu.

Muchidimbu, kutaura kuti isu tiri kure kwazvo ne "kuverenga pfungwa" ndiko kutaura zvine hunyoro. Isu tave pedyo zvakanyanya nekushaya "kusaziva" zviri kuitika muhuropi hwakakura uye hwakaoma kunzwisisa.

Saka, sezvo takazvitsanangura isu pachedu kuti mamicrochips, nepo achibatanidzwa nemamwe matambudziko, ane hunyanzvi hwekugona, uye uropi hunodyarwa hauna mukana wekuverenga pfungwa dzedu, ngatizvibvunzei kuti nei mudziyo unotumira mamwe ruzivo rwakawanda usingakonzeri zvakadaro. manzwiro. nezve mafambiro edu uye maitiro ezuva nezuva kuGoogle, Apple, Facebook uye mamwe makambani mazhinji nemasangano asingazivikanwe pane anozvininipisa RFID kudyara. Isu tiri kutaura nezve yedu yatinofarira smartphone (4), iyo isingatarisi chete, asi zvakare inonyanya kubata. Iwe haudi dhimoni chirongwa chaBill Gates kana chimwe chinhu pasi peganda kuti ufambe neiyi "chip", gara uinesu.