Motokari dzemagetsi dzakasvibira sei?

Motokari dzemagetsi dzinowanzoonekwa semotokari dzinochengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Asi izvi ndezvechokwadi here kana kuti pane zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda?

Kutaura zvazviri, pane chikonzero chimwe chete nei motokari yemagetsi yakakura zvikuru uye ichave yakakosha: zvakatipoteredza. Sezvaunoziva, mota dzepeturu nedhiziri dzinoburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu. Zvinhu izvi zvinokuvadza kwete kuvanhu chete, asiwo kune nyika yatinogara. Pashure pezvose, maererano nemasayendisiti akawanda, hurumende uye masangano, mamiriro ekunze epasi redu ari kuchinja, muchidimbu nekuda kwezvinhu zvine chepfu kubva mumotokari dzepeturu nedhiziri.

Kubva pakuona kwehunhu, tinofanira kubvisa izvi zvinobuda. Vakawanda vanoona sei munyaya iyi semhinduro? Motokari yemagetsi. Mushure mezvose, motokari iyi haina utsi hunopisa, ndoda kubvisa utsi. Saka ivo vanoonekwa semotokari inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Asi mufananidzo uyu wakarurama here kana kuti chimwewo chinhu? Tichataura pamusoro peizvi munyaya ino. Tichaparadzanisa izvi muzvikamu zviviri, zvinoti kugadzira uye kutyaira kwemotokari yemagetsi.

Kugadzirwa

Chaizvoizvo, mota yemagetsi ine zvikamu zvishoma zvishoma maererano nemota pane mota yepeturu. Nokudaro, iwe unogona kufunga kuti motokari yemagetsi inogona kuunganidzwa nenzira ine ushamwari. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana ndezvechokwadi. Izvo zvese zvinosungirira mune chimwe chezvakakura uye zvinorema zvikamu zvemotokari yemagetsi: bhatiri.

Aya mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, anofananidzwa neayo ari mu-smartphone yako uye laptop, semuenzaniso, anogadzirwa neakasiyana simbi asingawanzo. Lithium, nickel uye cobalt inosanganisirwa mune yakadaro lithium ion bhatiri. Zvinhu izvi zvinocherwa zvakanyanya kubva mumigodhi, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwakawanda kwezvakatipoteredza. Mhando yakaipisisa yesimbi inogona kunge iri cobalt. Simbi iyi inonyanya kucherwa kuCongo, kubva kwainofanirwa kuendeswa kunyika dzinogadzira mabhatiri. Nenzira, kushandiswa kwevana kunoshandiswa mukubudiswa kwesimbi iyi.

Asi kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri emhoteredzo kunokuvadza zvakadii? Maererano nemushumo weInternational Council for Clean Transport (ICCT), inodhura 56 kusvika 494 kilograms ye CO2 kugadzira kWh imwe yebhatiri. Tesla Model 3 parizvino ine bhatiri rinokwana 75 kWh. Saka, maererano neICCT, kugadzirwa kweTesla Model 3 bhatiri kunodhura pakati pe4.200 ne37.050 2kg COXNUMX.

Knee

Izvi zvakakura range... Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inenge hafu ye CO2 emissions kubva mukugadzira maitiro ikozvino yakabatana nekushandiswa kwesimba. Munyika umo, semuenzaniso, simba remarasha rinoshandiswa kakawanda (China), iyo inodiwa CO2 inobuda ichave yakakwirira kupfuura munyika ine simba rakasvibira rakawanda, seFrance. Nokudaro, kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza kwemotokari kunonyanya kuenderana nekwakabva.

Nhamba dzakakwana dzinonakidza, asi zvinogona kunakidza kuenzanisa. Kana, munyaya iyi, enzanisa kugadzirwa kwemotokari yose yemagetsi nekugadzirwa kwemotokari yepetroli. Pane girafu mumushumo weICCT, asi nhamba chaidzo hadzizivikanwe. Iyo UK Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership yakaburitsa chirevo muna 2015 apo isu tinogona kufananidza zvinhu zvishoma.

Tsanangudzo yekutanga: LowCVP inoshandisa izwi rekuti CO2e. Izvi zvipfupi kune carbon dioxide yakaenzana. Munguva yekugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi, magasi akawanda emhepo anobudiswa munyika, imwe neimwe inobatsira kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze nenzira yaro. Panyaya ye CO2e, magasi aya akaiswa muboka pamwe chete uye mupiro wavo mukudziya kwepasi unoratidzwa mukubuda kwe CO2. Saka, iyi haisi chaiyo CO2 emissions, asi chingori chimiro chinoita kuti zvive nyore kuenzanisa zvinobuda. Izvi zvinotibvumira kuratidza kuti ndeipi motokari inogadzirwa nenzira inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza.

Zvakanaka, ngatienderere mberi kune nhamba. Zvinoenderana neLowCVP, mota yakajairwa peturu inodhura 5,6 matani eCO2-eq. Mota yedhiziri haizove yakasiyana zvakanyanya neizvi. Maererano ne data iyi, motokari yemagetsi yose inobudisa 8,8 tonnes ye CO2-eq. Saka, kugadzirwa kweBEV kwakashata ne57 muzana kune zvakatipoteredza kupfuura kugadzirwa kwemotokari yeICE. Nhau dzakanaka kune vanofarira peturu: mota nyowani yepeturu ine hushamwari hwakatipoteredza kupfuura mota nyowani yemagetsi. Kusvikira waita makiromita ekutanga.

Dhiraivha

Nekugadzirwa, hazvisi zvese zvinotaurwa. Kubatsira kwezvakatipoteredza kwemotokari yemagetsi ndeye, hongu, kutyaira-isina kubuda. Mushure mezvose, kushandura simba remagetsi rakachengetwa kuita kufamba (kuburikidza nemota yemagetsi) hazvikonzerese CO2 kana nitrogen emissions. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwesimba iri kunogona kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Nekusimbisa pachigaba.

Ngatitii une purazi remhepo uye denga rezuva mumba mako. Kana iwe ukabatanidza Tesla yako kwairi, iwe unogona zvechokwadi kutyaira yakanaka yemamiriro ekunze-yakarerekera. Zvinosuruvarisa, ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Matayi nemabhureki kupera zvicharamba zvichikanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Kunyange zvazvo zviri zvechokwadi nguva dzose zviri nani pane motokari ine mukati memoto injini.

Nekudaro, kana iwe ukadzvanya mota iyi mune mains, iyo inoenderera inoenderana neako anopa simba. Kana simba iri richibva kune gasi-rinopfurwa simba remagetsi, kana zvakatoipisisa, marasha-anopfurwa nemarasha, saka zviri pachena kuti uri kuita zvishoma zvakanaka kune zvakatipoteredza. Iwe unogona kutaura kuti uri "wakangoita" kuendesa mhepo inobuda kumagetsi emagetsi.

Makumi mana muzana

Kuti tiwane mufananidzo wakajeka wekubuda (kusina kunanga) kwemotokari yemagetsi, tinoda kutarisa tsvakiridzo kubva kuBloombergNEF, Bloomberg research platform. Vanoti kuburitswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi pari zvino kwakadzikira XNUMX muzana pane kwepeturu.

Maererano nepuratifomu, kunyange muChina, nyika ichiri kunyanya kutsamira pamagetsi emagetsi emarasha, kubudiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakaderera pane izvo zvepeturu. Sekureva kweUS Energy Information Administration, muna 2015, 72% yesimba reChina rakabva kumagetsi anopiswa nemarasha. Chirevo cheBloombergNEF chinopawo maonero akanaka pane ramangwana. Pamusoro pazvo, nyika dziri kuramba dzichiedza kuwana simba kubva kumatsime emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa. Nokudaro, mune ramangwana, kubudiswa kubva kumotokari dzemagetsi kunongoderera.

mhedziso

Mota dzemagetsi dziri nani kune zvakatipoteredza pane mota dzinopisa-injini, zviri pachena. Asi kusvika papi? Tesla iri nani kune zvakatipoteredza kupfuura Volkswagen? Zvakaoma kutaura. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Funga nezvemaitiro ekutyaira, mashandisirwo emagetsi, mota dzinofanirwa kufananidzwa ...

Tora Mazda MX-30. Iyo yemagetsi crossover ine zvishoma zvishoma 35,5 kWh bhatiri. Izvi zvinoda zvinhu zvishoma zvishoma pane, semuenzaniso, Tesla Model X ine 100 kWh bhatiri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, shanduko yeMazda ichave yakaderera nekuti simba shoma uye zvinhu zvaidiwa kugadzira mota. Kune rimwe divi, unogona kutyaira Tesla kwenguva refu pane imwe bhatiri charge, zvinoreva kuti ichafamba makiromita akawanda kupfuura Mazda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo Tesla yakanyanya kunaka kwezvakatipoteredza yakakura nekuti yakafamba makiromita akawanda.

Chii chimwe chinoda kutaurwa: mota yemagetsi inongove nani kune zvakatipoteredza mune ramangwana. Mukugadzira mabhatiri nekugadzirwa kwesimba, nyika inoramba ichifambira mberi. Funga nezve kudzokorodza mabhatiri nesimbi, kana kushandisa mamwe magetsi anovandudzwa zvakare. Motokari yemagetsi inenge yatova muzviitiko zvose zviri nani kune zvakatipoteredza kupfuura motokari ine injini inopisa mukati, asi mune ramangwana izvi zvichangowedzera kusimba.

Nekudaro, iyi inoramba iri nyaya inonakidza asi inonetsa. Neraki, iyi zvakare inyaya pamusoro peiyo yakawanda yakanyorwa uye yakaitwa. Unoda kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi? Semuenzaniso, tarisa vhidhiyo yeYouTube pazasi iyo inoenzanisa hupenyu hwese CO2 kuburitswa kweavhareji mota yemagetsi kune yehupenyu hwese CO2 kubuda kwemota yepeturu.