Vanogona supercapacitors kutsiva mabhatiri mumagetsi mota?

Magetsi emagetsi uye mahybridi akasimbiswa kwazvo mundangariro dzemutyairi wemazuva ano seyekutenderera nyowani mukushanduka kwemotokari. Kana ichienzaniswa nemhando dzakasungirirwa neICCE, idzi mota dzine zvadzo zvazvakanakira nekukanganisa.

Zvakanakira zvinogara zvichisanganisira chinyararire mashandiro, pamwe nekushaikwa kwekusviba panguva yekutyaira (kunyange hazvo nhasi kugadzirwa kweimwe bhatiri remota yemagetsi kunosvibisa nharaunda kupfuura makore makumi matatu ekushanda kweinjini yedhiziri).

Iko kusakosha kukuru kwemotokari dzemagetsi ndiko kuda kuchaja bhatiri. Mukubatana neizvi, vanogadzira mota vagadziri vari kuvandudza sarudzo dzakasiyana siyana dzekuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri uye nekuwedzera nguva pakati pemitero. Imwe yesarudzo idzi kushandiswa kwesupacapacitors.

Funga nezveiyi tekinoroji uchishandisa muenzaniso weiyo nyowani indasitiri yemotokari - Lamborghini Sian. Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira kukura uku?

Nyowani mumusika wemagetsi wemagetsi

Kana Lamborghini ikatanga kuburitsa hybridi, unogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti haizove ingori yakasimba vhezheni yeToyota Prius.

Sian, iko kwekutanga kwekambani yemagetsi yeItaly, ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirwa mota yakasanganiswa (inokwenenzvera zvikamu makumi matanhatu nenomwe) kushandisa ma supercapacitors panzvimbo pemabhatiri e lithiamu-ion.

Nyanzvi zhinji dzefizikisi uye mainjiniya vanotenda kuti vane kiyi yekufambisa kwemagetsi akawanda, panzvimbo pemabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Sian anoshandisa izvi kuchengetedza magetsi uye, kana zvichidikanwa, anoidyisa kune yake diki mota yemagetsi.

Zvakanakira supercapacitors

Supercapacitors kuchaja uye kusunungura simba nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura mazhinji mabhatiri emazuva ano. Uye zvakare, ivo vanokwanisa kumira zvakaomarara zvakanyanya kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa macircuit pasina kurasikirwa necustomer.

Panyaya yaSian, supercapacitor anotyaira 25 kilowatt mota yemagetsi yakavakirwa mubhokisi regear. Inogona kupa yekuwedzera yekuwedzera kune 6,5 bhiza 12-litre V785 yemukati injini yemoto, kana kutyaira iyo yemitambo mota iri yega panguva yekumhanya-mhanya maneja senge kupaka.

Sezvo kuchaja kuchimhanyisa kwazvo, iyi yemasanganiswa haidi kuburitswa mudura kana chiteshi chechaji. Supercapacitors vanobhadhariswa zvizere nguva dzese mota painobheka. Bhatiri remahybrids zvakare ane braking simba kupora, asi inononoka uye inongobatsira zvishoma kuti iwedzere huwandu hwemagetsi.

Iyo supercapacitor ine imwe hombe kwazvo kadhi yehwamanda: uremu. MuLamborghini Sian, iyo yese system - mota yemagetsi pamwe necapacitor - inowedzera makirogiramu makumi matatu nemana chete kuhuremu. Muchiitiko ichi, kuwedzera kwesimba ndiko 34 horsepower. Kana tichienzanisa, bhatiri reRenault Zoe roga (rine 33,5 horsepower) rinorema kutenderera 136kg.

Kukanganisa kwevakuru vevashandisi vakuru

Ehezve, supercapacitor zvakare ine zvayakaipira zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanounganidza simba zvakanyanya kuipa - kana Sian asina kukwira kwevhiki, hapana simba rakasara mu capacitor. Asi panewo zvinobvira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Lamborghini iri kushanda neMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kugadzira modhi yemagetsi yakavakirwa pama supercapacitors, iyo yakakurumbira Terzo Milenio (Yechitatu Millennium) pfungwa.

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Nenzira, Lamborghini, iyo iri pasi pechikwata cheVolkswagen Group, haisi iyo chete kambani inoedza munzvimbo ino. Peugeot hybrid modhi vanga vachishandisa supercapacitor kwemakore, sezvakaita Toyota neHonda's hydrogen fuel cell modhi. Vagadziri veChinese neKorea vari kudziisa mumabhazi emagetsi nemarori. Uye gore rapfuura, Tesla akatenga Maxwell Electronics, imwe yepasirese supercapacitor vanogadzira, chiratidzo chechokwadi chekuti angangoita Elon Musk anotenda mune ramangwana rehunyanzvi.

7 akakosha chokwadi chekunzwisisa supercapacitors

1 Mashandiro anoita mabhatiri

Tekinoroji yebhatiri ndechimwe chezvinhu zvatakatora kwenguva refu tisingafungi nezve mashandire azvinoita. Vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti kana tichichaja, tinongo "durura" magetsi mubhatiri, semvura mugirazi.

Asi bhatiri harichengete magetsi zvakananga, asi rinongorigadzira kana richidiwa nekemikari rinoita pakati pemaelectrode maviri uye mvura (kazhinji) inoaparadzanisa, inonzi electrolyte. Mukuita uku, makemikari ari mairi anoshandurwa kuva mamwe. Munguva iyi, magetsi anogadzirwa. Kana vashandurwa zvachose, maitiro anomira - bhatiri rinobviswa.

Nekudaro, nemabhatiri anochajiswa, maitiro anogonawo kuitika kune yakatarisana - kana iwe uchiichaja, simba rinotanga reverse process, iyo inodzoreredza makemikari ekutanga. Izvi zvinogona kudzokororwa mazana kana zviuru zvenguva, asi zvisingadzivisiki pane kurasikirwa. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvipembenene zvinovaka pama electrode, saka hupenyu hwebhatiri hunogumira (kazhinji 3000 kusvika 5000 cycles).

2 Ma capacitors anoshanda sei

Hapana maitiro emakemikari anoitika mune condenser. Mhando dzakanaka uye dzakaipa dzinogadzirwa zvega nemagetsi emagetsi. Mukati meiyo capacitor pane mahwendefa esimbi maviri akaparadzaniswa nechinhu chinotakurisa chinonzi dielectric.

Kubhadharisa kwakafanana nekukwesha bhora mujuzi rehushe kuitira kuti igare nemagetsi emagetsi. Mahwendefa akanaka uye akashata anounganidzwa mumahwendefa, uye akaparadzanisa pakati pawo, anovadzivirira kuti vasasangane, ndiyo nzira yekuchengetera simba. Iyo capacitor inogona kubhadhariswa uye kuburitswa kunyangwe miriyoni nguva pasina kurasikirwa kwesimba.

3 Chii chinonzi supercapacitors

Conventional capacitors idiki kwazvo kuti isachengete simba - kazhinji inoyerwa mumamicrofarad (mamiriyoni emafaradhi). Ichi ndicho chikonzero ma supercapacitor akagadzirwa muma1950s. Mukusiyana kwavo kukuru kwemaindasitiri, anogadzirwa nemakambani akadai saMaxwell Technologies, huwandu hwacho hunosvika zviuru zvefaradhi, kureva, 10-20% yekugona kwebhatiri re lithium-ion.

4 Mashandisiro anoita ma supercapacitors

Kusiyana akajairwa capacitors, hapana dielectric. Pane kudaro, mahwendefa maviri anonyudzwa mu electrolyte uye akaparadzaniswa nekatetepa insulating layer. Iyo capacitance ye supercapacitor inowedzera sezvo nzvimbo yeaya mahwendefa inowedzera uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pawo chinodzikira. Kuti awedzere nzvimbo, parizvino akaputirwa nezvinhu zvine porous senge kabhoni nanotubes (zvidiki zvekuti mabhiriyoni gumi azvo anokwana mune imwe sikweya cm). Muparadzi anogona kungoita morekuru rimwe gobvu negrafu.

Kuti unzwisise mutsauko, zvakanaka kufunga nezvemagetsi semvura. Iyo yakapusa capacitor yaizobva yaita kunge tauro repepa iro rinogona kutora mashoma. Iyo supercapacitor ndiyo kicheni chipanji mumuenzaniso.

5 Mabhatiri: Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Mabhatiri ane mukana umwechete wakakosha - kusimba kwesimba repamusoro, izvo zvinovatendera kuchengetedza huwandu hukuru hwesimba mudura diki.

Nekudaro, ivo zvakare vane zvakawanda zvakaipira - huremu hunorema, hupenyu hushoma, kunonoka kuchaja uye kunonoka kuburitsa simba. Pamusoro pezvo, simbi dzine muchetura nezvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira kwavo. Mabhatiri anongoshanda chete pamusoro petembiricha yakatetepa, saka kazhinji inoda kutonhodzwa kana kudziiswa, zvichideredza kugona kwavo kwepamusoro.

6 Supercapacitors: Pros uye Cons

Supercapacitors yakareruka kupfuura mabhatiri, hupenyu hwavo hwakareba zvisingaenzaniswi, havadi chero zvinhu zvine njodzi, vanochaja nekuburitsa simba ipapo ipapo. Sezvo vanenge vasina kupikisa mukati, havadyi simba rekushanda - kushanda kwavo ndiko 97-98%. Supercapacitors inoshanda pasina kutsauka kwakakosha muhuwandu hwese kubva -40 kusvika +65 degrees Celsius.

Izvo zvisina kunaka ndezvekuti vanochengeta zvakanyanya kushomeka simba pane lithiamu-ion mabhatiri.

7 Zvinyorwa zvitsva

Kunyangwe iwo epamberi epamusoro supercapacitors haakwanise kutsiva mabhatiri mune emagetsi mota. Asi masayendisiti mazhinji uye makambani akazvimirira vari kushanda kuti vavandudze iwo. Semuenzaniso, kuUK, Superdielectrics iri kushanda nechinhu chakagadzirwa kutanga kugadzirwa kwema lenses.

Skeleton Technologies iri kushanda negraphene, allotropic form of carbon. Imwe layer yakakora atomu imwe yakasimba zvakapetwa ka100 kupfuura simbi ine simba guru, uye giramu rimwe chete rayo rinogona kufukidza 1 2000 square metres. Kambani yakaisa magraphene supercapacitors mumavhani edhiziri akajairwa uye akawana 32% yekuchengetedza mafuta.

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti ma supercapacitors haakwanise kutsiva mabhatiri, nhasi pane maitiro akanaka mukuvandudza kweiyi tekinoroji.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Iyo supercapacitor inoshanda sei? Inoshanda nenzira yakafanana neyepamusoro-capacitor capacitor. Mariri, magetsi anounganidzwa nekuda kwe static panguva ye polarization ye electrolyte. Kunyangwe iri electrochemical mudziyo, hapana makemikari anoita inoitika.

Chii chinonzi supercapacitor? Supercapacitors anoshandiswa kuchengetedza simba, kutanga mota, mumotokari dzakasanganiswa, sezvitubu zvenguva pfupi yazvino.

Ko supercapacitor yakasiyana sei nemhando dzakasiyana dzebhatiri? Bhatiri rinokwanisa kugadzira magetsi pacharo kuburikidza nekemikari reaction. Iyo supercapacitor inongounganidza iyo yakaburitswa simba.

Iyo Supercapacitor inoshandiswa kupi? Yakaderera capacitor inoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi (akabudiswa zvizere) uye mune chero sisitimu inoda huwandu hukuru hwekuburitsa / kubhadharisa kutenderera.