Injini yemafuta - usazora, usatyaira
Iko mukati memoto injini ndiyo mwoyo wemotokari. Pasinei nekuvandudzwa nguva dzose, iyo isina mafuta unit haisati yagadzirwa. Iyo inobatanidza dzinenge dzese dzinodyidzana mekiniki zvikamu uye yagara ichinyanya kukosha "mvura yemuviri" yemotokari. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kuisarudza nenzira kwayo uye kutevera mitemo mishoma yekushanda.
Mafuta - mvura yemabasa anokosha
Injini yemafuta, kuwedzera kune inozivikanwa inozivikanwa yekuzora basa rekukweshana kune mumwe nemumwe
ma mechanical components ane akati wandei mamwe mabasa akakosha zvakaenzana. Inobvisa kupisa kwakanyanyisa kubva kune zvakatakurwa nezvinhu, inovhara kamuri yekupisa pakati pepiston necylinder, uye inodzivirira zvikamu zvesimbi kubva mukuora. Inochengetawo injini yakachena nekutakura zvigadzirwa zvinopisa uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa kune sefa yemafuta.
Mineral kana synthetic?
Parizvino, nekuomeswa kwemazinga e viscosity, mafuta akagadzirwa pahwaro hwemamineral base haakwanise kupa yakakwana viscosity index. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hadzisi mvura yakakwana patembiricha yakaderera, zvichiita kuti zviome kutanga injini uye nekumhanyisa kupfeka. Panguva imwecheteyo, havakwanisi kupa viscosity yakakwana pakushambidzika kwekushanda kwe100 - 150 degrees C. "Munyaya yeinjini dzakaiswa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, mineral oil haigoni kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya, izvo zvinokonzera kuora kwayo uye a kuderera kwakanyanya,” anodaro Robert Pujala weGroup Motoricus SA. "Injini dzakavakwa mumakore makumi manomwe kana makumi masere ezana remakore rapfuura hazvidi mafuta emhando yepamusoro uye anogutsikana zvachose nemafuta emamineral," anowedzera Puhala.
Pakati pemafungiro akakurumbira, munhu anogona kunzwa dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana kuti hazvibviri kuzadza injini nemafuta emaminerari kana yakamboshanda pakugadzira uye zvakasiyana. Mukutaura, hapana mutemo wakadaro, kunyanya kana mugadziri anopa mukana wekushandisa marudzi maviri ezvigadzirwa. Mukuita, zvakadaro, vatyairi vanofanirwa kuyambirwa kuti vasashandise mafuta emhando yepamusoro muinjini yakamboshandiswa pamafuta emamineral akachipa kwemakumi ezviuru zvemakiromita. Izvi zvinogona kugadzira yakawanda soot uye sludge iyo zvachose "yakagadzika" muinjini. Iko kushandiswa kamwe kamwe kwechigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro (kusanganisira yemhando yepamusoro yemafuta emaminerari) kunowanzo bvisa madhipoziti aya, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukudonha kweinjini kana mitsara yemafuta yakavharika, zvichikonzera kubatwa kweinjini. Ramba uchifunga izvi kunyanya kana uchitenga mota yakashandiswa! Kana isu tisina chokwadi kana muridzi wekare akashandisa mafuta akakodzera uye akachinja nenguva, chenjerera pakusarudza lubricant kuti urege kuipfuura.
Oil classifications - yakaoma mavara
Kune vatyairi vazhinji, zviratidzo pamabhodhoro emafuta emotokari hazvireve chero chinhu chaicho uye hazvinzwisisike. Saka sei kuvaverenga zvakarurama uye kunzwisisa chinangwa mafuta?
Viscosity classification
Inotarisa kukodzera kwechigadzirwa chakapihwa kune chaiwo mamiriro ekunze. Muchiratidzo, semuenzaniso: 5W40, nhamba "5" pamberi petsamba W (yechando) inoratidza viscosity iyo mafuta ichave nayo pane yakapihwa ambient tembiricha. Iyo yakadzikira kukosha kwayo, nekukurumidza mafuta anopararira kuburikidza neinjini mushure mekutyaira kwemangwanani, izvo zvinoderedza kupfeka pazvinhu nekuda kwekukweshana pasina kushandiswa kwekuzora. Nhamba ye "40" inoratidza kukodzera kwemafuta aya mumamiriro ekushanda aripo mujini, uye inotarirwa pahwaro hwekuongororwa kwema laboratory ye kinematic viscosity pa 100 ° C uye viscosity ine simba pa 150 ° C. Iyo yakaderera nhamba iyi, iyo injini inomhanya nyore, iyo inoderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Nekudaro, kukosha kwepamusoro kunoratidza kuti injini inogona kutakurwa zvakanyanya pasina njodzi yekumira. Kutevedzera zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwekutyaira kwekutyaira kunoda kushandiswa kwemafuta ane viscosity, semuenzaniso, 0W20 (semuenzaniso, mune ichangoburwa yeJapan budiriro).
Qualitative classification
Parizvino inonyanya kufarirwa muEurope ndeye ACEA mhando yemhando, iyo inotsiva iyo API yezvigadzirwa zvemusika weUS. ACEA inotsanangura mafuta nekuakamura kuita mapoka mana:
A - ye peturu injini dzemotokari nemavhani,
B - yeinjini dzedhiziri dzemota nemaminibuses (kunze kweayo ane chidimbu chefirita)
C - yeazvino peturu uye injini dzedhiziri dzine matatu-nzira inoshandura inoshandura.
uye particulate filters
E - kune inorema dizeli injini dzemarori.
Iko kushandiswa kweoiri ine chaiwo ma parameter kunowanzo kutsanangurwa nezviyero zvakatemwa nemotokari zvinonetsa zvinotsanangura izvo chaizvo zvinodikanwa zveiyo injini modhi yakapihwa. Kushandiswa kwemafuta ane viscosity yakasiyana pane yakatsanangurwa nemugadziri kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, kushanda kusina kunaka kwemayuniti anodzorwa ne hydraulically, senge mabhandi tensioners, uye zvinogonawo kukonzera kusashanda kwechikamu chekugadzirisa deactivation system yemasilinda ega (HEMI injini) . )
Zvigadzirwa zvinotsiva
Vagadziri vemota havaitise mhando yemafuta patiri, asi inokurudzira chete. Izvi hazvireve kuti zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvichave zvakaderera kana zvisina kufanira. Chigadzirwa chega chega chinosangana nezviyero, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa mubhuku rekushandisa remotokari kana mumabhuku akakosha evagadziri vemafuta, zvakakodzera, zvisinei nerudzi rwayo.
Kakawanda sei kaunoda kuchinja mafuta?
Oiri chinhu chinodyiwa uye ine mileage inopfeka uye inorasikirwa neiyo yekutanga zvivakwa. Ndicho chikonzero kuchinja kwayo nguva dzose kwakakosha zvikuru. Tinofanira kuita izvi kakawanda sei?
Kuwanda kwekutsiviwa kweiyi inonyanya kukosha "biological fluid" inotsanangurwa zvakanyanya nemugadziri wega wega. Zviyero zvemazuva ano zvakanyanya "zvakaoma", izvo zvinoshandiswa kuderedza kuwanda kwekushanya kune sevhisi, uye nekudaro kuderera kwemota. “Injini dzedzimwe mota dzinoda kutsiviwa, semuenzaniso 48 yega yega. makiromita. Nekudaro, aya ane tariro yekurudziro yakavakirwa pamamiriro akanaka ekutyaira, senge mota dzine mashoma anotanga pazuva. Kutyaira kwakaoma, guruva rakawanda kana nzendo pfupi muguta zvinoda kudzikiswa kwemacheki kusvika pa50%,” vanodaro Robert Puchala.
kubva kuboka reMotoricus SA
Vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vakatotanga kushandisa injini yekuchinja zviratidzi, uko iyo yekutsiva nguva inoverengerwa zvichibva pane akati wandei akajairika zvinhu zvine chekuita nekupfeka kwayo kunaka. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ushandise zvakanakisa zvinhu zveoiri. Rangarira kushandura sefa pese paunochinja oiri.
