Kumiswa kwemotokari yakazvimirira: maitiro, marudzi, mabhenefiti
Zviri mukati
Iyo elastic mudziyo inodzikamisa chinzvimbo chemuviri nerubatsiro rwezvitubu kana torsion bars. Iyo dhizaini inowanzoshandiswa pamotokari dzine kumberi-mavhiri. Maoko anotevera akabatanidzwa kumuviri nerutivi rumwe, uye kumavhiri emotokari neimwe.
Mumotokari, iyo undercarriage inoita basa rekutora kuvhunduka kubva mukukanganisa kwemugwagwa. Kumiswa kwakazvimirira kwemotokari kunopa kubata kwakanaka pakumhanya kwakanyanya. Asi iyo yakaoma chitubu chimiro chinoda kudhura kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa.
Independent kuturika
Mune mhando dzemotokari dzemazuva ano, iyo vibration damping mudziyo inoshanda zvakasiyana pavhiri rega rega. Motokari inorova chipingamupinyi kune rumwe rutivi, mumutemo, haina simba guru pamuviri. Iyo yakazvimirira yekumisikidza inoshanda nemazvo, izvo zvinoreva kupera kwakazara kwekudedera uye mabumps kubva mukukanganisa kwemugwagwa.
Iyo yakaoma dhizaini yedhizaini ine runyorwa rwese rwezvinhu zvinogara zvichibatanidzwa mukuchengetedza nzvimbo yakagadzikana yemuviri wemotokari uchifamba.
Iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa mari pakugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kwekumira yakazvimirira. Rudzi urwu rwechitubu chishandiso chinosarudzwa nekuda kwekunyaradza uye kubata kwakanaka kwerori kana mavhiri ese. Yakakurumbira pane rondedzero yevanozvimiririra kune akawanda mabhureki emotokari dzevatyairi ndiyo yekumashure chassis yeMacPherson brand.
Independent kuturika
Ndeipi iri nani - inotsamira kana yakawanda-link kumiswa
Chinangwa chechero chitubu chemudziyo ndechekudzivirira muviri wemotokari kubva kune zvekunze zvinokanganisa mabumps emumugwagwa kumberi nekumashure mavhiri. Iyo yakawanda-link inoita basa iri nemazvo - yakaoma elastic dhizaini. Kumisikidzwa kwakareruka uye kwakachipa pane semi-yakazvimirira. Asi mumichina yemazuva ano, mudziyo uyu hausi kushandiswa.
Kubatsira kwekumisikidzwa kwehafu-yakasununguka ndiko kuderera kwayo, kubata kwakanaka uye kushanda kwakanyarara. Izvi zvinoreva kubata zvakasimba kunyange pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
Mabhenefiti eiyo inotsamira kumberi kana kumashure kumiswa kwerori kana yevafambi mota iri mune yakapusa, yakasimba dhizaini uye yakavimbika.
Mhando dzekumiswa kwakazvimirira
Nzvimbo uye kubatana kune sisitimu yerunyorwa rwezvikamu zvemudziyo wekunyorovesa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechasisi. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekudzikisa kuvhunduka, kuzununguka kwemuviri uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwegwara.
Rondedzero yemhando dzakazvimiririra kumberi uye kumashure kumiswa:
- oscillating axles;
- longitudinal, oblique uye double wishbones;
- multi-link.
Zvinoenderana nechiyero, mukana wacho unocherechedzwa muMacPherson chassis, iyo inowanzomira kumashure kweaxles emhando dzakawanda dzemotokari dzinotakura vanhu nekuda kweiyo yakanaka mutengo-mhando reshiyo. Kumiswa kwese kwakazvimirira kwakasiyana pakuti kunobvumira vhiri rega rega kuita chimwe chipingamupinyi zvakasiyana.
Kuturika nemaekisero ekuzunguza
Mune ekare mhando dzemotokari dzemotokari, iyo undercarriage inovimbisa yakatwasuka axis yemavhiri inoenderana nemugwagwa. Iyo axle pachayo inoratidzika kunge yakakamurwa kuita hafu mbiri. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakanyatsobatanidzwa kune mavhiri hubs. Basa re damper mumudziyo rinoitwa nekukatyamadza kunotora uye zvitubu zvechitubu.
Semi-axes kubva mukati akabatanidzwa neungano yehinge. Mumigwagwa yakashata, iyo track uye camber yepamberi uye kumashure discs ine yakakura amplitude, iyo inoderedza kuchengeteka.
Trailing ruoko kuturika
Iyo elastic mudziyo inodzikamisa chinzvimbo chemuviri nerubatsiro rwezvitubu kana torsion bars. Iyo dhizaini inowanzoshandiswa pamotokari dzine kumberi-mavhiri. Maoko anotevera akabatanidzwa kumuviri nerutivi rumwe, uye kumavhiri emotokari neimwe.
Iyo kumiswa iri nyore kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa, asi ine imwe drawback: haina kutarisana zvakanaka nemuviri roll kana ichikona. Iyo chassis haibvumire iwe kuti uchengetedze inogara wheelbase ichifamba.
Wishbone kumiswa
Mumudziyo uyu wekunyorovesa, zvikamu zvinoita kunge zviri pakona kuvhiri. Zvinoreva kuti dhizaini inonyatso chengetedza kugadzikana kwemuviri wemotokari panguva chero yekufambisa. Uye inochengetedza kona yenguva dzose yekurerekera kwemavhiri achichinjana. Asi kana uchirova mabumps nemakomba, kugadzikana kwemotokari kunoderera.
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvekumiswa pane oblique levers, torsion mabara uye zvitubu zvinoshandiswa. Midziyo iyi yakatsetseka inowedzera kugadzikana kwemuchina mumigwagwa yakaoma.
Double wishbone suspension
Iyo dhizaini ine yakaomesesa inonamatira kumuviri wemotokari uye inoshanda seyakazvimirira unit. Izvo zvinopa kuzvidzora uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemotokari mumugwagwa.
Iwo marevhisi ari pamberi yakazvimirira kana kumashure kwekumisikidza anowanikwa akachinjika uye akabatana nembiru zvinotsigira. Pamavhiri epamberi, zvinobatisa zvinovhundutsa zvinogona kutenderera neakisi yakatwasuka. Elastic zvikamu zveiyo undercarriage - zvitubu, pneumatic uye hydraulic zvishandiso.
Kumiswa kwakawanda-kwakawanda
Iyi dhizaini inonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzepamusoro-soro pane axle yekumashure. Zvikamu zvakawanda mumudziyo zvinoderedza kudengenyeka kwemaitiro akawanda, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kugadzikana kwemuchina.
Kumiswa kwakawanda-kwakawanda
Iyo musimboti weakawanda-inobatanidza mota kumiswa ndiyo inochinjika gadziriro yezvakazvimirira zvikamu zvinoshanda. Chimiro chekugadzirwa kwematsutso kwakanaka kumhanya kutsetseka uye kudzoreka, izvo zvinoreva zvakare kunyarara kushanda paunenge uchityaira.
Kuipa uye zvakanakira kumiswa kwakazvimirira
Rutivi rwakanaka rwechitubu dhizaini kugona kugadzirisa chassis yemota kuti irambe yakagadzikana yekutyaira mamiriro. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo elastic zvinhu zvinogadzira kubatana kwakanaka pane chero nzira.
Rondedzero yezvakanakira kumiswa yakazvimirira:
- controllability mukufamba;
- kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina;
- yakaderedzwa roll pakona;
- kudzora kwakazvimirira kwechinzvimbo chemberi uye kumashure mavhiri.
Saka iyo rondedzero yezvakashata zvekuzvimiririra kumiswa:
- kuvaka kwakaoma;
- kugadzirwa kunodhura uye kuchengetedza mudziyo;
- kuderera kwekuchengetedza nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda.
Naizvozvo, yakaoma chitubu zvimiro zvinowanzo shandiswa mumhando dzinodhura dzemotokari dzevafambi.
Kushanda
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, dhizaini yekumisa yakazvimirira yakaoma. Node inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yekubatana yezvikamu zvinotenderera zvinotenderera, kuvimbika kwechimiro chese kunodzikira. Panyaya iyi, iyo yakawanda-link haiwanzo kushandiswa mumotokari dzehupfumi. Kumiswa kwakazvimirira kunowanzo kuisirwa kumashure kweaxle ye crossovers uye ese-mavhiri drive SUVs.
Kukosha kwechigadzirwa ndechekuona kubata kwakanaka nepamusoro pemugwagwa uye kugadzikana kwemuchina une kumberi kana kwese-vhiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kumiswa kwe-multi-link pama-axles maviri kunogona kuwanikwa chete mune urongwa hwemazuva ano emhando dzemotokari dzepamusoro.
