Zvikamu zvehondo zveGerman: Ndira 1942–Chikumi 1944

German armored divisions

Mushandirapamwe muSoviet Union muna 1941, zvisinei nekukunda kwedzungu kwakahwinwa neWehrmacht pamusoro peRed Army yakaora mwoyo uye isina kudzidziswa, yakapera zvisina kunaka kune maGerman. IUSSR haina kukundwa uye Moscow haina kutorwa. Mauto eGermany akanga aneta akapona munguva yechando inotyisa, uye hondo yacho yakachinja kuva kurwisana kwenguva refu iyo yakaparadza zvinhu zvakawanda zvevanhu nezvinhu. Uye maGerman akange asina kugadzirira izvi, zvaisafanirwa kunge zvakadaro ...

Chimwe chigumbuso cheGermany chakarongerwa zhizha ra1942, raive rekusarudza kubudirira kwemushandirapamwe kumabvazuva. Mabasa echigumbuso akatsanangurwa muDirective No.

Sezvo kudzivirira kweMoscow kwakaratidza kusingakundiki, zvakasarudzwa kubvisa USSR kubva kune zvinyorwa zvemafuta - zvinhu zvakakosha zvehondo. Nzvimbo huru dzemafuta eSoviet dzaive muAzerbaijan (Baku paGungwa reCaspian), uko matani anopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri neshanu emafuta aigadzirwa gore negore, ayo akaverengera kunenge kwese kweSoviet kugadzirwa. Chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chakasara chakawira munzvimbo yeMaikop-Grozny (Russia neChechnya) uye Makhachkala muDagestan. Nzvimbo dzose idzi dziri mujinga meCaucasus, kana kuti kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweiyi makomo makuru. Kurwiswa kweCaucasus nechinangwa chekutora minda yemafuta uye paVolga (Stalingrad) kuitira kucheka tsinga dzekukurukurirana kuburikidza iyo mafuta asina kuchena aiendeswa pakati peUSSR yaizoitwa neGA "South" , uye mamwe mapoka maviri emauto - "Center" uye "North" - aifanira kunge aenda kunodzivirira. Saka, muchando cha25/1941, GA "South" yakatanga kusimbiswa nekuendeswa kwezvikwata kubva kumapoka ehondo akasara kumaodzanyemba.

Kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvitsva zvezvombo

Hwaro hwekusikwa kwezvikamu zvitsva zvaive zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuchengetedza maumbirwo ezvombo, izvo zvakatanga kuumbwa mukudonha kwa1940. MaRejimeni mana achangobva kuumbwa uye mauto maviri akaparadzana aive nemidziyo yakatorwa yeFrance. Aya mapoka akaumbwa pakati pematsutso a1940 uye muchirimo cha1941. Aive: 201st Armored Regiment, iyo yakagamuchira Somua H-35 uye Hotchkiss H-35/H-39; 202nd Tank Regiment, ine 18 Somua H-35s uye 41 Hotchkiss H-35/H-39s; 203rd Tank Regiment yakagamuchira Somua H-35 uye Hotchkiss H-35/39; 204th Tank Regiment yakapihwa kuSomua H-35 uye Hotchkiss H-35/H39; The 213th tank battalion, ine 36 Char 2C inorema matangi, yainzi Pz.Kpfw. B2; 214th tank battalion,

yakagamuchira +30 Renault R-35.

Musi waGunyana 25, 1941, maitiro ekugadzira mamwe maviri matangi division akatanga - 22nd tank division uye 23rd tank division. Ose ari maviri akaumbwa kubva kutanga muFrance, asi matangi ayo aive 204th Tank Regiment uye 201st Tank Regiment zvakateerana, uye aive akashongedzerwa akasiyana eGerman neCzech. Iyo 204th Tank Regiment yakagamuchira: 10 Pz II, 36 Pz 38 (t), 6 Pz IV (75/L24) uye 6 Pz IV (75/L43), nepo 201st Tank Regiment yakagamuchira matangi akagadzirwa neGerman. Zvishoma nezvishoma, matunhu mune ese ari maviri regiments akazadzikiswa, kunyangwe asina kusvika kune yakazara vashandi. Muna March 1942, mapoka akatumirwa kumberi.

Musi waZvita 1, 1941, mumusasa weStalbek (yava kunzi Dolgorukovo muEast Prussia), kurongwazve kwe1st Cavalry Division kuva 24th Tank Division kwakatanga. Yayo yechi24 tangi rejasi yakaumbwa kubva kuhondo yakabviswa 101st flamethrower tank battalion, yakawedzerwa nevatasvi vemabhiza kubva ku2nd uye 21st mauto emabhiza echikamu, akadzidziswa sematangi. Pakutanga, mapoka ose matatu aive neuto remudhudhudhu brigade raisanganisira matatu-battalion motorized rifle regiment uye battalion yemudhudhudhu, asi muna Chikunguru 1942 vashandi vepfuti brigade vakabviswa uye yechipiri pfuti yakaumbwa, uye mauto ese ane mota akaumbwa. yakashandurwa kuita mauto maviri ehondo.

Kugadzirira kurwisa kutsva

Iyo Axis yakakwanisa kuunganidza varwi vangangosvika miriyoni yekurwisa, yakarongwa muzvikamu makumi matanhatu neshanu zveGerman ne65 Romanian, Italian neHungary. Maererano nehurongwa hwakagadzirwa muna Kubvumbi, kutanga kwaChikunguru 25, GA "South" yakakamurwa kuita GA "A" (Field Marshal Wilhelm List), iyo yakatamira kuCaucasus, uye GA "B" (Colonel General Maximilian Freiherr von Weichs) , vakananga kumabvazuva vakananga kuVolga.

Muchirimo cha1942, iyo GA "Poludne" yaisanganisira mapfumbamwe matangi zvikamu (3rd, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23 uye 24) uye matanhatu motorized divi (3rd, 16, 29, 60, SS Viking). . uye Great Germany). Kana tichienzanisa, kubva munaChikunguru 4, 1942, maviri chete matangi zvikamu (8th uye 12th) uye maviri emota mativi (18th uye 20th) akasara muSever GA, uye muSredny GA - masere matangi zvikamu (1., 2nd, 4th. , 5th, 17th, 18th, 19th uye 20th) uye maviri ane mota (yegumi ne10). The 25th, 6th uye 7th mauto mapoka akamiswa muFrance (yakanangana kuzorora uye replenishment, gare gare vakadzokera kuhondo), uye rechigumi neshanu uye rechi10 mauto uye rechi15 Dlek (motor) akarwa muAfrica.

Mushure mekupatsanurwa kweGA "Poludne" GA "A" yaisanganisira 1st Tank Army ne17th Army, uye GA "B" yaisanganisira: 2nd Army, 4th Tank Army, 6th Army, uyewo 3rd uye 4th mauto. Romanian Mauto, 2nd Hungarian Mauto uye 8th Italian Mauto. Pakati peizvi, panzer yeGermany uye zvikamu zvemotokari zvaive mumauto ose kunze kwe2nd Army, iyo yakanga isina kupatsanurwa kwekukurumidza zvachose.