Nazario Sauro

Mabhoti eTorpedo erudzi rwePN, imwe yeakazotevedzana, akaverengerwa kubva pa64 kusvika 69. Zvikepe zvaiwanzoshandwa naSauro semutyairi wendege zvakada kufanana. Mifananidzo yaLucy

Iyo submarine Nazario Sauro, yakagara iri kushanda muMarina Militara, yanga iri imwe yenzvimbo dzekushanya kwemugungwa kuGenoa kubvira 2009 - yakamisikidzwa mudziva riri padyo neMaritime Museum (Galata Museo del mare), ndicho chiratidziro chikuru. Sechipiri muzvikepe zveItaly, ane zita uye surname yeasingazive akabatwa makore zana apfuura nekuda kwekusabudirira mishoni yekurwa, uye nekukurumidza akamira pachikafu.

Kusikwa kweUnited Kingdom yeItaly, yakaziviswa muna Kurume 1861, yaive nhanho yekuenda kukubatana kwakazara - muna 1866, nekuda kweimwe hondo neAustria, Venice yakabatana nayo, uye makore mana gare gare, kukundwa kweRoma kwakagumisa maPapa. States. Mukati memiganhu yenyika dzakavakidzana maive nenzvimbo diki kana hombe dzine vagari vaitaura chiItalian, dzinonzi "nyika dzisina rusununguko" (terreirdente). Vatsigiri vanosvika kure kwazvo vekubatana nenyika yavo vakafunga nezveCorsica neMalta, vechokwadi vakazviganhurira kune izvo zvinogona kutorwa kubva kuHabsburgs. Nezvekuwirirana kwemafungiro neRepublicans, shanduko yezvibvumirano (muna 4, Italy, maererano nekutorwa kweTunisia neFrance, yakagumisa chibvumirano chakavanzika neAustria-Hungary neGermany) uye zvishuvo zvekoloni zveRoma, avo vasingadi. akatanga kunetseka. Pasinei nekushayikwa kwerutsigiro kana zvibvumirano zvemapurisa kubva kuvanhu "vavo", vakanga vasina matambudziko akakomba ekuwana rubatsiro kune rumwe rutivi rwemuganhu, kunyanya muAdriatic. Havana kufamba kwemakore, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga chete yakawedzera Italy nemutengo weTrieste, Gorizia, Zara (Zadar), Fiume (Rijeka) uye Istrian peninsula. Panyaya yedunhu reNazario rekupedzisira, Sauro akave mufananidzo.

Kutanga kwenzira

Istria, peninsula hombe yeGungwa reAdriatic, yakaramba yakarebesa munhoroondo yayo yezvematongerwo enyika pasi pekutonga kweVenetian Republic - yekutanga, muna 1267, yaive chiteshi chengarava cheParenzo (yava kunzi Porec, Croatia), chichiteverwa nemamwe maguta. mahombekombe. Nzvimbo dzemukati dzakatenderedza Pazin yemazuvano (German: Mitterburg, Italian: Pisino) dzaive dzemadzishe eGerman feudal uyezve kuhumambo hweHabsburg. Pasi peChibvumirano cheCampio Formio (1797), uyezve semugumisiro wekudonha kweMambo weNapoleonic, peninsula yose yakapinda mairi. Sarudzo muna 1859 kuti Pola, iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweIstria, yaizova musimboti mukuru wezvikepe zveAustria, zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kwechiteshi chengarava (yakava nzvimbo huru yekuvaka ngarava) uye kutangwa kwekutakura njanji. Nokufamba kwenguva, kugadzirwa kwemarasha mumugodhi weko kwakawedzera zvakanyanya (mashaft ekutanga akacherwa mazana emakore apfuura), uye kushandiswa kwebauxite deposits kwakatanga. Zviremera muVienna saka zvakarambidza mukana wekutora kweItaly peninsula, vachiona vanobatana navo muCroatia neSlovenia verudzi, vachimiririra varombo vanobva kumaruwa, kunyanya kumabvazuva kwedunhu.

Gamba renyika remangwana rakazvarwa munaGunyana 20, 1880 muKapodistria (yava kunzi Koper, Slovenia), chiteshi chengarava muGulf of Trieste, pazasi penyika. Vabereki vake vaibva kumhuri dzakanga dzagara kuno kwemazana emakore. Baba vake, Giacomo, vaiva mutyairi wechikepe, saka mudzimai wake Anna aitarisira vana, uye kubva kwaari mwanakomana mumwe chete (vaivawo nemwanasikana) akanzwa pamukana wose kuti nyika yekumusha chaiyo inotanga kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweTrieste iri pedyo, iyo. , saIstria inofanira kuva chikamu cheItari.

Mushure mekupedza chikoro chepuraimari, Nazario akapinda chikoro chesekondari, asi aifarira nzendo dzechikepe kana mijaho yezvikepe kuti adzidze. Mushure mekujoinha Circolo Canottieri Libertas, kirabhu yemuno irredentist yekukwasva, maonero ake akave akanyanya uye zvimiro zvake zvakadzikira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Giacomo akasarudza kuti mwanakomana wake aizopedza zvidzidzo zvake mugiredhi rechipiri ndokutanga kushanda naye. Muna 1901, Nazario akava mutungamiriri uye akaroora, risati rapera gore akazova nemwana wake wekutanga, ainzi Nino, mukukudza mumwe.

nevamwe vaGaribaldi.

Mukupera kwa1905, mushure mekufamba nechikepe kuMediterranean kubva kuFrance kuenda kuTurkey, Sauro akapedza zvidzidzo zvake paNaval Academy yeTrieste, achipasa bvunzo dzekaputeni. Akanga ari "wokutanga shure kwaMwari" pazvikepe zviduku zvaibva kuCassiopeia kuenda kuSebeniko (Sibenik). Nguva yose iyi aigara achisangana nevasina kudzivirirwa muIstria, uye kufamba kwechikepe kuRavenna, Ancona, Bari neChioggia kwaiva mukana wekusangana nevaItaly. Akava Republican uye, akaodzwa mwoyo nekuramba kwemasocialists 'kurwa, akatanga kugovera maonero aGiuseppe Mazzini kuti kurwisana kukuru kusingadzivisiki kwaizoguma neEurope yemarudzi akasununguka uye akazvimiririra. Muna Chikunguru 1907, pamwe chete nedzimwe nhengo dzekirabhu yekukwasva, akaronga kuratidzwa kwegore regumi rekuzvarwa kwaGaribaldi, iro rakaitika muKapodistria uye, nekuda kwemasirogani akasimudzwa, zvaireva kurangwa kune vatori vechikamu. Kwemakore anoverengeka, kutanga muna 100, aine boka revanhu vaivimba naye, akaverevedza zvombo nezvombo zvevarwi vokuzvimirira muAlbania pazvikepe zvakasiyana-siyana. Mwana wake wokupedzisira, akaberekwa muna 1908, akagamuchira zita iri. Mazita evamwe, Anita (mushure memudzimai waGiuseppe Garibaldi), Libero naItalo, akamukawo mukutenda kwake:

Muna 1910, Sauro akave kaputeni weSan Giusto ferry pakati peCapodistria neTrieste. Makore matatu gare gare, gavhuna womunzvimbomo akarayira kuti masangano ehurumende namabhizinesi eIstria angokwanisa kushandisa vashandirwi vaFranz Josef I. vaifanira kubhadhara faindi uye vakanga vakadyiswa muna June 1914, uye vakamudzinga pabasa rake. Zvakakodzera kuwedzera pano kuti kubva paudiki, Nazario yaisiyaniswa nehutsinye hwehutsinye, huchichinja kuita manyawi, kuganhurana neAdventurism. Yakasanganiswa nekutaura kwake kwakananga uye mutauro usina kufanira, yaive musanganiswa unonyadzisa, wakangodzorwa zvishoma nekuzvishora kwekuseka, izvo zvakakanganisawo hukama hwake nevatungamiriri nevatungamiriri vemakwikwi ezvikepe mitsara.

Pakangotanga Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mukutanga kwaGunyana, Sauro akabva kuKapodistria. MuVenice, kwaakatamira nemwanakomana wake mukuru, akakurudzira kuti Italy itore rutivi rweEntente. Achishandisa mapasipoti enhema, iye naNino vakatorawo zvinyorwa zvekuparadzira kuTrieste ndokusora ikoko. Zviitwa zvehungwaru zvaive zvisiri zvitsva kwaari - makore mazhinji asati atamira kuVenice, akasangana nemutevedzeri wemumiriri weItaly, waakatumira ruzivo nezve mafambiro ezvikamu zvehumambo zvezvikepe uye nhare dziri pazvigadziko zvayo.

Lieutenant Sauro

Nguva pfupi pashure pokunge Nazario naNino vatamira kuVenice, mumatsutso a1914, zviremera muRoma, zvichizivisa kuda kwavo kuramba vasina kwavakarerekera, zvakatanga nhaurirano namapato airwisana kuti “azvitengese” zvinodhura sezvinobvira. Iyo Entente, ichishandisa hupfumi hwehupfumi, yakapa zvakawanda, uye muna Kubvumbi 26, 1915, chibvumirano chakavanzika chakasainwa muLondon, maererano neiyo Italy yaifanira kuenda kudivi rayo mukati memwedzi - mutengo waive chivimbiso chekuti mubatsiri mutsva aizoita. kuoneka mushure mehondo. tora, pakati pevamwe, Trieste naIstria.

Musi waMay 23, maItaly akachengeta chibvumirano chavo nekuzivisa hondo kuAustria-Hungary. Mazuva maviri izvi zvisati zvaitika, Sauro akazvipira kushanda muRoyal Navy (Regia Marina) uye akabva angogamuchirwa, akakwidziridzwa kuita lieutenant ndokuiswa muuto reVenetian. Akanga atotora chikamu mumabasa ekutanga ehondo semutyairi wemuparadzi Bersagliere, uyo, pamwe chete nemapatya ake Corazsiere, akafukidza Zeffiro apo yekupedzisira, maawa maviri mushure meusiku pakati pe23 / 24 May, akapinda mumvura yeGrado lagoon. kumadokero kweGulf of Trieste uye ipapo akatanga torpedo yakananga kumupendero wePorto Buzo, ndokupfura kudzimba dzenzvimbo dzemauto eumambo.