Chinangwa, mhando uye dhizaini yemafirita emafuta

Tsvina mumafuta inobva kupi?

Zvekare uchishanyira chiteshi chepeturu, verenga "zvitupa zvemhando" zvinoratidzwa pahwindo rekubuda.

Gasoline AI-95 "Ekto plus" inoonekwa seyemhando yepamusoro kana isina inopfuura 50 mg / l ye resin, uye mushure mekubuda kwayo, iyo yakaoma yakasara (kusvibiswa?) haipfuure 2%.

Nemafuta edhiziri, zvakare, hazvisi zvese zvakatsetseka. Inobvumira mvura kusvika 200 mg/kg, kusvibiswa kwese 24 mg/kg uye sediment 25 g/m.³.

Usati wapinda mutangi yemotokari yako, mafuta aidzokororwa pamusoro, akadururwa mumidziyo yakasiyana, akaendeswa kunzvimbo yemafuta, akapomba zvakare uye otakurwa. Yakawanda sei guruva, unyoro uye "zvakajairwa zvinosvibisa" zvakapinda mairi panguva idzi maitiro, chete mafirita emafuta anoziva.

Dhizaini nemhando

Mutsara wemafuta weinjini chero ipi zvayo unotanga nemafuta ekudyara ane coarse mesh sefa (inozotevera CSF) yakaiswa pazasi chaipo petangi remafuta.

Kupfuurirazve, zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini - carburetor, jekiseni peturu kana dhiziri, munzira kubva kutangi kuenda kune pombi yemafuta, mafuta anoenda kuburikidza akati wandei mamwe matanho ekunatswa.

Mafuta ekutora uye mamodule emafuta ane CSF ari pazasi chaipo petangi.

CSF injini dzedhiziri dzakaiswa pafuremu kana pasi pemuviri wemotokari. Fine mafirita (FTO) emarudzi ese einjini - mukamuri reinjini.

Kuchenesa kunaka

• Mesh peturu inlets inoteya zvimedu zvakakura kupfuura 100 microns (0,1 mm).
• Coarse mafirita - akakura kupfuura 50-60 microns.
• PTO ye carburetor injini - 20-30 microns.
• PTO yemajekiseni mota - 10-15 microns.
• Iyo PTF yeinjini dzedhiziri, iyo inonyanya kudiwa maererano nekuchena kwemafuta, inogona kuvharidzira kunze zvidimbu zvakakura kupfuura 2-3 microns.

Kune dhiziri PTF ine screening kuchena kwe1-1,5 microns.

Sefa maketeni emidziyo yekuchenesa yakanaka anonyanya kugadzirwa neselulosi fiber. Zvinhu zvakadaro dzimwe nguva zvinonzi "mapepa ezvinyorwa", zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kugadzira.

Iyo isina kuenzana chimiro che cellulose fibers ndicho chikonzero chekusiyana kwekupenya kwe "pepa" keteni. Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chefibers chakakura kudarika mapeji pakati pavo, izvi zvinoderedza "tsvina simba" uye inowedzera hydraulic resistance yefirita.

Maketeni emhando yepamusoro-soro anogadzirwa kubva ku polyamide fibrous material.

Chidzitiro chekusefa chinoiswa mumuviri senge accordion ("nyeredzi"), inopa nzvimbo yakakura yekusefa ine diki diki.

Mamwe maPTO emazuva ano ane akawanda-layer keteni rekusiyana-siyana permeability, richidzikira munzira yekuyerera kwepakati. Inoratidzwa nekumaka "3D" pane iyo kesi.

PTOs ane spiral stacking yemasefa maketeni akajairika. Separators akaiswa pakati pekutendeuka kwe spiral. Spiral PTOs inoratidzirwa nekugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye kuchenesa mhando. Chavanotadza chikuru ndechekudhura kwavo.

Zvimiro zvefiltration masisitimu emhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini

Mafuta ekuchenesa masisitimu einjini dzepeturu

Mune magetsi emagetsi system ye carburetor mota, mushure megidhi mutangi regesi, sump sefa inoiswawo mumutsara. Mushure mazvo, mafuta anopinda nepakati pemambure mupombi yemafuta, iyo yakanaka sefa (FTO) uye mesh mu carburetor.

Mune injini dzejekiseni peturu, iyo yehuni yekudyara, yakaoma uye yepakati mafirita anosanganiswa nepombi mune yemafuta module. Mutsara wekupa unopera pasi pehodhi nePTO huru.

Masefa akakora

CSF mafuta ekudyara anodonha, akagadzirwa nendarira mesh pane yakaoma furemu.

Submersible mafuta module mafirita anoumbwa kubva maviri kana matatu akaturikidzana e polyamide mesh, achipa yakakasharara uye yepakati peturu yekuchenesa. Iyo mesh element haigone kugezwa kana kucheneswa uye, kana yakasvibiswa, inotsiviwa neitsva.

FGO-settlers inodonha. Iyo cylindrical filter element yakaiswa musimbi imba inogadzirwa nendarira mesh kana seti yemapuleti ane perforated, dzimwe nguva e porous ceramics. Muchikamu chezasi chemuviri pane chivharo chine threaded yekudhonza sediment.

Sump mafirita einjini ye carburetor akaiswa pafuremu kana pasi pemuviri wemotokari.

Fine filters

Mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, mafirita emhando iyi akaiswa pasi pehood. FTO carburetor mota - isinga patsanurwe, mune yakajeka purasitiki kesi inogona kumira kumanikidza kusvika 2 bar. Kubatanidza kune hoses, mapaipi maviri ebazi anoumbwa pamuviri. Kwairi kunoyerera kunoratidzwa nemuseve.

Iyo dhigirii yekusvibiswa - uye kudiwa kwekutsiva - iri nyore kuona neruvara rweinooneka sefa chinhu.

Iyo PTO yeinjini yejekiseni peturu inoshanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kusvika ku10 bar, ine cylindrical simbi kana aluminium muviri. Chivharo cheimba chakaumbwa kana kugadzirwa nepurasitiki yakasimba. Davi mapaipi simbi, nhungamiro yerukova inotarwa pachivharo. Yechitatu pombi yebazi, yakaiswa muvharo, inobatanidza firiji nevhavha yekuderedza (kupfachukira), iyo inorasa mafuta akawandisa mu "kudzoka".

Chigadzirwa hachina kupatsanurwa kana kugadziriswa.

Kuchenesa masisitimu einjini dzedhiziri

Mafuta anodyisa injini ye dizeli, mushure megridhi mu tangi, inopfuura neCSF-sump, separator-water separator, FTO, grid yepombi yepasi-pasi uye pombi yepamusoro.

Mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, mafuta ekudyara anoiswa pazasi petangi, CSF, separator uye FTO iri pasi pehodhi. Mumarori edhiziri nematirakita, ese matatu maturusi akaiswa pafuremu muchikamu chakafanana.

Iyo plunger pairs yepasi-pressure booster pump uye high-pressure fuel pump, pamwe chete nespray nozzles yeinjini dzedizeli, inonyatsonzwa kune chero kusvibiswa kwemafuta uye kuvapo kwemvura mairi.

Iyo ingress yeakasimba abrasive particles mumakapu chaiwo eplunger pairs anoita kuti iwo awedzere kupfeka, mvura inosuka iyo lubricant firimu uye inogona kukonzera scuffing ye friction surface.

Mhando dzemasefa emafuta edhiziri

Iyo mesh yehuni yekudyara ndeyendarira kana purasitiki, inochengetedza tsvina yakakura kupfuura 100 microns. Iyo mesh inogona kutsiviwa kana tangi yavhurwa.

Diesel coarse filter

Midziyo yese yemazuva ano inogondeka. Sefa zvikamu zvinosvibisa zve50 kana kudarika mamicrons. Chinhu chinotsiviwa (girazi) chine "bepa" keteni kana kubva kune akati wandei akaturikidzana epurasitiki mesh.

Kuparadzanisa mvura

Inononoka uye inodzikamisa kuyerera kwehuni, ichiparadzanisa mvura iri mairi. Muchidimbu inobvisa tsvina ine particle size inopfuura 30 microns (ngura yakaturikwa mumvura). Iyo yakagadzirwa inoputika, inokubvumira kubvisa labyrinth-disk mvura separator yekuchenesa.

Fine firita

Yakanyanya dhigirii yekusefa, inochengetedza zvimedu zvakanaka kubva pa2 kusvika ku5 microns.

Chigadzirwa chacho chinoputika, chine imba inobviswa. Girazi rinobviswa remidziyo yemazuva ano ine polyamide fiber curtain.

Makesi anobviswa anogadzirwa nesimbi. Dzimwe nguva purasitiki inogadzika yakajeka inoshandiswa sechinhu chemuviri. Pasi pechinhu chinotsiviwa (kapu) pane kamuri yekuunganidzira sludge, umo inodhiraivha plug kana valve yakaiswa. Chivharo cheimba ndeye light-alloy, cast.

Mumotokari "dzakanaka", dunhu rekutarisa mamiriro esefa rinopihwa. Iyo sensor, iyo inokonzeresa kana kamuri yazadzwa, inobatidza mwenje mutsvuku wekutonga pane dashboard.

Pakutonhora kwakadzika, paraffinic hydrocarbons yakanyungudutswa mumafuta edhiziri inokora uye, sejelly, inovhara machira ezvesefa zvinhu, kudzivirira kuyerera kwemafuta uye kumisa injini.

Mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzedhiziri, midziyo yekusefa uye yekuparadzanisa mvura inoiswa mukamuri yeinjini kana muchikamu chimwe chete pafuremu, inopisa neantifreeze kubva kune inotonhorera system.

Kuti udzivise "kutonhora" kwemafuta edhiziri, magetsi thermoelements anoshanda kubva pa-on-board network anogona kuiswa pane tangi yemafuta.

Maitiro ekuisa uye kusefa sosi

Inokurudzirwa kuongorora uye kugeza magidhi ekutora mafuta uye CSF-sump pane chero kuvhurwa kwetangi remafuta. Kerosene kana solvent inogona kushandiswa pakutsvaira. Mushure mekugeza, bvisa zvikamu nemhepo yakamanikidzwa.

Mafirita anoraswa e carburetor unit anotsiviwa ega ega zviuru gumi zvemakiromita.

Zvimwe zvese zvekusefa kana zvinhu zvinotsiviwa zvinoshandurwa "ne mileage" zvinoenderana nemirairo yekufambisa kwemotokari.

Kusimba kwechigadzirwa kunoenderana nemhando yemafuta anoshandiswa.

Mhosva iri pachena inobatsira kuongororwa. Kana iyo yechinyakare yero ruvara rweketeni yachinja kuita dema, haufanirwe kumirira iyo yakakurudzirwa nguva, iwe unofanirwa kushandura chinhu chinobviswa.

Kana uchitsiva chero mafirita emafuta, machubhu anogona kubviswa kana hosi dzinofanirwa kuvharwa nemapulagi echinguvana kudzivirira mweya kupinda muhurongwa. Kana wapedza basa, pomba mutsara nechishandiso chemaoko.

Paunenge uchitsiva iyo inoputika sefa element, iyo yakabviswa imba inofanirwa kushambidzwa uye kupeperetswa kubva mukati. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinofanira kuitwa neimba yekuparadzanisa. Mvura inoparadzanisa mvura inobviswa kubva mairi inoshambidzwa zvakasiyana.

Nzira yekuisa chidzitiro chesefa, "nyeredzi" kana "spiral", inosarudza kunaka kwekuchenesa, kwete hupenyu hwebasa hwechigadzirwa.

Zviratidzo zvekunze zvemafirita akavharika akafanana nekumwe kusashanda kwemafuta system zvikamu:

• Injini haigadziri simba rakazara, nehusimbe inopindirana nekutsikirira kwakapinza kweiyo accelerator pedal.
• Idling haina kugadzikana, iyo "injini" inovavarira kumira.
• Padhiziri, pasi pemitoro inorema, utsi hutema hunobuda mupombi yepombi.