Yedza kutyaira Nissan GT-R: iyo nhoroondo yakasarudzika mbiri mbiri kutapurirana

Nissan GT-R's all-wheel drive system inyanzvi yetekinoroji

Iyo Skyline GT-R izita rechiratidzo munhoroondo yeNissan, asi yaive R32 chizvarwa chakabatsira zvakanyanya kupa modhi iyi yakakosha aura. Zvizvarwa zvinotevera zveR33 neR34 zvakazvigadzira uye vakazviita chiratidzo pakati pevanofarira mota dzemitambo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana, yakasarudzika nzira yekubata uye kuvimbika. Asi kudzvinyirira pamufananidzo kwakakura. Ndosaka vagadziri veNissan pavakatanga kugadzira Skyline GT-R yazvino, makore mashoma kupinda mumireniyamu itsva, vakapikiswa kuti vagadzire chimwe chinhu chakasiyana sekuita kwemugwagwa. Ehezve, mamodheru apfuura akasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki, uye chisina kuchinjika kwavari, iyo mbiri kuendesa nekufungidzira inoramba iri mune itsva. Asi panguva ino basa racho rakaoma zvikuru. Kuwedzera kune ese-mavhiri kutyaira, mota ine uremu hwakakodzera kugovera inofanira kugadzirwa, uye zita rayo richaderedzwa kuva GT-R chete. Zviri nyore, zvakajeka uye zvinogutsa zvikuru.

Kufanana nevakatungamira, yavo-yemavhiri ese system ichadaidzwa kunzi ATTESA (Yepamberi Yakazara Yekutsemesa Injiniyaig Sisitimu Yese Terrain). Chirevo cheiyo tekinoroji tekinoroji yakagadziridzwa pamusoro pemakore inosimbisa iyo yapfuura Skyline GT-R, asi muGT-R inotora padanho nyowani.

Yepamberi tekinoroji kumashure muna 1989

Yekutanga mechina fomu yeATTESA yakagadzirirwa mota dzinopfuura uye yakaunzwa muBluebird kumusika weJapan muna 1987. Iyo inenge yakafanana sisitimu yakazoshandiswa muGT-R Pulsar, chizvarwa chinotevera Bluebird (HNU13) uye Primera. Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yakashandisa iyo viscometer-yakavharwa pakati musiyano, asi yakazotsiviwa neakananga bevel giya yekubatanidza uye viscometer pane yekumashure axle.

Nekudaro, zvinonyanya kufadza kune zvinangwa zveyedu nyaya ndeye ATTESA E-TS (Electronic Torque Split) shanduro dzeNissan mota dzemitambo ine dhizaini dhizaini uye injini pamberi. Yakatanga kushandiswa muNissan Skyline GT-R uye Skyline GTS4. Iyo ino sisitimu inoita iyo R32 chizvarwa Skyline GT-R imwe yeakanyanya mota enguva yayo. Nekuti Porsche Mune iyo PSK yeiyo 959, vagadziri veNissan vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinodzora multi-plate batira iyo inotyairwa ne hydraulic pombi uye inonongedza imwe ye torque kumberi ekisero.

Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yepamusoro kwazvo yenguva yayo, nekuti hapana kambani panguva iyoyo yaipa yakazara yakazara clutch mayuniti senge yanhasi BorgWarner kana Haldex zvigadzirwa. Mukudaro, iyo yekumberi axle inotyairwa ne torque iyo yakanangiswa kwariri kubva kumashure kwekutapurirana kuburikidza nepropel shaft. Iyo yekufambisa ine inopindirana kutapurirana ine yakasanganiswa batira, kubva kune iyo torque inopfuudzwa kune yepamberi ekisero uchishandisa imwe PTO shaft. Shael yekufambisa inomhanya ichipfuura iyo crankcase uye yakajairika aluminium block, uye kurudyi ekisero shaft ipfupi nekuti musiyano uri kurudyi. Iyo system inodzorwa ne16-bit komputa inoongorora kufamba kwemotokari kagumi pasekondi.

Sisitimu yeNissan yakapusa pane iyo yePorsche nekuti mabhanhire anotyairwa neiyo imwechete hydraulic wedunhu uye haagadzirise ega. Iyi ndiyo modular solution iri pasi pekuisirwa kwanhasi kworudzi urwu uye kwakachipa, kureruka uye kuumbika.

Chii chinonakidza apa ndechekuti vanobatanidza mune iyi kesi havashande nguva dzese, semumaitiro mazhinji azvino uno. Pasi pemamiriro ekutyaira akajairwa, iyo Skyline GT-R iri kumashure-vhiri rekutyaira, asi panguva inorema yekumhanyisa kana ine simba pakona kana pakawandisa kudhonza kunodiwa, batira kitiki inomisikidzwa kunongedza imwe ye torque kumberi axle. Chiyero uye nguva yekumisikidza inoongororwa nekombuta mushure mekuongorora ma parameter senge lateral kumhanyisa, turbocharger kumanikidza, kumisikidza nzvimbo uye kumhanyisa kwevhiri rega rega, kuyerwa neABS sensors.

Ipo iyo Nissan Skyline GT-R isingazvirumbidze kugona kugovera torque sePorsche 959, inogara pakati pekupokana kwenhoroondo pakati pemhando dzakasimba dzemhando mbiri. Iyo Skyline GT-R yakachipa kwazvo kupfuura iyo 959, asi ine kuita kwakanakisa kwekutenda nekudzokorora bvunzo kuNurburgring. Iyi yekushandisa modhi zvakare ine hunhu hwayo hwakanaka, sezvo ichichengetedza hunhu hunesimba hwemotokari pasina kukanganisa kubata kwekubata kweyemashure-vhiri dhiraivhi modhi inosanganiswa neakakura masimba emakona. Nekudaro, iyo modhi inokwanisa kusanganisa akanakisa epasirese nyika uye nekuisa hwaro hwechiratidzo chemufananidzo weSkyline GT-R. Muchokwadi, iyo Porsche 959 haisati yambowana chiyero chakadai chekubata.

Chinhu chinonakidza cheesisitimu ndiyo marongero ayo anowedzera simba mutyairi kutyaira mota, iyo shoma ekisero yepamberi inogoneswa. Iyo Skyline GT-R inozivikanwa nekuita kwayo-yekutanga musuwo senge ine simba kumashure-vhiri modhi modhi. Iyo yekupedzisira haina kujairika kune mota dzine mbiri hutachiwana.

Chizvarwa chinotevera R33 Skyline GT-R yakachinjira muATTESA E-TS Pro. Yakawedzerwa kune ekisero yekumashure isiyano yemagetsi yakavharirwa nemaseti maviri emachira, zvishandiso zvitsva, zvishandiso uye zvemagetsi kutonga. Dhizaini imwecheteyo ichagadziriswa muR34 kuti isvike kumusoro kwayo muR35 powertrain dhizaini.

Imwe yemhando - GT-R ine mbiri mbiri uye gearbox.

Nekudaro, sezvatakambotaura, zita rekuti ATTESA (Yepamberi Yakazara Yekutsemesa Injiniya Yegadziriro Yezvese Terrain) yakabuda kare kare, senge system yeGT-R nyowani. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti haana kusarudzika mumhando yazvo.

Muna 2004, mushure mekufungisisa zvakanyanya, vagadziri vakasarudza kuti GT-R itsva inofanira kushandisa nhanhatu-speed dual-clutch transmission, nhanho kupinda mundima itsva nokuti mamodheru apfuura aiva nejini uye kutumira mberi. Muzita rekumashure rekutamisa uremu, iyo inline matanhatu-cylinder injini inogarwa kubva kune itsva turbocharged injini ine V6 architecture, uye kuendesa kunofanirwa kunge kuri kuseri kweaxle zvinoenderana neinonzi dhizaini dhizaini uye ive yemhando yeDSG. . Kuti aite izvi, mainjiniya anotendeukira kune nyanzvi dzeBorgWarner kuti dzibatsirwe, avo vanobatanawo nemupi wekutapurirana Aichi. Chishuviro chaNissan ndechekugadzira mota inokwikwidza nguva dzakanakisa dzepamasekete seNürburgring. Sezvatakambotaura, saka iyo 486 hp super coupe. Kuti ive yakarurama mukutonga kwenjanji, huremu hunofanirwa kunge huri 50:50. Mukuwedzera, kutapurirana kunofanira kunge kune kukurumidza kuchinja basa. Sezvo iyi mhinduro isingazoshandiswe mune chero imwe modhi yekambani, zviri pachena kuti kutapurirana kuchafanirwa kugadzirwa uye kuiswa chete muNissan GT-R. Nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete, zvakasarudzwa kuti inofanira kuva yemhando imwe chete, sezvatatotaura, ine zvibatanidza zviviri. Chinoitika chinotevera kuratidzirwa kwechokwadi kwebatira pamwe inobereka zvibereko. Kutapurirana uku kwakagadzirwa naBorgWarner neyakaomeswa neipi kubva kuNissan neAichi mainjiniya akavakirwa pakambani yeAuburn Hills technical centre muUS. Aichi inogadzira magiya, nepo BorgWarner, ane nhanho yakasarudzika yehunyanzvi uye akagadzira iyo Bugatti Veyron drivetrain, inobata chaiyo dhizaini, dhizaini, nezvimwe.

Mune yekutanga prototypes, iko kuendesa kwaive kuchiri kumashure chaiko kuchinjini. Nekudaro, chirongwa ichi chakazopinda muchikamu chechipiri pakazofungwa kuti kufambisa kwacho kwaizove kuri pamusiyano wekumashure. Kune izvi, chivakwa chakagadzirwa chinofanirwa kubatanidza kutapurirana kune shaft yeinjini, yakakwenenzverwa-yakawanda ndiro kuseri, uyezve mashandiro ayo, achishandisa propeller shaft, anofanirwa kuendesa simba kumberi ekisero. Iwo maviri ekutsikisa mawoko ndeemhando inoshandiswa kuvhara mapuraneti otomatiki kufambisa, asi izvo zvekukwesana zvakanyatsogadzirirwa izvo zveGT-R zvinodiwa. Iyo yekuchinja mashini zvakare yakatarwa, inopa mhinduro yakakurumidza, uye zvese zvinodzorwa neyakajairika control module. Muviri wakasarudzika wealuminium wakasikwa, kunyangwe paine chishuwo chemagnesium yakanyanya, nekuti iyo yekupedzisira yaisakwanisa kubata mutoro.

Sezvatakataura, iyo-yemavhiri ese system inonzi ATTESA E-TS (Yepamberi Yakazara Yekutsemesa Injiniyaig Sisitimu Yese Terrain ine Magetsi Split). Iro zita "mota yemhando dzese" harifanirwe kukutsausa iwe, nekuti iko kushanduka kwemazita emasystem apfuura. Iyo ine yakakosha pamusoro peashure ekisero, ndokuti, iyo yekupedzisira inogona kugamuchira kubva ku100 kusvika 50% yetoriki. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoreva kuti torque yakanangiswa kwariri uye nerubatsiro rweiyo yakakwenenzverwa GKN multi-plate clutch inogona kuendeswa kumberi kubva zero kusvika 50%.

Torque inopfuudzwa kubva kuinjini kuenda kutapuro kuburikidza nekabhoni fiber yakasimbiswa polymer main shaft (main slow slow medium). Iyo giya reshiyo inotungamirwa nemagetsi emagetsi akawanda-ndiro clutch. Munguva yekumhanyisa, iyo torque reshiyo inenge ingangoita 50:50, uchityaira munzira huru, ingangoita torque yese inotungamirwa kune yekumashure axle. Kana maseru emota paanoona kuda kuita skid kana understeer, mizhinji torque inobatwa neshure rekumashure, nepo iine tsika yekukunda, inosvika makumi mashanu muzana yetoriki inobatwa nekisimbi yepamberi. Musiyano wayo wakavhurika, uye neshure (zvakare GKN) ine multi-disc lock (LSD), iyo inogoneswa kana iko kudhonzwa kwechero vhiri kwaderedzwa.

Kunyangwe hazvo iyo GT-R yakachinja zvakanyanya mumakore masere kubvira pakavambwa, simba rechitanhatu-humburumbira unit rakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakutanga 486 kusvika 570 hp, uye torque yakasvika 637 Nm, iyo yakasarudzika dhizaini yesimba remagetsi yasara uye inoramba iri. pamoyo wehunhu hunoshamisa uye hunhu hunesimba hwemota iyi.

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev