Chinangwa cheinjini inokwira mumotokari uye nheyo yayo yekushanda

Musanganiswa wakaoma wemitoro unoshanda pane inoshanda simba unit ye ​​chero mota:

• Maitiro kubva pakufambiswa kwe torque kumavhiri ekutyaira;
• Horizontal masimba panguva yekutanga, yakaoma braking uye clutch kushanda;
• Mitoro yakatwasuka paunenge uchityaira pamusoro pemapundu;
• Vibration vibrations, simba uye kuwanda kweiyo inoshanduka zvichienderana nekumhanya kwe crankshaft;
• Yake huremu hweinjini yakaunganidzwa negearbox.

Chikamu chikuru chemutoro chinotorwa nechimiro (muviri) wemotokari.

High-frequency vibrations yezvinonzwika frequencies inopinda mucabin, ichivhiringidza kunyaradzwa kwemutyairi nevafambi. Low-frequency vibrations inonzwika neganda nemuviri, izvo zvakare zvisingawedzereki kune rwendo.

Varidzi vemotokari vanonetsekana nekushanduka kweinzwi nekuisa yakawedzera ruzha insulation.

Chete injini inokwirisa inogona kupfava uye kudzvanyirira yakaderera-frequency vibrations.

Mabasa makuru einjini inokwira

Zvitsigiro (mapiro) ndiwo nodes iyo injini negiya bhokisi zvakamisikidzwa kune furemu, subframe kana muviri wemotokari.

Simba remagetsi rinotsigira rakagadzirirwa kushanda kwenguva refu nekuvimbika kwepamusoro uye kupfeka kushoma.

Zvimiro, mazhinji ezvitsigiro ane muviri wakagadzirwa simbi ine elastic zvinhu zvakaiswa mukati izvo zvinotora vibrations uye kunyorovesa kuvhunduka. Iwo anochinjika uye akareba masimba anoshanda pachikamu chesimba anonzwisiswa neiyo piro dhizaini.

Mabasa makuru einjini inokwirisa:

• Deredza kana kudzima zvachose kuvhunduka uye mamwe mitoro pamagetsi emagetsi anoitika kana mota ichifamba;
• Zvinobudirira kuderedza vibration uye manzwi anogadzirwa neinjini inomhanya uye inopinda mukati memotokari yemukati;
• Bvisa kufamba kwesimba remagetsi uye, nekudaro, kuderedza kupfekedzwa kwemayuniti ekutyaira (cardan drive) uye mota pachayo.

Nhamba uye nzvimbo yemakomo enjini

Iyo torque inogadzirwa nemota, maererano nemitemo ye kinematics, inoshandura mota ichienda kune yakatarisana nekutenderera kwe crankshaft uye flywheel. Naizvozvo, kune rumwe rutivi rweinjini, zvitsigiso zvaro zvinowedzera kushanda mukumanikidza, kune rumwe rutivi, mukushushikana. Kuita kwezvitsigiro kana muchina uchifamba nenhendeshure hauchinji.

• Mumotokari dzine urongwa hwehurefu hwechikwata chemagetsi, zvitsigiro zvina zvakaderera (mapiro) anoshandiswa. Mabhureki einjini anonamirwa kune maviri emberi ezvitsigiro, uye giya bhokisi rinozorora pairi kumashure. Ese mana anotsigira emota dzemafuremu ndeemwe dhizaini.

Pamhando dzine muviri wemonocoque, injini ine gearbox yakaiswa pane subframe, saka magiya bhokisi cushions anogona kusiyana kubva kune injini inokwirisa.

• Muhuwandu hwakawanda hwemotokari dzemberi-mavhiri, injini ine gearbox yakasungirirwa pamatsigiro matatu, ayo maviri ezasi anogara pane subframe uye yechitatu, yepamusoro, yakamiswa.

Iro cushion repamusoro rakagadzirwa zvakasiyana kubva kune rezasi.

Mumagadzirirwo ese, pakati peiyo subframe nenhengo dzeparutivi dzemuviri, elastic rubber zvinhu zvinoiswa zvinotora vibration.

Iwe unogona kutarisa mamiriro uye kuongorora matsigiro emagetsi emagetsi nekusimudza mota painosimudza kana kushandisa gomba rekuona. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kubvisa injini yekudzivirira.

Rutsigiro rwepamusoro runowanikwa kuti ruongororwe kubva pasi pehodhi. Kakawanda, kuti uongorore kutsigirwa kwepamusoro, unoda kubvisa plastiki casing yejini uye zvimwe zvezvikamu zvayo uye kunyange magungano, akadai semhepo duct kana jenareta.

Mhando yemagetsi unit inotsigira

Kune yega yega modhi, automaker vanosarudza powertrain mounts neakanakisa kuita zvivakwa. Yese samples inoedzwa pazvimire uye panguva chaiyo yegungwa miedzo. Iyo yakaunganidzwa ruzivo rwehukuru-hukuru hwekugadzira inobvumira kwemakore kushandisa mapiro eiyo dhizaini mumichina inogadzirwa pamapuratifomu akajairwa.

Ese mapiro (zvitsigiro) emotokari dzemazuva ano anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri nedhizaini:

1. Rubber-simbi. Ivo vakashongedzerwa dzinenge dzese misa uye bhajeti mota.
2. Hydraulic. Iwo anoshandiswa mumotokari dzepamusoro uye premium makirasi. Uyezve, ivo vakakamurwa kuva:

• kungoita, nekuita nguva dzose;
• inoshanda, kana inotungamirwa, ine zvinhu zvinoshanduka.

Iyo injini yekukwira inorongwa uye inoshanda sei

Zvose zvinotsigira (mapiro), pasinei nekugadzirwa kwavo, zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvakachengeteka simba remagetsi maererano nechimiro (muviri) wemotokari, kutora kana kuderedza mitoro yakasiyana-siyana uye kudengenyeka kune zvakakosha zvinogamuchirwa.

Rubber-simbi zvinotsigira zviri nyore mukugadzira. Pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvesimbi pane maviri elastic ekuisa akagadzirwa nerabha (synthetic rubber). Bhoti (stud) inopfuura neaxis yerutsigiro, ichisunga injini kune subframe uye kugadzira simba rekutanga mutsigiro.

Mune rubber-metal bearings, panogona kunge kune akati wandei erubha zvinhu zve elasticity zvakasiyana, zvakaparadzaniswa nesimbi washers-spacers. Dzimwe nguva, kuwedzera kune elastic liners, chitubu chinoiswa mutsigiro, icho chinoderedza kudengenyeka kwepamusoro-frequency.

Mumotokari dzemujaho wemitambo, uko zvinodikanwa zvekunyaradza uye kuvharirwa kwezwi zvinodzikiswa, polyurethane pillow inserts inoshandiswa, iyo yakanyanya kuomarara uye isingapfeki.

Anenge ese erubha-simbi anotsigira anodonha, chero chikamu chakasakara chinogona kutsiviwa.

Kupararira kwakakura kwezvitsigiro zvinoputika zvine elastic liners zvinotsanangurwa neyakapfava yavo mudziyo, kuchengetedza uye yakaderera mutengo.

Hydraulic bearings inonyorovesa dzinenge marudzi ese emitoro uye vibrations muinjini-muviri system.

Chitubu-chakaremerwa piston chakaiswa mucylindrical body ye hydraulic support yakazadzwa nemvura inoshanda. Iyo piston tsvimbo inogadziriswa pamagetsi emagetsi, cylinder inoshanda yerutsigiro inoiswa pane subframe yemuviri.Kana piston inofamba, mvura inoshanda inoyerera ichibva kune imwe cylinder cavity kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza nemavharuvhu nemaburi mupiston. Kuoma kwezvitubu uye yakaverengerwa viscosity yemvura inoshanda inobvumira tsigiro kunyorovesa kunyorovesa kumanikidza uye kusimba masimba.

Mune inoshanda (inodzorwa) hydromount, diaphragm inoiswa iyo inoshandura vhoriyamu yemvura mugomba rezasi re cylinder uye, maererano, nguva uye nekumhanya kwekuyerera kwayo, iyo iyo elastic zvimiro zve hydromount zvinoenderana.

Active hydraulic inotsigira inosiyana nenzira yavanodzorwa:

• Mechanical. Nekuchinja pane panhizha, mutyairi anodzora nemaoko nzvimbo ye diaphragms mumatsigiro, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekutyaira uye mitoro pamagetsi emagetsi.
• Electronic. Uwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa uye kufamba kwemadiaphragms mumakumbo ekushanda, i.e. iyo rigidity ye hydraulic bearings inodzorwa neiyo onboard processor, inogamuchira chiratidzo kubva kune inomhanya sensor.

Hydrosupports yakaoma mukugadzira. Kuvimbika kwavo uye kusimba kunoenderana nekusagadzikana kwezvinhu zvemvura inoshanda, kunaka kwezvikamu, mavharuvhu, zvisimbiso uye zvindori.

Kuvandudzwa kwemichina yemazuva ano kwakakonzera kubuda kwemhando itsva ye hydraulic bearings - ine simba rekutonga.

Iyo inoshanda mvura mu dynamic hydromounts kuparadzirwa kwe microparticles yemagnetic metals. Iyo viscosity yemagnetic inoshanda fluid inoshanduka pasi pesimba remagetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa neakakosha mamhepo. Iyo pa-board processor, inodzora mamiriro ekutyaira emota, inodzora viscosity yeiyo magineti fluid, ichichinja elastic zvimiro zveinjini inoshanduka hydraulic mounts kubva pakakwirira kusvika zero.

Dynamically controlled hydraulic mounts zvakaoma uye zvinodhura zvigadzirwa kugadzira. Ivo vakashongedzerwa nemhando yepamusoro mota, iyo nyaradzo uye kuvimbika uko mutengi anoita zvinodiwa zvakanyanya.

Vese vagadziri vemazuva ano vanoedza kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwemota panguva yewaranti nekugadzirisa zvinogoneka chete panzvimbo yebasa yepamutemo. Chishuvo chekururamisa kukwira kwemitengo nekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvakakonzera kutamiswa kwerabha-simbi injini inokwirisa neiyo hydraulic yemarudzi ese, ayo ari kutotsiviwa neayo hydrodynamic.

Muridzi wemotokari itsva, uyo anotarisira kutasva nguva yose yewaranti pasina matambudziko nekugadzirisa, anongosungirwa kutyaira motokari nokungwarira uye nokungwarira.

Vese vatyairi vanoda kutyaira mota inoshanda havakurudzirwe kutevedzera zvirevo senge "Kubva panzvimbo yechitatu - asphalt kuenda kune accordion", "More kumhanya - mashoma maburi".