Simba uye torque pamwe nekuita kwemotokari
Simba uye torque ndiwo maviri makuru paramita anoratidza kushanda kweinjini. Aya ndiwowo maitiro ayo anonyanya kukonzeresa maitiro emota. Ivo vanokanganisa sei kukurumidza uye ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu zvemotokari zvinokanganisa dynamics?
Chii chinonzi torque uye simba?
Nguva yekuchinja isimba reinjini yekupisa mukati. Iyo yakakwirira kukosha kwe torque, zviri nyore kukunda kupikiswa kwese kunoitika kana mota ichifamba.
Simba reinjini ibasa iro injini inogona kuita munguva yakatarwa. Iko kukosha kwesimba pachayo kunoenderana ne torque uye kumhanya kweinjini.
Torque uye mota kuchinjika
Iyo yakakwirira iyo torque, iyo yakawanda iyo mota inofanirwa kuramba kupikisa kunoitika panguva yekufamba. Zvakare zvakanyanya kukosha ndeyekumhanyisa renji panowanikwa huwandu hwetorque. Injini ndiyo inonyanya kushanduka panyaya iyi.
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Mamiriro akakwana angave ekuti torque yakakwirira irambe yakagadzikana pamusoro peiyo injini yekumhanya siyana. Muenzaniso wakanaka iPorsche Cayenne S, iyo inochengetedza torque yakawanda ye550 Nm pakati pe1350 ne4500 rpm. Kutyaira mumotokari yakadai, neinenge jekiseni regasi regesi, iwe uchanzwa kuti mota inomhanyisa sei kumberi.
Turbocharged peturu injini dzemotokari dzakakurumbira zvakare dzinogadzira yavo yakanyanya torque kutanga. Izvi zvinobatsira kwazvo kana uchityaira uchitenderera guta, sezvo zvichikutendera kuti ufambe zvine simba uye zvisingaite kubva pasi pemwenje. Diesel injini dzine maitiro akafanana. Muenzaniso ndeye Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDi. 170 hp shanduro inogadzira torque ye350 Nm muhuwandu hwe1800-2500 rpm. Munhu wose anotyaira motokari ane turbodiesel anoziva kuti rudzi urwu rwemotokari "runokwevera" kubva kune yakaderera revs, uye mushure mekupfuura imwe nhanho - kazhinji 3800-4200 rpm, vanorasikirwa nesimba, kwete pedyo nemunda mutsvuku pane tachometer.
Zvakapesana ndezvechokwadi zvemitambo nemitambo mhando, sezvo motokari, uye naizvozvo injini, dzakavakwa kuti dzimhanye nekumhanya kukuru. Torque yavo yepamusoro inofanirwa kunge iri mumhando yepamusoro rev, iyo inobvumira injini kuti ikurumidze zvirinani uye kuve inopindura zvakanyanya pakutyaira kwemitambo. Iri ndiro rimwe divi rekutyaira kwemazuva ese, sekuti paunotanga kusimuka kana kupfuura, unofanirwa kurovera injini nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Muenzaniso wemota isingachinjike iHonda S2000 - isati yasimuka, injini yayo yakasikwa 2.0 VTEC yakagadzira 207 Nm pa7500 rpm chete.
Zvichienderana nehupamhi hwehukuru hwesimba uye torque uye nekumhanyisa kwavanoitwa, munhu anogona kutora mhedziso yekutanga nezve hunhu hweinjini uye kunyangwe mota. Isu tinosimbisa, zvisinei, kuti kwete chete injini inokanganisa maitiro. Chii chimwe chinoita kuti kukwidziridzwa kutsamire?
Gearbox - mukuwedzera kune chokwadi cheyakasiyana dhizaini, zvakafanira kutarisa magiya egiya pachawo. Iyo yakareba reshiyo yekufambisa ichakubvumidza iwe kunakidzwa neakadzika injini kumhanya paunenge uchityaira mumugwagwa kana mumugwagwa mukuru, izvo zvinoderedza ruzha uye kushandiswa kwemafuta asi zvinoderedza agility. Ipfupi-kumhanya gearbox, kune rumwe rutivi, inopa kukwirisa kwakanaka uye inobvumira injini kuti ikurumidze kusvika pakumhanya nejekiseni rega rega regesi. Hazvisi zvengozi kuti rudzi urwu rwekufambisa runoshandiswa mumotokari dze rally. Parizvino, 8-, 9- uye kunyange gumi-speed gearboxes aripo, mapfupi uye marefu. Inosanganisa akanakisa emhando mbiri dzegiya, kuendesa kukurumidza kukurumidza mumagiya akaderera uye yakagadzika uye ine hupfumi kutyaira nekumhanya kwepamusoro mumagiya epamusoro.
Kutumira - kana uchitanga uye uchikurumidza, uremu hwemotokari hunoendeswa kwechinguva kumashure. Muchiitiko ichi, mavhiri epamberi anorasikirwa nemamwe ma mechanical grip uye mavhiri ekumashure anoawana. Mabhenefiti makuru mune aya mamiriro anogamuchirwa nemota dzine drive kune yekumashure axle. Naizvozvo, mota dzekumashure-mavhiri uye mota dzese-mavhiri dzinogona kumhanyisa nekukurumidza. Nehurombo, nekuda kwehuremu hwekuwedzera uye zvimwe zvekuwedzera drivetrain, ivo vanofanirwa kushandisa simba rakawanda kufambisa mota, izvo zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta uye dynamics pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
Matai chimwe chezvinhu zvinosarudza kana zvasvika pakukwirisa kwemota, pamwe nemafambiro emota yese. Vanobatanidza motokari pasi. Kana matai achiwedzera kubata, zvinoita kuti mota iite zviri nani pagasi nemabhureki. Pamusoro peiyo tread compound uye tire pateni, saizi yevhiri chinhu chakakosha. Tai rakatetepa rinenge riine kushomeka kutenderedza uye diki tara yekubata nzvimbo. Zvikasadaro, vhiri rakakura rinovandudza kukweva, kubvumira kupinda zviri nani kune asphalt uye kuderedza vhiri rekutenderera, zvichitibvumira kunakidzwa nekufamba kune simba.
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Huremu hwemotokari - munhu wese akafamba rwendo aine seti yakazara yevatakuri uye mikwende akadzidza nezve mhedzisiro yayo pane dynamics. Munenge motokari imwe neimwe, kuwedzera mazana mashoma makirogiramu kunoderedza masimba uye agility.
Aerodynamics inzvimbo inoita basa rakakosha mumamodeli emazuva ano. Izvi zvakabvumira kuchengetedza mafuta uye kuderedza ruzha mukamuri. Mota dzine miviri yakagadziridzwa dzinowedzera kusimba pakumhanya kwakanyanya uye dzine kumhanya kwepamusoro. Muenzaniso ndeyeMercedes CLA, iyo, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera yekukweva coefficient ye0,26, inosvika 156 km/h muCLA 200 shanduro ine 230 hp.
