Bhatiri harichaji

kana bhatiri harichaji, iyo yatova nemakore anopfuura 5-7, zvino mhinduro kumubvunzo: - "nei?” nhema kazhinji pamusoro. Mushure mezvose, chero bhatiri rine hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi uye nekufamba kwenguva inorasikirwa nemamwe ekutanga maitiro ekuita. Asi zvakadini kana bhatiri risina kushanda kupfuura makore maviri kana matatu, kana kunyange zvishoma? Ndokutsvagira kupi zvikonzero Sei bhatiri risingachaji? Uyezve, mamiriro aya haaoneki chete kana uchichaja kubva kune jenareta mumotokari, asi kunyange painozadzikiswa nejaja. Mhinduro dzinoda kutsvakwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu nekuita macheki akatevedzana zvichiteverwa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko.

Kazhinji, unogona kutarisira 5 zvikonzero zvakakosha zvinozviratidza mumamiriro masere akasiyana:

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu	Zvekugadzira
Oxidized terminals	Geza wozora mafuta anokosha
Bhandi rekuchinjanisa rakatyoka/rakasununguka	Tambanudza kana kuchinja
Zambuko rakaputsika diode	Shandura imwe kana ese diode
Yakaremara voltage regulator	Tsiva mabhurashi egraphite uye regulator pachayo
kuyerera kwakadzika	Wedzera voltage yekuchaja kana kuita polarity reversal
Kuwanda kwe electrolyte kusina kunaka	Tarisa uye uuye kune yaunoda kukosha
Sulfation yemahwendefa	Ita polarity reversal, uyezve akati wandei kutenderera kwekuchaja / kuburitsa nediki ikozvino
Imwe yemakani yakavharwa	Zviito zvekudzorera bhatiri rine chikanganiso chakadaro hachibatsiri

Zvikonzero zvikuru zvinoita kuti bhatiri rirege kubhadharisa

kuitira kuti ubate zvakadzama nezvese zvinokwanisika kusashanda nekuda kwekuti bhatiri remota haisi kubhadharisa, kutanga, tsanangura mamiriro acho zvakajeka:

bhatiri rinodonha uye rinopera nekukurumidza

kana iye

kusabhadharisa zvachose (haabvumi kubhadhariswa)

Kazhinji, kana bhatiri richiramba kuchaja, zvinotevera zvinobvumidzwa:

• plate sulfation;
• kuparadzwa kwemahwendefa;
• oxidation yezviteshi;
• kuderera kwe electrolyte density;
• kuvhara.

Asi iwe haufanirwe kunetseka zvakanyanya ipapo, zvese hazvisi nguva dzose zvakanyanya kuipa, kunyanya kana dambudziko rakadaro rakamuka uchityaira (yebheti tsvuku masaini). Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zviitiko zvakakosha umo bhatiri remuchina haritore mutero chete kubva kune jenareta kana kubva kune charger zvakare.

Ndapota cherechedza kuti dzimwe nguva bhatiri, kunyange zvazvo rakazara zvakakwana, rinogara pasi nokukurumidza zvikuru. Ipapo chikonzero chinogona kuvanzwa kwete chete mukukundikana kwayo, asi kunyanya nekuda kwekudonha kwazvino! Izvi zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza ne: zviyero zvisina kudzimwa, mwenje wemukati kana vamwe vatengi uye nekusaonana zvakanaka pamaterminal.

Kune huwandu hwemidziyo yekunze mumotokari yebhatiri yekuchaja system, iyo inogonawo kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwebhatiri pachayo uye nzira yekuchaja. kuitira kuti utarise zvese zvekunze zvishandiso, iwe uchada multimeter (tester), iyo ichakubvumidza iwe kuyera voltage pamabheteri terminals pasi pemaitiro akasiyana ekushandisa einjini yekupisa mukati. Uye iwe zvakare uchafanirwa kutarisa jenareta. Asi izvi ndezvechokwadi chete kana bhatiri risingadi kubhadharwa kubva kujenareta. Kana bhatiri risingatori mutero kubva pajaja, saka zvinodikanwawo kuva ne hydrometer kutarisa kuwanda kwe electrolyte.

Unoziva sei kuti bhatiri harisi kuchaja?

Bhatiri harichaji kubva kune alternator. Chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti bhatiri harisi kubhadhariswa mwenje webhatiri rinopisa! Uye kuti uve nechokwadi cheizvi, unogona kutarisa voltage yebhatiri. Nzvimbo dzebhatiri dzinofanirwa kunge dzine 12,5 ... 12,7 V. Kana injini yemoto yemukati inotanga, magetsi achakwira kusvika ku13,5 ... 14,5 V. Nevatengi vakabatidzwa uye injini yemoto yemukati ichimhanya, kuverenga kwevoltmeter kunowanzosvetuka kubva. 13,8 kusvika 14,3 ,14,6V. Kusavapo kwekuchinja pane voltmeter kuratidza kana iyo chiratidzo ichipfuura XNUMXV inoratidza kuparara kwejenareta.

Kana alternator ichimhanya asi isingachaji bhatiri, chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri mubhatiri pacharo. Zviri pachena kuti yakabudiswa zvachose, iyo inonzi "kusvika zero", ipapo magetsi ari pasi pe11V. Zero charge inogona kuitika nekuda kwe sulfation yemahwendefa. Kana iyo sulfation isingakoshi, unogona kuedza kuibvisa. Uye edza kuichaja nechaja.

Kunzwisisa sei bhatiri harisi kuchaja kubva mujaja? Kana bhatiri rakabatana nechaja, humbowo hwekuti rachajiwa zvakazara ndiyo inogara ichichinja voltage pamaterminals uye kusvetuka kwevoltage kana zviratidzo zvazvino pane dial yemudziyo. Kana mhosva ikasaenda, ipapo hapana shanduko. Kana pasina kubhadharisa bhatiri kubva kuOrion type charger (ine chete zviratidzi), zvinogoneka kazhinji kuona ruzha uye kupenya kusingawanzo kwe "current" girobhu.

Bhatiri remota harisi kuchajwa nealternator. Sei?

Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika kana bhatiri isiri kuchaja kubva kujenareta ndeiyi:

1. Oxidation yebhatiri terminals;
2. Kutambanudza kana kuputsika kwebhanhire rinoshandura;
3. Oxidation yewaya pane jenareta kana pasi pemotokari;
4. Kukundikana kwe diode, voltage regulator kana mabhurashi;
5. Sulfation yemahwendefa.

Nekuda kwei, bhatiri rinogona kusachajwa kubva pachaja

zvikonzero zvakakosha nekuda kwekuti bhatiri remota haridi kubhadhariswa kwete kubva kujenareta chete asiwo kubva kune charger inogona zvakare kuva 5:

1. Kuyerera kwakadzika kwebhatiri;
2. Kuvharwa kweimwe yemakani;
3. Battery hypothermia;
4. Yakanyanya yakakwirira kana yakaderera electrolyte density;
5. Kusvibiswa kune dzimwe nyika mu electrolyte.

Chii chaungaita kana bhatiri remotokari yako isiri kuchaja?

Danho rokutanga nderokuziva chikonzero, uye chete wozotora matanho ekuchibvisa. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuyera mhepo pamagetsi ebheteri, chengetedza chiyero, kuwanda kwe electrolyte uye ruvara rwayo. zvinodikanwawo kuti utarise nemaziso kutarisa pamusoro pebhatiri, auto wiring, uye zvakare kuona iyo yazvino kuvuza pasina kutadza.

Ngatitarisei zvakadzama mhedzisiro inogona kuitika yechimwe nechimwe chezvikonzero zvekutadza kushanda kwebhatiri, uye zvakare tione zviito zvinoda kuitwa mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu:

Oxidation yezviteshi zvekusangana zvose zvinodzivirira kushamwaridzana kwakanaka uye zvinokurudzira kubuda kwezvino. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tinowana kukurumidza kubuda kana kusagadzikana / kushaikwa kuchaja kubva kune jenareta. Pane nzira imwe chete yekubuda - kutarisa kwete chete mamiriro ebheteri terminals, asiwo pane jenareta uye kuwanda kwemotokari. Zviteshi zvine oxidized zvine simba zvinogona kubviswa nekuchenesa uye nekuzora kubva kumaokisi.

kuparara kwejenareta (bhandi, regulator, diodes).

Bhandi rakaputsika ungangozviona, asi chokwadi ndechekuti kunyangwe kunyorova kwetension kunogona kuita kuti atsvedzeke papulley (pamwe nemafuta). Nokudaro, kana vatengi vane simba vakashandurwa, chiedza chepaneti chinogona kuvhenekera uye bhatiri ichabudiswa, uye pane inotonhora mukati mejini inopisa, squeak inowanzonzwika kubva pasi pehodhi. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nekutambanudza kana kutsiva.

Diodes mune yakajairika mamiriro, ivo vanofanirwa kupfuudza ikozvino munzira imwe chete, kutarisa nemultimeter kuchaita kuti zvikwanise kuziva iyo yakanganisa, kunyangwe kazhinji ivo vanongochinja bhiriji rese diode. Kusashanda zvisizvo madhiodhi anogona kukonzera zvese zviri zviviri undercharging uye overcharging yebhatiri.

Kana ma diode ari akajairika, asi panguva yekushanda anopisa zvakanyanya, ipapo bhatiri iri kubhadharwa. Basa rekushushikana mutongi. Zviri nani kuti uchinje pakarepo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo bhatiri harina kubhadharwa zvakakwana, unofanirwa kubhadhara kune mabhurashi ejenereta (mushure mezvose, anopera nekufamba kwenguva).

Nekuyerera kwakadzika, pamwe chete nekudururwa kuduku kwehuwandu hunoshanda, apo bhatiri isingadi kubhadharwa kwete chete pamotokari kubva kune jenereta, asi kunyange chigadziro hachioni, unogona kudzosera polarity kana kupa zvakawanda. voltage kuitira kuti ibate charge.

Iyi nzira inowanzoitwa nemabhatiri eAVG kana paine isingasviki gumi volts pamaterminals ayo. Polarity reversal inokutendera kuti utange bhatiri rakabuda zvakazara. Asi izvi zvinongobatsira chete kana mapango ari pabhatiri akanyatsochinja, kana zvisina kudaro unogona kukuvadza chete.

Battery polarity reversal (zvose lead-asidhi uye calcium) inoitika muchiitiko chekubuda kwakazara, apo voltage yemamwe mabheti emagaba ane yakaderera simba kupfuura mamwe, akabatanidzwa munhevedzano, anoderera nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe. Uye kana yasvika zero, sezvo kubuda kunoenderera mberi, ikozvino kune yakarebesa zvinhu inova kuchaja, asi inovachaja nenzira yakapesana uye ipapo danda rakanaka rinova minus, uye iyo isina kunaka inova yakanaka. Nokudaro, nekushandura, kwenguva pfupi, mabheti ejaja, bhatiri rakadaro rinogona kudzorerwa kuupenyu.

Asi yeuka kuti kana kuchinja kwematanda pabheteri kusina kuitika, saka kana pasina kudzivirirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu akadaro pajaja, bhatiri rinogona kuvharwa zvachose.

Polarity reversal inofanira kuitwa chete mumamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemavara machena pamusoro pemahwendefa.

Iyi nzira ichakundikana kana:

• mahwendefa akaputika uye electrolyte ikava nemakore;
• imwe yemakani yakavharwa;
• hapana chinodiwa density ye electrolyte mubhatiri.

Desulfation inoitwa zvakanaka neiyo polarity reversal nzira, asi chete hapana inopfuura 80-90% yesimba inogona kudzoserwa. Kubudirira kwemaitiro akadaro kuri mumahwendefa akakora, matete anoparadzwa zvachose.

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte kunopimwa neg/cm³. Inotariswa ne densimeter (hydrometer) patembiricha ye +25 ° C, inofanira kunge iri 1,27 g / cm³. Iyo yakaenzana nekusangana kwemhinduro uye inversely zvinoenderana neambient tembiricha.

Kana iwe ukashandisa bhatiri rinobuda ne50% kana zvishoma pazasi-zero tembiricha, izvi zvinotungamira kuchando che electrolyte uye kuparadzwa kwemahwendefa ekutungamirira!

Ziva kuti kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana muzvikamu zvese. Uye kana mune mamwe masero akaderedzwa zvikuru, zvino izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo kwezvikanganiso mukati maro (kureva, pfupi pfupi pakati pemahwendefa) kana kubuda kwakadzika. Asi kana mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro achionekwa mumasero ose, zvino imvura yakadzika, sulfation, kana kungopera. A very high density hainawo kunaka - zvinoreva kuti bhatiri raifashaira kubva pakuchaja nekuda kwekutadza kwejenareta. Izvo zvinokanganisa zvakare bhatiri. Kubvisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekusaenzana density, zvinodikanwa kusevha bhatiri.

Zvimiro zvekuchengetedza mabhatiri emuchina

Seti yemirairo yekuchengetedza kwakaringana kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri emuchina. Zvimiro zvekushandira gel, alkaline uye acid mabhatiri Verenga zvakawanda

 

Ne sulfation pane kuora kana kusava nekubatana kwe electrolyte nemahwendefa. Sezvo plaque inovhara kupinda kune iyo inoshanda fluid, saka bhatiri huwandu hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kuichaja zvakare hakupe chero mhedzisiro. Iyo voltage inogona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kana kusachinja zvachose. Vakadaro nzira yacho haidzoreki.

Asi sulfation padanho rekutanga inogona kukundwa neyakatevedzana yechaji yakazara ine diki ikozvino uye yakazara yakazara ine hushoma simba razvino (semuenzaniso, nekubatanidza 12V 5W girobhu). Kana, nzira iri nyore yekudzorera ndeyekudurura mhinduro ye soda, iyo inokwanisawo kubvisa sulfates kubva pamahwendefa.

Kuvharwa kweimwe yemakani mhedzisiro yemahwendefa akadonha uye kutaridzika kwematope pasi pebhatiri. Paunenge uchiedza kuchaja bhatiri rakadaro, kupisa kwakasimba kwe electrolyte kuchaonekwa, sekunge nechaji yakazara. Chikamu chakaremara chinobika asi kwete recharge. Hapana chekubatsira apa.

Ivhareji yehupenyu hwebasa remabhatiri emazuva ano ndeye 4 kusvika kumakore matanhatu.

Zvikonzero zvekupunzika kwemabhatiri emuchina wekutanga

Hupenyu hwebhatiri rinoburitswa ne25% hwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya kana:

• kuparara kwejenereta uye voltage regulator;
• kutanga kukundikana, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kwesimba razvino kana kuwedzera kwenhamba yekuedza kutanga injini inopisa mukati;
• oxidation yemagetsi wire terminals;
• kushandiswa nguva dzose kwevatengi vane simba vane nguva refu yekudzika mumigwagwa yemigwagwa;
• kudzokorora kukorokoza kwe crankshaft neanotangira asi nzendo pfupi.

A low electrolyte level panguva yehupenyu hwebhatiri zvakare chikonzero chakakosha chekukurumidza kutadza kwebhatiri. Saka, chikonzero chekuparara chinogona kuva:

• Kusawanzotariswa kweyero ye electrolyte. Muzhizha, cheki inofanira kuitwa kakawanda nokuti kutonhora kwepamusoro kunobatsira kukurumidza kubuda kwemvura;
• Kushanda kwakanyanya kwemotokari (apo mileage inopfuura 60 zviuru zvemakiromita pagore). Inoda kutarisa chiyero che electrolyte kanenge 3-4 zviuru zvemakiromita.

Graphical inomiririra mamiriro ezvinhu kana bhatiri isiri kuchaja. infographics

Kuti ukudze mufananidzo, ingobaya pamufananidzo.

Author: Ivan Matiesin