Zvemagetsi zvinopfekeka

Kupfeka zvemagetsi kwakatanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX semhete dzemuchato dzeChinese dzine mabacuses.

XVII ramakore Mhete dzemuchato dzeabacus dzekuChina (1) dzaibvumira vanodzipfeka kuti vaverenge nguva refu macalculator asati agadzirwa. 

1. Chinese mini counter

1907 Mugadziri weGerman Juliusz Neubronner anogadzira tateguru weGoPro kamera. Kuti atore mufananidzo wemuchadenga, anonamira kamera kadiki ine timer panjiva dziri kumhanya-mhanya (2).

1947 Bell Telephone Laboratories inogadzira yekutanga yekushanda mhando yejunction transistor. Yakavakwa naJohn Bardeen naWalter Houser Brattain.

1952 Yekutanga kushandiswa kwekutengesa kwe transistor mune inopfekwa mudziyo yaive Zenith kunzwa rubatsiro. Chishandiso ichi chaive nematatu eRaytheon germanium transistors.

3. Regency TR 1 mudziyo, Texas Instruments kambani

1954 Yekutanga miniaturized uye inotakurika transistor radio yaive Regency TR 1 neTexas Instruments (3).

1958-1959 Jack Kilby akavaka dunhu rekutanga rakabatanidzwa, raakagamuchira mubairo weNobel muFizikisi muna 2000. Anenge panguva imwe chete, Robert Noyce aigadzirisa dambudziko rekubatanidza mumaseketi akabatanidzwa-zvinotendwa zvakanyanya kuti zano redunhu rakasanganiswa rakauya kwaari rakazvimiririra paKilby, asi akarivaka mushure memwedzi mishoma. Noyce aive mumwe wevakatanga Fairchild Semiconductor uye Intel.

1960 Yekutanga "inopfekwa" mupfungwa yemazuva ano yeshoko yaive komputa inotakurika yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi dzemasvomhu Edward O. Thorpe naClaude Shannon. Vakaviga mubhutsu yavo mudziyo wekuyera nguva (4), unoshandiswa kunyatsoverenga kuti bhora rinomhara kupi mumutambo weroulette. Nhamba inokwanisika yakaverengerwa yakaziviswa kumutambi kuburikidza nemasaisai eredhiyo.

4. Edward O. Thorpe naClaude Shannon's laptop komputa, yakaiswa mubhutsu.

Nekubudirira kukuru - Thorp akawedzera kuhwina kwake kwekasino ne44%! Gare gare, masayendisiti akatevera akaedza kugadzira zvakatonyanya kujeka michina yerudzi urwu. Izvi zvakakonzera kuunzwa muna 1985 mudunhu reNevada, rinova guta guru rekubhejera reLas Vegas, mutemo unorambidza kushandiswa kwemidziyo yakadaro.

1961 Kutangwa kwe serial kugadzirwa kwedhijitari yakabatanidzwa maseketi.

1971 Clive Sinclair anowana mukurumbira uye hupfumi nekutengesa zvisingadhure zveveruzhinji zvemagetsi macalculator. Musika weBritish unokurumidza kutonga, uye uchivatumira kunze kwenyika muhuwandu.

1972 Kambani yeHamilton Watch inogadzira wachi yekutanga yemagetsi pasi rose, iyo Pulsar P1 Limited Edition (5).

5. Yakaganhurirwa Edition Pulsar P1

1975 Wachi yekutanga yePulsar Calculator inosvika pamusika. Yakave chishandiso chakakurumbira kune vanoda tekinoroji nesainzi. Idzi wachi dzekutanga "smart" dzakasvika pamazuva epakati pema80s, uye kunyangwe mukurumbira wadzo wakazodzikira, makambani mazhinji achiri kugadzira mhando dzemacalculator.

1977 Vakagadzira yekutanga inotakurika hurongwa hwemapofu. Muvambi anozivikanwa saK.S. Collins, inogadzira kamera-yakaiswa musoro inoshandura mufananidzo kuita 1024-inch square 10-dot sensor array inopfekwa pamusoro pevheti.

1979 inogadzira imwe yemidziyo ine mukurumbira yebudiriro yemazuva ano - iyo Walkman kaseti inoridza. Iyo prototype yakagadzirwa naAkio Morita, Masaru Ibuka, uye Kozo Ohsone, uye chinhu chayo chakakosha chaive nzira yekuchinja nzira yakagadzirwa nefurati asi yakafara aluminium uye magnesium fittings, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana huremu hwechishandiso, zvimiro zvidiki, uye panguva imwechete simba guru uye kusimba (6).

6. Sony Walkman Professional WM-D6C

Mudziyo uyu wakagamuchirwa zvinoshamisa pasi rose mumakore ekuma80s, uchitobvisa zvachose mhando dzekare dzekarekodha dzekaseti dzinotakurika kubva pamusika. Iyo yekutanga dhizaini yakadzokororwa muzviuru zveshanduro nevamwe vagadziri, uye zita rekuti "mutambi" rave rakafanana nediki inotakurika kaseti inoridza. Mukutanga 80s, rwiyo rwakatonyorwa pamusoro pake - "Wired for Sound" yakaitwa naCliff Richard.

Ma80. Iko kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemamicroprocessors kwakurudzira kuyedza kwakasiyana mumunda wemagetsi anogona kupfeka. Kune iyo yakatangira yehuwandu hwemhinduro - incl. Magirazi eGoogle Girazi - Steve Mann, muongorori uye muvambi ane hunyanzvi hwekutorwa kwemafoto edhijitari, anopfuura nepo. Mukutanga 80s akatanga chirongwa chake cheEyeTap (7). Mapurojekiti ake akabva aita seanopenga - mune mamwe, munyori aizvifungidzira semudhudhudhu aine TV pamusoro wake. Zvisinei, Mann aida kugadzira muchina waizorekodha zvakaonekwa nemushandisi nemaziso ake, panguva imwe chete ichivabvumira kuona pasina kamera.

7. Steve Mann nezvaakagadzira

Pakati pe-80s (Vhidhiyo) yave kuwanda. Anofarira bhasikoro remugomo Mark Schulze akagadzira ngowani inozivikanwa nekubatanidza camcorder ine inotakurika VCR. Yakanga yakaoma uye inorema, asi zvisingarambiki mberi kwenguva yayo maererano nemafungiro.

1987 Kugadzirwa kwedhijitari yekubatsira kunzwa. Kusiyana neshanduro dzakapfuura, makombiyuta madiki aya aigona kurongwa kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa nemushandisi uye mararamiro. Nekufamba kwenguva, vakawana zvinhu zvitsva, sekukwanisa kuzvigadzirisa kune akasiyana nharaunda, senge maresitorendi ane ruzha, uye kubvisa ruzha rwekumashure.

Ma90. Nekukwira kwemalaptops, iyo yekutanga wave yezvishandiso zvinopfekwa inopinda mumusika. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa wenguva iyi waive Reflection Technology's Private Eye (8), musoro-wakaiswa chiratidziro chakafanana chaizvo neicho chaizove Google Glass.

8. Chigadzirwa chemuongorori wega

Inventor Doug Platt akachinja chiratidziro ichi kuti chishande nekombuta yakavakirwa paDOS, kugadzira imwe yemakomputa ekutanga kupfekwa pasi rose. Vadzidzi veColumbia University vakashandisa iyo Platt system kugadzira yekutanga inozivikanwa "augmented reality" mhinduro. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvaive mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa asina kubva kuyunivhesiti, asi akafuridzira vagadziri vatsva vemagetsi anopfeka.

1994 Yakagadzira yekutanga "wrist komputa" yakagadzirwa naEdgar Matias naMike Ruicci veYunivhesiti yeToronto, pamwe naMike Lamming naMike Flynn's "Forget-Me-Not" mudziyo paXerox EuroPARC, inorekodha nekuchengetedza kudyidzana nevanhu nemidziyo. mudura rezvinyorwa zvezvikumbiro zvinotevera.

1994 DARPA inotanga chirongwa cheSmart Modules, icho chine chinangwa chekutsvaga nzira yehushamwari kumalaptops uye zvemagetsi zvinopfekwa. Makore maviri gare gare, sangano rinoronga musangano we "Wearables in 2005", uchiunganidza vaoni kubva kumaindasitiri akasiyana kuti vawane mhinduro dzakanakisa pamwe chete. Zvichida zita remashopu aya ndiro raive rekutanga kushandiswa kwezita rekuti "kupfeka" mumamiriro eiyo tekinoroji.

DARPA yakazivisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuvandudzwa kwemagirovhosi edhijitari inokwanisa kuverenga tag dzeRFID, mabrooches anonzwa, uye makamera eTV. Nekudaro, iyo ichangobva kumutswa kufarira mumidziyo inopfekeka yakadzikira kumashure mushure memakore mashoma nekuda kwemafashoni emafoni.

2000 Yekutanga headset inooneka.

2001 Yekutanga mimhanzi inoridza modhi inozvarwa.

2002 Sechikamu cheProjekti Cyborg, Kevin Warwick anonyengerera mudzimai wake kuti apfeke chishongo chakabatanidzwa nemagetsi kune yake tsinga sisitimu kuburikidza neyakaiswa electrode array. Ruvara rwehuro rwakachinja zvichienderana nezviratidzo kubva kuKevin's nervous system.

2003 Iyo Garmin Forerunner inooneka - wachi yekutanga mupfungwa yemazuva ano inoteedzera kubudirira kwemitambo yemushandisi. Inoteverwa nemimwe michina yakadai seNike + iPod Fitness Tracking Device, Fitbit uye Jawbone.

2004 Achifemerwa nekusevha muAustralia, Nick Woodman anofunga kuvaka kamera diki, ine hutsinye inotora mifananidzo yakatevedzana yezvaakaita. Yekutanga GoPro modhi (9) inorova pamusika muna 2004.

2010 Oculus VR inosvitsa yekutanga prototype yeOculus Rift, chaiyo chaiyo yekuona magirazi. Iwo akagadzirwa nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemadhora zviuru zviviri nemazana mana nemakumi matatu nemazana mana nemazana mana nemakumi maviri nepfumbamwe paKickstarter crowdfunding saiti. Iyo yevatengi vhezheni yeOculus Rift CV2 yakaburitswa munaKurume 437, 429.

2011 Google iri kugadzira yekutanga prototype yechishandiso chave kunzi Google Girazi (10). Iyi tekinoroji yakavakirwa pakutsvagisa mune zvemauto-akamisikidzwa zviratidziro kubvira 1995. Muna Kubvumbi 2013, Google Glass chikamu cheboka revashandisi vanonzi Glass Explorers vakakumbirwa kuti vaedze pfungwa iyi. Muna Chivabvu 2014, zvishandiso zvakatanga kutengeswa zviri pamutemo nemutengo wekutanga we1500. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, kambani yakamira kutengesa Google Glass Explorer, kunyanya nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvishandiso zvekushandisa. Nekudaro, muna Chikunguru 2017, kudzoka kwechishandiso muBhizinesi bhizinesi vhezheni kwakaziviswa.

2012 Yekutanga smartwatch netsanangudzo yanhasi iPebble (11). A Kickstarter fundraising campaign ye smartwatch yakwidza $10,2 miriyoni. Pebble yakamutsa kufarira kwevatengi mune inopfekeka tekinoroji, izvo zvakazovhura nzira yemazuva ano Apple uye Android smartwatches.

September 2013 Intel iri kuvaka yakanyanyisa simba-inoshanda Quark processor yakagadzirirwa chaizvo chizvarwa chinotevera chemidziyo- inopfekeka, zvishongo, uye zvipfeko-inonziwo Ultra-mobile. Muchiitiko ichi, kuchengetedza simba uye zviduku zviduku zvakakosha kudarika kushanda.

April 2014 Google inopa chikuva chemagetsi anopfekeka, kusvika pari zvino kunyanya kune anonzi mawachi akangwara anonzi Android Wear. Iyi ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yeiyo inonyanya kufarirwa sisitimu yekushandisa yenharembozha. Iyo interface yakavakirwa panhare "mubatsiri" - iyo Google Now application, iyo inopa zviziviso kubva pachishandiso uye ruzivo rungangoda mushandisi panguva ino (semuenzaniso, mamiriro ekunze). Kusimudzira sisitimu nyowani, injini yekutsvaga mogul yakabatana nevazhinji vagadziri vemagetsi, kusanganisira Asus, Broadcom, Fossil, HTC, Intel, LG, MediaTek, MIPS, Motorola, Qualcomm uye Samsung.

January 2015 Premiere yeHoloLens (12), Microsoft yakawedzera chokwadi magirazi. Pamusoro pechishandiso pachacho, kugona kweWindows Holographic chikuva kwakaunzwa zvakare. Mwoyo wemudziyo iyi quad-core 64-bit Intel Atom x5-Z8100 processor ine wachi yekumhanya ye1,04 GHz, uye rutsigiro rwemifananidzo runopihwa neIntel chip yakagadziridzwa inonzi HPU (Holographics Processing Unit). Makamera maviri akaiswa mumagirazi - 2,4 MP (2048 × 1152) uye 1,1 MP (1408 × 792, 30 FPS), pamwe neWi-Fi 802.11ac uye Bluetooth 4.1 modules. Simba rinopihwa ne16 mAh bhatiri.

12. HoloLens magirazi - kuona

April 2015 Apple Watch inopinda mumusika ichimhanyisa iyo watchOS inoshanda sisitimu, iyo yakavakirwa paiyo iOS system inoshandiswa mu iPhone, iPod uye iPad. Inobvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuratidza mameseji kubva pafoni, kupindura mafoni anouya, kudzora mimhanzi kana kamera. MuApp Store, unogona kuwana maapplication anogona kudhawunirotwa eApple Watch ayo anosimudzira kushanda kwayo. Inoenderana nePhones kubva ku iPhone 5 uye pamusoro nesoftware pamusoro peIOS 8, iyo inobatana nayo kuburikidza kana Bluetooth.

Mamwe marudzi emagetsi anopfekeka

Smartwatch

Iri zita rinotsanangurwa semagetsi nharembozha yemhando ye touch screen, saizi yewristwatch, inoita mabasa ese echinyakare chemagetsi wachi uye mamwe mabasa eiyo smartphone, sekuratidza mameseji kubva pafoni, kupindura nhare. , kana kudzora foni. mimhanzi inoridza, pamwe nemamwe mabasa, sekuyera pulse kana nhamba yematanho akatorwa. Kazhinji kazhinji inoshanda pahwaro hweiyo Android Wear, iOS kana Tizen inoshanda sisitimu.

Magajeti emhando iyi anogona kuve nemaapplication akadai se: kamera, accelerometer, vibration siginecha, thermometer, kurova kwemoyo, altimeter, barometer, kambasi, chronograph, Calculator, mbozha nhare, GPS, MP3 player nevamwe. Vagadziri vanoisawo marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutaurirana asina waya mavari, seWi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC uye IrDA. Hurungudo ndiyo yakafanotungamira ma smartwachi anhasi. Parizvino, mutambi mukuru mumusika uyu Samsung ine Gear uye AppleWatch modhi.

magirazi akangwara

Magirazi eSmart anopfekwa semagirazi akajairwa, uye anoshanda sechiratidziro pane rumwe ruzivo rwunoratidzwa uchishandisa augmented reality tekinoroji - semuenzaniso, mepu dzine nzira dzekutyaira, mamiriro ekunze, ruzivo nezve zvinokwezva. Magirazi akangwara anozivikanwa zvikuru iGoogle Girazi, kunyangwe vakwikwidzi vakachipa vakaita seGlassUp, EmoPulse, ION Smart Magirazi, Samsung Smart Magirazi, uye Vuzix M100 vabuda. Zvimwe zvinoda kubatanidza nefoni yako, asi mazhinji anogona kushanda ega.

Fitness trackers

Iri izwi rinozivikanwa. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiwo anonzi mabracelets ekudzidzira wrist. Nekudaro, isu tiri kutaura nezve chero rudzi rwechishandiso chinoyera hutano paramita - semuenzaniso, pachipfuva, pachitsiko kana kunyange mutsipa - uye inotarisisa muviri wemushandisi.

Mazhinji mamodheru anoyera kurova kwemoyo, asi mamwe anorekodha nhanho, reps, kufema kana macalorie akapiswa. Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeNike Fitband, Fitbit, iHealth uye Jawbone. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobatsira kuronga maekisesaizi emushandisi, kuzadzisa zvibodzwa zvekuderedza uremu, uye kuenzanisa kuita kwavo kwemitambo.

Fitness uye hutano hwekutarisisa zvishongo

zvipfeko zvakangwara

anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekutsvagisa dzemayunivhesiti uye maindasitiri marabhoritari. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa, zvipfeko zvakadaro zvinofanira kuita mabasa efoni, kombiyuta uye kit diagnostic kit inotarisa hutano hwemunhu anopfeka. Semuenzaniso, inogonawo kudzora tembiricha yemuviri.

T-shirts kana masweatshirts (seGoogle dhizaini) ane masensor anoongorora kushanda kwenhengo, mwero wekufema uye kutarisa kugona kwemapapu. Ivo zvakare vanoyera nhanho dzedu, gait rhythm uye kusimba, nezvimwe. Iyo data inotumirwa kuburikidza neyakakosha module kune mobile application yemushandisi smartphone. Saizvozvowo neshangu.

Masensa akavakirwa mushangu anofanirwa kuteedzera nhanho yega yega mumhanyi anotora uye kuinyora mune yakakosha sisitimu. Iyo inoenderana software inozoongorora iyo data: kumhanya kumhanya, simba iro tsoka inoiswa naro, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoremerwa. Ruzivo urwu rwunoendeswa kune smartphone uye software inopa mumhanyi mazano ekumubatsira kuvandudza maitiro ake ekumhanya.

Kupfeka zvemagetsi - kwete nevanhu

Zvizhinji uye zvakakurumbira ndeizvo zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga ... mhuka dzinovaraidza, kusanganisira mhuka dzepapurazi, uye kunyangwe dzemusango. Pakati pazvo pane GPS makora, matracker echiitiko, majeti anoteedzera kurova kwemoyo, kufema, uye mamwe ma parameter. Mhuka dzemusango dzakashongedzerwa nemasensor uye ma transmitters, uye kunyangwe makamera, anogona kubatsira ecologists kudzidza zvakatipoteredza nekupa data kubva munzvimbo dzavanogara.

Shaya huro ine muridzo