Chinangwa uye mhando dzemotokari vhiri kurongedza angles

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka uye kwakachengeteka, mugadziri akaverengera mavhiri ekumisikidza angles pamotokari yega yega.

Iyo geometry yekumiswa uye mavhiri inotsanangurwa uye inosimbiswa panguva yekuedzwa kwegungwa.

Basa rekugadzirisa mavhiri emakona

Nzvimbo yepakati yemavhiri inotsanangurwa nemugadziri inopa:

• Mhinduro yakakwana yemavhiri uye kumiswa kumasimba uye mitoro inoitika mumhando dzose dzekutyaira.
• Yakanaka uye inofanotaurwa kudzora kwemuchina, kuita kwakachengeteka kweakaoma uye akakwira-kumhanya maneuvers.
• Low kumhanya kuramba, kunyange kutsika kupfeka.
• Kushanda kwemafuta kwakanyanya, kuderera kwemari yekushandisa.

Mhando dzemakona ekuisa ekutanga

Zita	ekisero yemotokari	Kugona kugadzirisa	Chii chinoenderana neparameter
Camber angle	Mberi	Ehe, kunze kwekuenderera mberi dhiraivha maekisi uye inotsamira kumiswa.	Cornering kugadzikana uye kunyange kutsika kupfeka
	Kudzoka	Hongu, mune akawanda-link zvishandiso.
Toe angle	Mberi	Hongu, mumagadzirirwo ese.	Kururama kwenzira, kufanana kwekupfeka kwetai.
	Kudzoka	Inochinjika chete mu-multi-link thrusters
Lateral angle yekurerekera kweaxis yekutenderera	Mberi	Hapana kugadzirisa kwakapihwa.	Lateral kugadzikana mumajana.
Longitudinal angle yekurerekera kweaxis yekutenderera	Mberi	Zvichienderana nekugadzira.	Inofambisa kubuda kwekona, inochengetedza kutwasuka kwekufamba
Kutyoka bendekete	Mberi	Not regulated.	Inochengetedza gwara panguva yekufamba kwakadzikama uye mabhureki.

Kupunzika

Kona pakati pepakati pendege yevhiri nendege yakatwasuka. Inogona kuva isina kwayakarerekera, yakanaka uye isina kunaka.

• Positive camber - ndege yepakati yevhiri inotsauka kunze.
• Negative - gumbo rakarerekera kumuviri.

Iyo camber inofanira kunge yakaenzana, makona emavhiri eimwe axle anofanira kunge akafanana, zvikasadaro mota ichakweva yakananga kune yakakura camber.

Iyo inogadzirwa nenzvimbo ye semi-axle trunnion uye hub, mune yakazvimirira lever suspensions inodzorwa nenzvimbo ye transverse levers. MuMacPherson-mhando zvimiro, camber inotemerwa nenzvimbo yakabatana yeruwoko rwezasi uye shock absorber strut.

Mune yakareruka pivot-mhando kumiswa uye mune yakasimba axles ekirasi SUVs, camber haigadzirike uye inogadzika nedhizaini yezvitsigiro zvekutsikisa.

Neutral (zero) camber mune chassis yemotokari dzevafambi haisati yambowanikwa.

Negative camber suspensions yakajairika mukuvaka kwemitambo uye mota dzemujaho, izvo kugadzikana mukumhanya-mhanya kwakakosha.

Kutsauka kweiyo yakanaka camber angle kubva kukosha kwakapihwa nemugadziri mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu kunosanganisira zvakaipa mhedzisiro:

• Kuwedzera kwekamera kunokonzera kuti motokari ive isina kugadzikana pamabhendi, inotungamirira kukuwedzera kwekuputika kwetairi mumugwagwa wemugwagwa uye kukurumidza kupera kwemakumbo kunze.
• Kuderedza kudonha kunotungamirira kukusagadzikana kwemotokari, kumanikidzira mutyairi kuti agare achifambisa. Inoderedza kupokana kwekupoterera, asi inotungamirira kuwedzera kupfeka mukati mematairi.

Kutendeuka

Kona pakati peiyo longitudinal axis yemuchina uye ndege yekutenderera kwevhiri.

Ndege dzekutenderera dzemavhiri dzinosangana dzakanangana uye dzinopindirana pamberi pemota - iyo convergence yakanaka.

Mune zvinyorwa zvekushanda, kukosha kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuratidzwa mumadhigirii emakona kana mumamirimita. Muchiitiko ichi, chigunwe-mukati chinotsanangurwa semusiyano wezvinhambwe pakati pemadhishi marimu kumberi kwakanyanyisa uye kumashure kumashure pakureba kweakisi yekutenderera, uye inoverengerwa seavhareji kukosha zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yeviri kana. zviyero zvitatu kana muchina uchikunguruka panzvimbo yakati sandara. Usati waita zviyero, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana lateral runout yemadhisiki.

Pamabhenji, mavhiri epamberi anofamba achitevedza ma curve eradidhi akasiyana, saka zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti maconvergences avo ega akaenzana uye huwandu hahupfuure kukosha uye kushivirira kwakaiswa nemugadziri.

Pasinei nerudzi rwekumiswa, mavhiri anofambiswa emotokari dzevatakuri ane chigunwe chakanaka uye anotenderwa mukati nekuremekedza kune "mberi" nzira yekufamba.

Negative toe-in yerimwe kana ese mavhiri hazvibvumidzwe.

Kutsauka kwekusangana kubva kune yakagadziriswa kukosha kunoita kuti zviome kudzora mota uye kuichengeta panzira yekufamba panguva yekumhanya-mhanya. Kunze kwezvo:

• Kuderedza zvigunwe-mukati kunoderedza kutenderedza kuramba, asi kunowedzera traction.
• Kuwedzera convergence kunotungamira kukuwedzera lateral friction uye kukurumidza kupfeka kusaenzana kwekutsika.

Lateral angle yekurerekera kweaxis yekutenderera

Kona pakati pendege yakatwasuka neakisi yekutenderera kwevhiri.

Iyo axis yekutenderera kwemavhiri anotungamirwa inofanirwa kutungamirwa mukati memuchina. Pakutenderera, vhiri rekunze rinowanzosimudza muviri, ukuwo vhiri remukati richida kudzikisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mauto anogadzirwa mukumiswa kunopesana nemuviri roll uye kufambisa kudzoserwa kwemayuniti ekumisikidza kunzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera.

Iyo yakachinjika yekutenderera yematemo ekutungamirira inogadziriswa nekusunga chidhiraivho kune zvakamiswa zvinhu uye inogona kungochinja mushure mekunyanya kukanganisa, semuenzaniso, kana uchisvetuka-svetuka nedivi rinokanganisa padanho.

Misiyano mumakona ekutenderera kweaxles inoita kuti mota igare ichifamba kubva munzira yakatwasuka, ichimanikidza mutyairi kuti arambe achitungamira uye zvakanyanya.

Pitch Angle

Inowanikwa mundege yelongitudinal uye inoumbwa nemutsara wakatwasuka uye mutsara wakatwasuka unopfuura nepakati penzvimbo dzekutenderera kwevhiri.

Mutsara wekutenderera nzvimbo mune chinomisikidzwa chinomisikidzwa unopfuura nepakati pemabhora mabheji ezvitsigiro, muMacPherson mhando zvimiro kuburikidza nepamusoro uye nepasi pekubatanidza mapoinzi eiyo shock absorber strut, mune inotsamira danda kana inoenderera bhiriji - pamwe nemasanhu epivots.

Dzimwe nguva chiratidzo ichi chinonzi "castor".

Reference. Muchimiro cheiyo komputa vhiri alignment test stand, yakanyorwa muchiRussia "castor".

Iyo parameter kukosha inogona kuva:

• Positive, axis yekutenderera kwevhiri inotungamirirwa maererano nechekumira "kumashure".
• Negative, axis yekutenderera inotungamirirwa "mberi".

Mumotokari dzevatakuri dzakagadzirwa muUSSR neRussia uye mota dzekunze dzinotengeswa muRussian Federation, castor haina kukosha kwakashata.

Iine positive caster angles, poindi yekusangana kwevhiri nepasi iri kuseri kweakisi yekutungamirira. Masimba eparutivi anosimuka pakufamba kana vhiri richitenderedzwa rinowanzoridzorera panzvimbo yaro yepakutanga.

A positive castor ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pacamber mumakona uye inopa kuenzana nekudzikamisa masimba. Iyo yakakura kukosha kwekasitori, iyo huru iyi miitiro miviri.

Kuipa kwekumiswa nepositive castor kunosanganisira kuedza kukuru kunodiwa kutenderedza chidhiraivho chemota yakamira.

Chikonzero chekuchinja kwekasitori kunogona kunge kuri kudhumhana kwegumbo rine chipingamupinyi, motokari inowira mugomba kana gomba kune rumwe rutivi, kuderera kwevhu revhu nekuda kwekuderera kwezvitubu zvakasakara.

Run-in shoulder

Chinhambwe chiri pakati pendege yekutenderera kwevhiri redhiraivha uye axis yayo yekutenderera, yakayerwa pane inotsigira.

Inobata zvakananga kubata uye kugadzikana mukufamba.

Kutenderedza pfudzi - radius iyo iyo vhiri "inotenderera" yakatenderedza axis yekutenderera. Inogona kuva zero, yakanaka (inotungamirirwa "kunze") uye yakaipa (inotungamirirwa "mu").

Lever uye inomisikidzwa inomisikidzwa inogadzirwa ine yakanaka rolling bendekete. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uise mabhureki meshini, hinges yezvitsigiro uye matanda ekutungamirira mukati mevhiri dhisiki.

Zvakanakira zvivakwa zvine yakanaka rolling shoulder:

• Gumbo rinoitwa, kusunungura nzvimbo mukamuri yeinjini;
• Kushanda kwevhiri rekutyaira kunodzikiswa paunenge uchipaka sezvo vhiri rinotenderedza paaxis yechidhiraivho panzvimbo yekutenderera panzvimbo.

Kuipa kwezvigadziriso zvine mapendekete akanaka anotenderedza: kana rimwe remavhiri richirova chipingamupinyi, mabhureki kune rimwe divi anotadza kana vhiri rinoputsika, vhiri redhiraivha rinoburitswa kubva mumaoko emutyairi, iyo inotungamira trapezium yakakuvadzwa, uye pahigh speed mota inopinda muskid.

Kuti uderedze mukana wemamiriro ane njodzi, zvivakwa zveMacPherson mhando, ine zero kana isina kunaka inotenderedza pfudzi, bvumira.

Paunosarudza madhisiki asiri efekitari, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezve parameter inokurudzirwa nemugadziri, kutanga kwezvose, iyo inogadziriswa. Kuisa madhisiki akafara nekuwedzera kusvika kunoshandura rollover fudzi, izvo zvinokanganisa kubata uye kuchengetedzwa kwemuchina.

Kushandura maangles ekuisa uye kugadzirisa

Nzvimbo yemavhiri inoenderana nemuviri inoshanduka sezvo nhengo dzakamiswa dzinopera, uye dzinoda kudzoserwa mushure mekutsiva majoini ebhora, zvidhinha zvinyararire, zvidhiraivho, struts uye zvitubu.

Inokurudzirwa kusanganisa diagnostics uye kugadziridzwa kwechassis geometry nekugadzirisa nguva dzose, pasina kumirira malfunctions kuti "akambaire" ivo pachavo.

Iko kusanganiswa kunogadziriswa nekushandura kureba kwematanda ekutungamirira. Camber - nekuwedzera uye kubvisa shims, kutenderera eccentrics kana "kurambana" mabhaudhi.

Kugadziriswa kweCastor kunowanikwa mune zvisingawanzo dhizaini uye kunouya pasi pakubvisa kana kuisa shim dzehukobvu hwakasiyana.

Kudzoreredza maparamendi akaiswa muchimiro uye, pamwe, akachinjwa nekuda kwetsaona kana tsaona, zvingave zvakafanira kupatsanura zvachose kumiswa nekuyerwa uye kugadzirisa dambudziko rechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye chikamu uye tarisa iwo makuru mareferenzi mapoinzi. muviri wemotokari.