Test drive isingazivikanwe Fiat
Makore makumi matanhatu eCentro Stile Fiat chikonzero chakanaka chekutarisa nhoroondo yakasarudzika
Kubudirira kwega kwega kudzokororwa kupfupi kwezvakaitika kare - chokwadi chechirevo ichi chaErnst Haeckel chakagara chichizivikanwa mudzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kushandisa zvizere izvi mukusimudzira mota.
Kushambadzira kweBMW hakuzotadza kutaura kuti injini dzendege dziri mumagetsi ekambani uye kunyangwe chimiro chechiratidzo chinoratidza izvi, nepo Mercedes ichidada kugadzira marori nemabhazi. Asi zvakadini neboka riri pasi pezita rekuti Fiat - kunyangwe parizvino rakakamurwa zviri pamutemo kuita chikamu chemotokari, kusanganisira Chrysler uye mutsara wemarori akareruka neboka remaindasitiri rinosanganisira Iveco marori, Nyaya neNew Holland zvekurima zvekurima, uye mainjini emugungwa. Munhoroondo yekutanga yemhando, iyo yakatanga munzvimbo dzeTurin muna 1899, tinogona kuwana zvigadzirwa senge injini dzendege uye kunyange ndege. Kutaura zvazviri, kupatsanurwa kwendege yekambani (Fiat Aviazione) yakagadzira ndege pakati pehondo mbiri, muna 1955 Fiat G91 yakasarudzwa semurwi wenyanzvi neNATO, uye pasi pezita rokuti Fiat 7002 inovanza helikopta. Unoziva here kuti kune zvitima zvine zita rekuti Fiat.
Muchokwadi, kambani yemotokari yeFiat, iyo nhasi ine dzinenge dzese mhando dzemotokari dzeItaly - kubva kuAlfa Romeo kuenda kuCopje, Maserati neFerrari, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura iyo American Chrysler, yakadzika midzi kwete chete muhupenyu hweindasitiri yeItari, asiwo chikamu. yenhaka yenhoroondo inokosha. Fiat yakaiswa mukati meiyo genotype yeiyo Itaria nemafungiro ake akasarudzika. Munyika ine nhoroondo yehumambo hweRoma uye hunhu hwakaita saLeonardo naMichelangelo kwemakore 119 apfuura, piyona Fiat aripo seyakagadziriswa nyaya tambo. Uye kwete chete nemupiro waro kune chakakomba chigadzirwa chemukati cheItari. Nekuti iyo mhando ihwo hupfumi hweItari uye kambani yakaita mupiro wakakura mukuvandudzwa kwemotokari izere, iine husingarambwe hunyanzvi mukugadzirwa uye tekinoroji. Ndakave nerombo rakanaka rekutaura nema mainjiniya eItaly kakati wandei uye ndinogona kutaura kuti ichi chiitiko chaicho chakasarudzika. Mugadziri weItaly chete ndiye anogona kutaura nezve zvaakasika aine chiyero, simba uye kushingairira kwa conductor, neinjiniya yekutaura inoridza kubva pakadzika kwechimiro chake uye inonzwika senge rwiyo rwe opera yeItaly. 1958, pakagadzwa Centro Stile yavo, zviverengero munhoroondo dzeFiat, zvichiita kuti ive mota yekutanga yerudzi rwayo muEurope. Inowanikwa panotangira mweya wekusika, kambani inowanzo shandira pamwe nehurongwa hwekugadzira hwevanyori vakadai saFroy, Pininfarina naGiugiaro vanogara munzvimbo yeTurin. Uye nhasi tine chikwereti kuFiat's Centro Ricerce Technical Center (CRF) kumwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha mune tekinoroji yemotokari, zvinoti kune mainjiniya kuFiat, iyo nzvimbo yekusimudzira yava Fiat Powertrain Technologies kana FTP, nyika inokwereta kune yakajairika njanji system injini dzedhiziri uye yakatevera Multijet, basa ravo ndiro rekutanga turbocharged dizeli injini ine zvakananga jekiseni, yakagadzirwa muna 1986. Zvisikwa zveFTP kana zvakatangira FCR ndizvo zvinoshamisa MultiAir hydraulic drive uye suction valve control system, T-JET peturu turbo injini, yekutanga yemazuva ano TwinAir twin-cylinder injini, yekutanga Selespeed otomatiki manyorero ekufambisa mukupera kwemakumi masere, yekutanga system. muna 1980 peturu injini uye mukufambiswa aine maviri TCT clutches. Yakadaro yakakurumbira mumakore achangopfuura tekinoroji yekushandisa yakajairwa chikuva kune akati wandei mamodheru yakatanga kuunzwa neFiat mainjiniya ane mhando 127 uye 128 mukupera 60s uye kutanga 70s! Uye nekuda kwezviverengero - Fiat ichiri kubata rekodhi yemota ine injini hombe - kutamiswa kwechina-cylinder (!) Fiat S76 injini ye1910, inonzi "Turin Beast", haisisiri uye haina zvishoma. kupfuura 28,3. , 300 litita, ine simba reiyo chaiyo XNUMX hp. pa1900 rpm uye yaive yakagadzirirwa kukunda iyo yainzi Blitzen Benz chero zvodii. Yakasvika pakumhanya kwe 1912? Hongu, iyo kambani yeItaly yakaramba yakanangisa pazvikamu zveumbozha zvemusika wemotokari munhoroondo yayo, asi pakupedzisira hunhu hwayo hwechokwadi huri kuvakwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye hugadzwe semugadziri wezvigadzirwa zvitsva asi zvinodhura. Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinongori zvisikwa zvinokatyamadza zvemainjiniya eItaly - kunyangwe munguva dzakaoma kwazvo dzenhoroondo yayo, senge makore gumi akatanga muna 1970, apo Italy neFiat kunyanya zvakatsemurwa nekurohwa, mainjiniya nevagadziri vanoramba vachigadzira mota. nomweya usingadzivisiki. Kunyangwe Hondo Yenyika II isati yaitika, izvo zvakaita kuti zita rake rive rakakosha muindasitiri yemotokari yepasirese, Fiat yaive nezvirongwa zvemotokari yenyika. Iyo Topolino 500 yakaisa hwaro, asi iine mota yechokwadi yeEurope muma1936 nema50s, Fiat yakaita chinzvimbo chakakura muma60 ayo anoshamisa nema600, akagadzirwa nenjere yekunyora stylist uye mainjiniya Dante Giacosa, anga ave nebhizinesi kwemakore mazana mashanu. basa rake kuFiat. Sezvo hupfumi hwevanhu, Fiat icharamba ichiburitsa mamwe emazuva ano 1100, 1300/1500, 850, 124, 125, 128 uye 127 mumweya mumwe chete, mazhinji acho achaburitswa munyika dzechitatu dzakadai seIndia, Soviet Union uye kunyangwe neBulgaria, uye ichabatsira ... Zvemagetsi emarudzi ese.
Pamberi pekugadzira, tekinoroji uye kugadzira
Kare kuma20, vatungamiri veFiat vakaisa pfungwa pakuunza nzira huru dzekugadzira pane imwe nzvimbo itsva, yezvino-yepamusoro-soro chirimwa muLignoto, uye muna 1946 vakashanyira Chrysler kuti vadzidze kubva pane zvakaitika muindasitiri yemotokari yemazuva ano. Nhoroondo dzimwe nguva inotipa zvisinganzwisisike zvinokatyamadza - 70 makore gare gare, Chrysler ave muridzi weFiat. Ongororo yenhoroondo yeFiat inogona kunge yakave mugumisiro wezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakaratidza zvinofadza kusanganiswa kweinjiniya yeItaly uye mweya wekuItaly stylistic, pamwe nemupiro wayo usingapokane mukusimudzira tsika dzemotokari. Nekudaro, izvi zvese hazvisi mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro uye kunyorwa kwechokwadi kwechokwadi, asi chimwe chinhu chakadzama, nekuti dhizaini yakanangana kwete chete nevagadziri, asiwo nekugona kwemaitiro ekugadzira, sainzi yeaerodynamics uye mhedzisiro. yesangano rakaomarara. Uyu mweya westylistic unogona kuteverwa munhoroondo yeFiat - kubva kumitsara inoyerera yenguva yeArt Nouveau kana mitsetse yakachena yerationalism yekutanga 20s, kune mafomu anoshanda nekuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvekutanga zveaerodynamics ye30s, iyo minimalism yemhando ye50s, nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzema60. 70s uye 80s, shanduko yemazuva ano yekushanda yakatanga mumaXNUMX.
(kutevera)
Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev
