ChiGerman chinogumbura muArdennes - tariro yekupedzisira yaHitler

Iyo yekuGermany inogumbura muArdennes musi waDecember 16-26, 1944 yakatongerwa kukundikana. Zvakadaro, akapa maAllies dambudziko rakawanda uye akavamanikidza kuita mauto makuru: kubudirira kwakabviswa pamberi paNdira 28, 1945. Mutungamiriri uye Chancellor weReich, Adolf Hitler, vakarambana kubva kune chokwadi, vakatenda kuti semugumisiro zvaizokwanisika kuenda kuAntwerp uye kunogura British 21st Army Group, vachimanikidza maBritish kuti abve mukondinendi kuenda ku "Dunkirk yechipiri." ”. Zvisinei, murairo weGermany wainyatsoziva kuti iri rakanga riri basa risingabviri.

Pashure pokurwa kunoshamisa muNormandy muna June naJuly 1944, mauto eAllied akapinda munzvimbo yaishandiswa uye akafambira mberi nokukurumidza. Pakazosvika Gunyana 15, dzinenge France yese yaive mumaoko eAllies, kunze kweAlsace naLorraine. Kubva kuchamhembe, mutsetse wemberi waipfuura neBelgium kubva kuOstend, uchipfuura neAntwerp neMaastricht uchienda kuAachen, wozoti pamwe nemuganhu weBelgian-German neLuxembourgish-German, wozoti kumaodzanyemba uchitevedza Rwizi rweMoselle kusvika kumuganhu neSwitzerland. Zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti pakati peSeptember, vabatsiri vekuMadokero vakagogodza pamasuo enharaunda dzemadzitateguru eTatu Reich. Asi chakaipisisa, vakagadzira kutyisidzira kwakananga kuna Ruru. Nzvimbo yeGermany yakanga isina tariro.

Idea

Adolf Hitler akatenda kuti zvakanga zvichiri kugona kukunda vanopikisa. Zvamazvirokwazvo kwete mupfungwa yokuvasvitsa pamabvi avo; Zvisinei, mukuona kwaHitler, kurasikirwa kwakadaro kungadai kwakaiswa pavari kuitira kuti vabvume Vabatanidzwa kuti vabvumirane pazvibvumirano zvorugare zvaizogamuchirwa kuGermany. Akatenda kuti vapikisi vasina simba vanofanira kubviswa nekuda kweizvi, uye akafunga kuti maBritish neAmerica vakadaro. Runyararo rwekuparadzanisa kumadokero rwaifanira kusunungura masimba akakosha uye nzira dzekusimbisa dziviriro kumabvazuva. Aidavira kuti kana aigona kusunungura hondo yokuparadza kumabvazuva, mweya weGermany waizokunda macommunist.

Kuti pave nerunyararo rwekuparadzanisa kumadokero, zvinhu zviviri zvaifanira kuitwa. Yokutanga yeiyi inzira dzisina kujairika dzekutsiva - V-1 mabhomba anobhururuka uye V-2 mabhomba anokandwa, ayo maGerman aida kuunza kurasikirwa kukuru kune vanobatana mumaguta makuru, kunyanya muLondon, uye gare gare muAntwerp neParis. Kuedza kwechipiri kwaiva kwechinyakare, kunyange zvazvo kwaiva nengozi. Kuti ape pfungwa yake, Hitler akaunganidza musi woMugovera, September 16, 1944, musangano unokosha nevasonganiri vake vapedyo. Pakati peavo vaivepo paive Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, aive mukuru weHigh Command yeGerman Armed Forces - OKW (Oberkommando Wehrmacht). Tichifunga, OKW yaive nemirairo mitatu: Ground Forces - OKH (Oberkommando der Heeres), Air Force - OKL (Oberkommando der Luftwaffe) uye Navy - OKM (Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine). Zvisinei, mukuita, vatungamiri vane simba vemasangano aya vakatora mirairo kubva kuna Hitler, saka simba reSupreme High Command yeGermany Armed Forces pamusoro pavo rakanga risipo. Naizvozvo, kubvira 1943, mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika akavepo, umo OKW yakapihwa hutungamiriri hwese kurwisa maAllies muWestern (France) neSouthern (Italy) theatre, uye imwe neimwe yemitambo iyi yaive nemukuru wayo. Nekune rimwe divi, Dzimbahwe reSupreme High Command yeGround Forces rakatora mutoro weEastern Front.

Musangano uyu wakapindwa neMukuru weGeneral Staff of the Ground Forces, ipapo Colonel General Heinz Guderian. Mukuru wechitatu anoshanda ane chinzvimbo chepamusoro aive mukuru wevashandi veSupreme High Command yeGerman Armed Forces - WFA (Wehrmachts-Führungsamt), Colonel General Alfred Jodl. Iyo WFA yakagadzira musana weOKW, kusanganisira kazhinji mayuniti ayo anoshanda.

Hitler akazivisa chisarudzo chake zvisingatarisirwi: mumwedzi miviri chigumbuso chaizotangwa kumadokero, chinangwa chaizove chekutorazve Antwerp uye kuparadzanisa mauto eAnglo-Canadian kubva kuAmerican-French mauto. Boka reBritish 21st Army richange rakakomberedzwa nekuroverwa muBelgium kumahombekombe eNorth Sea. Chishuvo chaHitler chaiva chokumubvisa kuBritain.

Pakanga pasina mukana wekubudirira kwekugumbura kwakadaro. MaBritish nemaAmericans kuWestern Front vaive nemapoka makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu akazara, ukuwo maGerman aine makumi mashanu neshanu chete, uye kunyange asina kukwana. Kugadzirwa kwemafuta emvura muGermany kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya neAllied Strategic bhomba, sezvaiitwa kugadzirwa kwezvombo. Kubva munaGunyana 96, 55 kusvika munaGunyana 1, 1939, kurasikirwa kwevanhu kusingadzokerike (vakaurayiwa, vakashaikwa, vakachekwa kusvika pamwero wekuti vaifanira kubviswa vanhu) vakasvika 1 varwi nevasina kutumwa uye 1944 mapurisa.

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