Vasori vepasirese - nyika zhinji dziri kuita hurongwa hwekutarisa vagari

MaChina masayendisiti akagadzira hungwaru hwekugadzira mune kamera system ine yakazara resolution ye500 megapixels (1). Inokwanisa kubata zviuru zvezviso panguva imwe chete, senge munhandare, mune zvakadzama, yobva yagadzira data rechiso rakachengetwa mugore uye pakarepo kutsvaga chinangwa chakataurwa, munhu anodiwa.

Iyo kamera system yakagadzirwa paFudan University muShanghai uye Changchun Institute, guta guru rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweJilin. Izvi kakawanda kugadziriswa kweziso remunhu pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri emapixels. Bepa retsvagiridzo rakaburitswa pamusoro penyaya iyi rinoti inokwanisa kugadzira mafirimu padanho repamusoro semafoto nekuda kwezvimiro zviviri zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa nechikwata chimwe chete.

1. Chinese 500 megapixel kamera

Kunyangwe zviri pamutemo izvi zviri, hongu, imwe budiriro yeChinese sainzi uye tekinoroji, manzwi akanzwika muKudenga Empire pachayo kuti. citizen tracking system yakatove "yakakwana zvakakwana" uye haidi imwe kuvandudzwa. Akati, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu

Wang Peiji, Ph.D., Chikoro cheAstronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, yakataurwa muGlobal Times. Maererano naye, kusikwa kwegadziriro itsva kunofanira kudhura uye hakugoni kuunza zvikomborero zvikuru. Makamera anogonawo kukanganisa kuvanzika, Wang akawedzera, sezvavanotumira mifananidzo yakakwira-tsanangudzo kubva kure kure.

Ini handifunge kuti iwe unofanirwa kugonesa chero munhu kuti China nyika yekuongorora (2) Sokutaura kwakaita Chirungu cheSouth China Morning Post kuHong Kong, zviremera zvenyika zvichiri kushandisa matekinoroji matsva kudzora vagari vazvo.

Zvakwana kutaura chete biometrics yekuzivikanwa kwevafambi muBeijing subway magirazi akangwara inoshandiswa nemapurisa kana makumi edzimwe nzira dzekutarisa sechikamu chehurongwa hwakasimba hwekudzvinyirirwa kwehurumende kune vagari, inotungamirwa na social credit system.

2. Mureza weChinese une chiratidzo chekuongororwa kwepasirese

Nekudaro, dzimwe nzira dzekusora vanhu vekuChina dzichiri kushamisa. Kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino, semuenzaniso, anopfuura makumi matatu emauto uye ehurumende masangano anga achishandisa ma drones chaiwo akafanana neshiri mhenyu. Zvinonzi zviri kubhururuka mudenga mumatunhu angangoita mashanu ari mukati chirongwa chinonzi "Njiva"vachitungamirirwa naProf. Rwiyo Bifeng weXi'an Polytechnic University3).

Drones inogona kutevedzera kubhururuka kwemapapiro uye kukwira, kunyura uye kumhanyisa mukubhururuka seshiri chaidzo. Imwe neimwe modhi yakadaro inoshongedzerwa nekamera yepamusoro-resolution, GPS antenna, ndege yekudzora system uye satellite yekutaurirana system.

Huremu hwe drone hunenge magiramu mazana maviri, uye mapapiro ayo anenge 200 m. Inomhanya kusvika ku0,5 km / h. uye inogona kubhururuka isingamire kwehafu yeawa. Miedzo yekutanga yakaratidza kuti "njiva" dzinenge dzisingatauriki kubva kune shiri dzakajairika uye dzinobvumira zviremera kuti zvitarise pachiyero chakatokura kupfuura kare, kugadzirisa maitiro evagari mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu.

3 Chinese spy drone

Democracies inofarirawo espionage

China inoramba iri mutungamiri wepasi rose muhunyanzvi hwekucherechedzwa kwechiso uye humwe hunyanzvi huri kusimukira. Kwete chete ivo vanoshandisa mashoma mashoma, asi akasiyana makambani eChinese, kubva kuHuawei Technologies Co. pamusoro pezvose, vanoendesa kunze kwenyika ruzivo rwevasori pasi rose. Aya ndiwo thesis yeCarnegie Endowment for International Peace mumushumo wakaburitswa munaGunyana gore rino.

Maererano neongororo iyi, Vatengesi vakakura pasi rose vehunyanzvi hwekugadzira matekinoroji espionage ndiHuawei, kambani yekuChina yeHikvision neJapan NECCorp. uye American IBM (4). Nyika dzinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu, kubva kuUnited States kuenda kuBrazil, Germany, India neSingapore, parizvino dziri kuendesa masisitimu makuru ehungwaru kuti atarise vagari. (5).

4. Ndiani anotengesa tekinoroji yevasori

5. Kufambira mberi muusori pasi rose

Huawei ndiye mutungamiri mundima iyi, achipa iyi mhando yetekinoroji kunyika makumi mashanu. Kuenzanisa, IBM yakatengesa zvigadziriso zvayo munyika gumi neimwe, ichipa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iyo inonzi tekinoroji () yekutarisa agglomerations uye kuongororwa kwedata.

"China iri kutumira tekinoroji yekuongorora kune nyika dzegutsaruzhinji pamwe chete nenyika dzine chiremera," akadaro munyori wenhau Steven Feldstein, purofesa. Boise State University.

Basa rake rinovhara data kubva muna 2017-2019 pamatunhu, maguta, hurumende, pamwe nenzvimbo dzequasi-state dzakadai senhandare dzendege. Zvinofunga nezvenyika makumi matanhatu neina idzo masangano ehurumende akawana tekinoroji yekuzivikanwa kumeso achishandisa makamera uye dhatabhesi yemifananidzo, nyika makumi mashanu nenhanhatu uko kunoshandiswa matekinoroji emumaguta akadai semasensa nema scanner anounganidza ruzivo rwakaongororwa munzvimbo dzekuraira, uye nyika makumi mashanu nenhatu uko zviremera zvinoshandisa “mapurisa epfungwa. ". masisitimu anoongorora data uye anoedza kufanotaura mhosva dzenguva yemberi dzichibva pazviri.

Zvisinei, chirevo chinokundikana kusiyanisa pakati pekushandiswa kwepamutemo kwekuongorora kweAI, nyaya dzinotyora kodzero dzevanhu, uye nyaya dzinonzi Feldstein "nebulous intermediate zone."

Muenzaniso wekusajeka unogona kuzivikanwa munyika purojekiti iguta rakangwara riri pamhenderekedzo yeCanada yekumabvazuva kweToronto. Iguta rizere nemasensor akagadzirirwa kushandira nzanga nekuti akagadzirirwa "kugadzirisa zvese" kubva mukuzara kwemotokari kuenda kuhutano, dzimba, nzvimbo, greenhouse gasi kuburitsa nezvimwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, Quayside yakatsanangurwa se "dystopia yekuvanzika" (6).

6. Google's Big Brother Eye muToronto Quayside

Izvi zvisinganzwisisiki, i.e. mapurojekiti akagadzirwa nevavariro dzakanaka, izvo, zvisinei, zvinogona kutungamirira kune kunosvika kure kunopinda kwekuvanzika kwevagari vemo, tinonyorawo nezvazvo munyaya ino yeMT, tichitsanangura mapurojekiti ePoland akangwara eguta.

Vagari veku UK vatojaira mazana emakamera. Zvakadaro, zvinoonekwa kuti mapurisa ane dzimwe nzira dzekutevera mafambiro evagari. Makumi emamiriyoni akashandiswa muLondon mepu dzegutaiyo yainzi "oyster" ().

Iwo anoshandiswa mabhiriyoni enguva gore rega rega, uye ruzivo rwavanounganidza rwunofadza kune vezvemitemo. Paavhareji, iyo Metropolitan Police Service inokumbira data kubva kumakadhi manejimendi system zviuru zvakati wandei pagore. Sekureva kweThe Guardian, yatove muna 2011, kambani yekutakura yeguta yakagamuchira zvikumbiro zve6258 zve data, kusvika 15% kubva gore rapfuura.

Iyo data inogadzirwa nemamepu eguta, yakasanganiswa nenharembozha geolocation data, inobvumidza iwe kumisa maprofile ehunhu hwevanhu uye nekusimbisa kuvapo kwavo mune imwe nzvimbo uye neimwe nguva. Nemakamera ekutarisa kwese kwese, zvinoita kunge zvisingaite kufamba-famba neguta pasina kutariswa nevezvemitemo.

Chirevo kubva kuCarnegie Endowment for International Peace inoratidza kuti 51% yemademocracies anoshandisa AI monitoring system. Izvi hazvireve kuti vari kushandisa zvisizvo masisitimu aya, zvirinani kwete kusvika izvi zvave zvakajairika. Nekudaro, chidzidzo ichi chinopa mienzaniso yakati wandei apo rusununguko rwevanhu runotambura kubva mukuitwa kwemhinduro dzakadaro.

Ongororo ya2016 yakaratidza, semuenzaniso, kuti mapurisa eUS Baltimore akaendesa muchivande ma drones kuti atarise vagari vemuguta. Mumaawa gumi kubva pakubhururuka kwemuchina wakadaro mapikicha akatorwa sekondi yega yega. Mapurisa akaisawo makamera anocherechedzwa kumeso kuti atarise pamwe nekusunga varatidziri panguva yemhirizhonga yemumaguta muna 2018.

Makambani mazhinji anopawo hunyanzvi hwepamusoro US-Mexico muganhu wekutarisa michina. Sezvakataurwa neThe Guardian muna Chikumi 2018, shongwe dzemuganho dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yakadai dzinogona kuona vanhu vanosvika makiromita gumi nemaviri. Kumwe kuisirwa kwerudzi urwu kwakashongedzerwa nelaser kamera, radar uye sisitimu yekutaurirana inotarisa 12 km radius kuona kufamba.

Iyo mifananidzo yakatorwa inoongororwa neAI kuparadzanisa masilhouettes evanhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinofamba kubva kunharaunda. Hazvina kujeka kuti nzira dzakadaro dzekutarisa dzinoramba dziri pamutemo here kana kuti dzakafanira.

IFrench Marseille iri kutungamira chirongwa ichi. Ichi chirongwa chekudzikisa hutsotsi kuburikidza neruzhinji rwekutarisa network ine intelligence operations centre uye anoda kusvika chiuru eCCTV smart cameras mumunda. Pakazosvika 2020, nhamba iyi ichapeta kaviri.

Ava vanotungamira Chinese spy tekinoroji vanotengesa kunze vanopawo midziyo yavo uye algorithms kunyika dzekuMadokero. Muna 2017, Huawei akapa chirongwa chekutarisa kuguta reValenciennes kuchamhembe kweFrance kuratidza zvinodaidzwa. yakachengeteka muenzaniso weguta. Iyo yakakwidziridzwa yepamusoro-tsanangudzo vhidhiyo yekutarisa sisitimu uye yakangwara yekuraira nzvimbo yakashongedzerwa nemaalgorithms ekuona mafambiro asina kujairika uye mhomho yemigwagwa.

Nekudaro, chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti inotaridzika sei ...

… China inoongorora tekinoroji inotumira kunze kwenyika kunyika dzine urombo

Kuti nyika ichiri kusimukira haikwanise kuwana masisitimu aya? Hapana dambudziko. Vatengesi veChinese vanowanzopa zvinhu zvavo mumasumbu ane "zvakanaka" zvikwereti.

Izvi zvinoshanda nemazvo munyika dzine zvivakwa zvetekinoroji zvisina kuvandudzwa, semuenzaniso, Kenya, Laos, Mongolia, Uganda, neUzbekistan, uko zviremera zvingadai zvisina kukwanisa kuisa zvigadziriso zvakadaro.

MuEcuador, network yemakamera ane simba anoendesa mifananidzo kunzvimbo dzinopfuura gumi nembiri dzinopinza vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu. Vakashongedzerwa nezvimiti zvemufaro, mapurisa anodzora kure makamera uye anotarisisa mumigwagwa kune vanotengesa zvinodhaka, kurova uye kuponda. Kana vakaona chimwe chinhu, vanowedzera (7).

7. Monitoring Center muEcuador

Iyo system, hongu, inobva kuChina, inonzi ECU-911 uye yakagadzirwa nemakambani maviri ekuChina: ehurumende CEIEC neHuawei. MuEcuador, makamera eECU-911 anorembera kubva pamatanda nepamusoro pematenga edzimba, kubva kuGalapagos Islands kusvika kusango reAmazon. Iyo sisitimu zvakare inobvumira zviremera kuteedzera mafoni uye munguva pfupi inogona kukwanisa kuziva zviso.

Zvinyorwa zvakabuda zvinobvumira mapurisa kuti aongorore nekugadzirisa zvakare zviitiko zvekare. Replicas yeiyi network yakatengeswa zvakare kuVenezuela, Bolivia neAngola. Iyo sisitimu, yakaiswa muEcuador kutanga kwa2011, ishanduro yekutanga yepurogiramu yekombiyuta yekudzora iyo Beijing yakamboshandisa mabhiriyoni emadhora pairi. Kuzvarwa kwayo kwekutanga yaive yekutarisa sisitimu yakagadzirwa muChina kune zvinodiwa Mitambo yeOlympic muBeijing muna 2008 gore

Kunyange zvazvo hurumende yeEcuadorian ichipika kuti ndeyekuchengetedza uye kutonga kwemhosva chete, uye makamera anongopa mifananidzo kumapurisa, ongororo yezvenhau yeNew York Times yakawana kuti matepi anogumawo muNational Intelligence Agency, iyo inobata neaimbova Mutungamiri Rafael Correa, kushungurudza, kutyisidzira nekurwisa vanopikisa hurumende vezvematongerwo enyika.

Nhasi, nyika dzinoda kusvika makumi maviri, dzinosanganisira Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, neGermany, dzinoshandisa Made in China smart monitoring systems. Mune ramangwana, akati wandei awo ari kudzidziswa uye kuita kwavo kuri kutariswa. Vatsoropodzi vanoyambira kuti nekutarisa kweChinese uye ruzivo rwehardware rwatekeshera pasirese, ramangwana repasi rose rinotaridzika rizere nehutongi hunotungamirwa nehunyanzvi uye kurasikirwa kukuru kwekuvanzika. Aya matekinoroji, anowanzo kutsanangurwa seanochengetedza veruzhinji masisitimu, ane mukana wekuita zvakakomba zvikumbiro semidziyo yekudzvinyirira zvematongerwo enyika.

anodaro Adrian Shahbaz, director of research paFreedom House.

ECU-911 yakaunzwa kuEcuadorian nzanga senzira yekuve nehumhondi hune chekuita nezvinodhaka uye hutsotsi hudiki. Sekureva kwevanomiririra zvakavanzika, chinonetsa ndechekuti ECU-911 haina kana simba mukudzivisa matsotsi, kunyangwe kuisirwa kwehurongwa kwakabatana nekudzikira kwematsotsi.

Ecuadorians vanotaura mienzaniso yakawanda yekubira uye zvimwe zvisiri pamutemo zviito zvakaitika pamberi pemakamera pasina mhinduro kubva kumapurisa. Zvisinei neizvi, kana tatarisana nesarudzo pakati pekuvanzika uye chengetedzo, maEcuadorians muhuwandu hukuru vanosarudza kuongororwa.

Zvishuwo zveBeijing zvinodarika zvakatengeswa munyika idzi. Nhasi, mapurisa muChina yose ari kutora mifananidzo kubva kumakumi emamiriyoni emakamera uye mabhiriyoni e data pamusoro pekufamba kwevagari, kushandiswa kweInternet, uye zviitiko zvehupfumi kuti vatarise. Rondedzero yevanogona kuita matsotsi uye vangangopikisa vezvematongerwo enyika veChina inotosanganisira 20 kusvika 30 miriyoni vanhu.

Sezvakataurwa neCarnegie Endowment report, kuongorora hakufanirwe kunge kuri kwehurumende dzinoda kudzvinyirira vagari vadzo. Inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira hugandanga uye kugonesa zviremera kuronda kutyisidzira kwakasiyana. Nekudaro, tekinoroji yakaunza zvakare nzira nyowani dzekucherechedzwa, zvichikonzera kukwira kwemetadata, ingave email, kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo, kuteedzera webhu, kana zvimwe zviitiko.

Zvinangwa zveEuropean democracies kutora masisitimu ehutongi kubva kuAI (kutonga kwekutama, kuteedzera kutyisidzira kwemagandanga) zvinogona, hongu, zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nezvikonzero zvekushandisa masisitimu muEgypt kana Kazakhstan (kutevera vanopikisa, kudzvanyirira vanopikisa mafambiro, nezvimwewo). asi maturusi pachawo anoramba akafanana zvinoshamisa. Kusiyana mukududzirwa uye kuongororwa kwezviito izvi kunobva pakufungidzira kuti kutonga kwedemocracy "kwakanaka" uye kutonga kusina rusununguko "kwakaipa."