Apollo 13 basa
Imwe nhengo yeApollo 13 yakakwira SH-3D Sea King yekununura chikopokopo kubva kuUSS Iwo Jima ichimhara chikopokopo.
Kunonoka Muvhuro manheru, Kubvumbi 13, 1970. PaMission Control, iri paManned Spacecraft Center (MCC) muHouston, vatongi vari kugadzirira kupa shanduko. Iyo Apollo 13 inodzorwa mishoni inotarisirwa kuve yechitatu inomhara pamwedzi. Parizvino inoshanda pasina dambudziko rakawanda, kusvika parizvino, kubva chinhambwe chinodarika 300 XNUMX. km pamberi penguva yeMoscow, mazwi emumwe wevazivi venyeredzi, Jacek Swigert, uya: Zvakanaka, Houston, tine dambudziko pano. Kunyange Swigert kana MSS havasati vaziva kuti dambudziko iri richava dambudziko guru munhoroondo yezvemuchadenga, umo hupenyu hwevashandi hucharembera muchiyero kwemakumi emaawa akati wandei.
Basa reApollo 13 rakanga riri rechipiri pamatatu akarongwa ari pasi peMission H, chirongwa chakanangana nekumhara chaiko panzvimbo yakapihwa uye kuita ongororo yakawedzerwa ipapo. Musi waZvita 10, 1969, NASA yakasarudzira chinangwa chake pamusoro peSilver Globe. Iyi nzvimbo yaive nzvimbo yakakwira yeCone (cone) crater, iri padyo neFra Mauro kuumbwa muMare Imbrium. Zvaitendwa kuti munzvimbo iri pedyo negomba rezita rimwe chete, panofanira kunge kune zvinhu zvakawanda kubva muzvikamu zvakadzika zveMwedzi, zvakaumbwa semugumisiro wekusunungurwa kwenyaya yakakonzerwa nekudonha kwemeteorite huru. Zuva rekutanga rakarongerwa Kurume 12, 1970, paine zuva rekuchengetedza remusi wa11 Kubvumbi. Kusimuka kwacho kwaizoitwa kubva kuLC-39A complex kuCape Kennedy (sekudanwa kwaiitwa Cape Canaveral muna 1963-73). Iyo Saturn-5 yekuvhura mota yaive neiyo serial nhamba AS-508, base ngarava CSM-109 (call sign Odyssey) uye expedition ngarava LM-7 (call sign Aquarius). Kutevera mutemo usina kunyorwa weApollo crew kutenderera, vashandi vaviri vakamirira mishoni mbiri vasati vabhururuka seyekutanga. Saka, panyaya yeApollo 13, tinofanira kutarisira kudomwa kwaGordon Cooper, Donn Eisele naEdgar Mitchell, vatevedzeri veApollo 10. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvokuranga, vaviri vokutanga vakanga vasina mubvunzo, uye Donald Slayton, uyo aitarisira kusarudza vazivi vemuchadenga nokuda kwendege, akasarudza muna March 1969 kuumba boka rakasiyana chose chose, iro raibatanidza Alan Shepard, Stuart Rus naEdgar. Mitchell.
Nokuti Shepard akanga achangowanazve kushingaira kwemuchadenga mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwenzeve kwakaoma, zvinhu zvepamusoro zvakasarudza muna Chivabvu kuti aizoda kumwe kudzidziswa. Nokudaro, musi waNyamavhuvhu 6, vashandi ava vakagoverwa kuApollo 14, iyo yaifanira kubhururuka muhafu yegore, uye zvakasarudzwa kuendesa mutungamiri (CDR) James Lovell, kuraira module pilot (command module pilot) kune "gumi nematatu, CMP. ) Thomas Mattingly uye mutyairi weLunar Module (LMP) Fred Hayes. Chikwata chavo chekuchengetedza chaive John Mudiki, John Swigert naCharles Duke. Sezvazvakazoitika nguva pfupi isati yatanga, kudzidzisa vashandi vaviri kune imwe neimwe mishoni yakaita zvine musoro ...
Imwe nhengo yeApollo 13 yakakwira SH-3D Sea King yekununura chikopokopo kubva kuUSS Iwo Jima ichimhara chikopokopo.
tanga
Nekuda kwekudimburwa kwebhajeti kubva payakarongerwa kumhara kwevanhu gumi paMwedzi, rwendo urwu rwakatanga kunzi Apollo 10, uyezve Apollo 20 uye 19. Mishoni nomwe dzasara dzaifanira kupedzwa kwerinenge gore nehafu, inenge mwedzi mina yoga yoga, imwe panguva, kutanga neyokutanga muna Chikunguru 18. Chokwadi, Apollo 1969 yakabhururuka ichidzoka munaNovember 12, “1969” yakarongwa muna Kurume 1970, uye “13” yaChikunguru. Zvimwe zvinhu zveGumi nenhatu zvivakwa zvakatanga kuoneka pacape kunyangwe isati yatanga rwendo rwekutanga rwemwedzi. Musi waChikumi 14, North American Rockwell yakapa Command Module (CM) uye Service Module (SM) kuKSC. Zvakare, Grumman Aircraft Corporation yakaunza zvikamu zviviri zvechikepe chekufambisa musi waChikumi 26 (ndege module) uye Chikumi 27 (module yekumhara), zvichiteerana. Musi waChikumi 28, CM neSM zvakabatanidzwa uye LM yakapedzwa muna Chikunguru 30 mushure mekuyedza kutaurirana pakati peCSM neLM.
Roketi yevanegumi nematatu yakapedzwa munaChikunguru 31, 1969. Musi wa10 Zvita, kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvese kwakapedzwa uye roketi rakanga ragadzirira kutangwa kubva kuchivakwa cheVAB. Kufambisa kuenda kuLC-39A yekumisikidza pad kwakaitika muna Zvita 15, uko kwakasiyana bvunzo dzekubatanidza dzakaitwa mukati memavhiki akati wandei. Pana January 8, 1970, basa racho rakarongwazve nokuda kwaApril. Musi waKurume 16, panguva yeCountdown Demonstration Test (CDDT), pre-takeoff process, pamberi apo matangi e cryogenic anozadzwawo neokisijeni. Munguva yekuongorora, matambudziko akaonekwa neasina tangi Nha. Iyi nzira yakabudirira uye timu yepasi haina kuona chero dambudziko nazvo. Bhomba racho rakaputika maawa 2 risati rasimuka. Zvakazoonekwa kuti vana Duke vekureserve brigade vaive vabatwa nerubella. Kubvunzurudzwa kwechimbichimbi kwakaratidza kuti kune vese "72" vazivi vemuchadenga, Mattingly chete ndiye asina kurwara nechirwere ichi uye kuti angave asina masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akakodzera, izvo zvaigona kurwara panguva yekubhururuka. Izvi zvakaita kuti abviswe kure nekubhururuka ndokutsiviwa naSwigert.
Iko kusati kwasimuka kuverenga kwakatanga neiyo T-28's paawa modhi zuva risati rarongwa kutanga musi wa11 Kubvumbi. Apollo 13 inosimuka panguva chaiyo 19: 13: 00,61, 13 nguva yepasi rose, muHouston ipapo 13: 184 ... Kutanga kwekufamba kwechikepe kune muenzaniso - injini dzekutanga dzinodzimwa, dzinorambwa, injini dzechipiri chechipiri. tanga kushanda. LES roketi rekununura rakarambwa. Maminitsi mashanu nehafu mushure mekusimuka, kudengenyeka kweroketi (pogo) kunotanga kuwedzera. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekupihwa kwemafuta kune iyo propulsion system, iyo inopindirana nekudengenyeka kwezvimwe zvinhu zveroketi. Izvi zvinogona kuparadza propulsion system uye saka roketi rese. Injini yepakati, inova ndiyo inokonzeresa kuzunguzika uku, yakavharwa kupfuura maminetsi maviri pamberi pehurongwa. Kuwedzera basa revamwe neanopfuura hafu yeminiti kunobvumira iwe kuchengetedza chaiyo nzira yekubhururuka. Danho rechitatu rinotanga basa rayo pakupera kweminiti yegumi. Zvinotora maminitsi maviri nehafu chete. Iyo yakaoma inopinda munzvimbo yekupaka nekukwirira kwe186-32,55 km uye inorerekera yeXNUMX °. Yese ngarava uye nhanho masisitimu anotariswa mumaawa maviri anotevera. Pakupedzisira, mvumo inopihwa yekuita Trans Lunar Injection (TLI) maneuver, iyo inotumira Apollo spacecraft yakananga kuMwedzi.
Kufambisa kwacho kwakatanga pana T+002:35:46 uye kwakatora maminetsi anoda kusvika matanhatu. Chikamu chinotevera chemishoni ndechekubvisa CSM kubva paS-IVB chinzvimbo uye wozoimisa kuLM. Pamaawa matatu nemaminetsi matanhatu mukubhururuka, CSM inoparadzanisa kubva kuS-IVB. Maminitsi gumi nematatu gare gare vashandi vakamira paLM. Paawa yechina yekubhururuka, vashandi vanodhonza S-IVB lunar lander. The joint spacecraft CSM neLM pamwechete vanoenderera mberi nendege yavo yakazvimirira kuenda kuMwedzi. Munguva yekubhururuka kusina simba kuMwedzi, kuiswa kweCSM / LM kwakaunzwa mukutenderera kunodzorwa, kunonzi. Passive thermal control (PTC) yekuona kupisa kwakafanana kwechikepe nemwaranzi yezuva. Paawa yegumi nematatu yekubhururuka, vashandi vanoenda pakuzorora kwemaawa gumi, zuva rekutanga rekubhururuka rinoverengwa serakabudirira zvikuru. Mangwana acho paT+10:30:40, vashandi vanoita hybrid orbital maneuver. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti usvike kunzvimbo paMwedzi ine yakakwirira selenographic latitude, asi haipe yemahara kudzoka kuPasi kana injini yakundikana. Vashandi vanoenda pamudyandigere zvakare, vasingazive kuti uku ndiko kuchava kuzorora kwekupedzisira kwemazuva anotevera.
Kuputika!
Kupinda muLM uye kutarisa masisitimu ayo kunokwidziridzwa nemaawa mana, kutanga kubva paawa ye54 yemishoni. Panguva iyoyo pane nhepfenyuro yeTV inorarama. Nguva pfupi yapera uye kudzokera kuCSM, kutonga kwemishini kunoraira kusanganisa mvura okisijeni cylinder 2, iyo sensor iyo iri kuratidza kuverenga kusinganzwisisike. Destratification yezviri mukati me tanki inogona kuidzosera kune yakajairika kushanda. Kuchinja uye kubvisa blender kwakatora masekondi mashoma. 95 seconds gare gare, paT+55:54:53, vazivi vemuchadenga vanonzwa ruzha rukuru uye vanonzwa chikepe chotanga kuzunguzika. Panguva imwecheteyo, marambi echiratidzo anovhenekera, achizivisa nezve kushanduka kwemagetsi mumambure emagetsi, injini dzekutarisa dzinobatidzwa, ngarava inorasikirwa nekubatana nePasi kwenguva pfupi uye inoidzosera ichishandisa antenna ine danda rakakura. 26 seconds gare gare, Swigert anopa mazwi asingakanganwiki, "Zvakanaka, Houston, tine dambudziko pano." Kana akumbirwa kudzokorora, mutungamiriri anojekesa: Houston, tine dambudziko. Taive ne undervoltage pa main bus B. Saka pane information pa Earth yekuti pane voltage drop pa power bus B. Asi chii chiri chikonzero cheizvi?
