New metamaterials: chiedza chiri pasi pekutonga
Kuwanda kwemishumo nezve "metamatadium" (mune makotesheni nekuti tsananguro yave kutanga kudzima) inoita kuti tifunge nezvavo senge mushonga wematambudziko ese, marwadzo uye zvipingamupinyi zvinotarisana nenyika yemazuvano yehunyanzvi. Mafungiro anonyanya kufadza munguva pfupi yapfuura anosanganisira optical computing uye chaiyo chaiyo.
muhukama makombiyuta ekufungidzira emangwanaMienzaniso inosanganisira zvidzidzo nenyanzvi kubva kuIsrael TAU University muTel Aviv. Ivo vari kugadzira multilayer nanomaterials iyo inogonesa kugadzirwa kwemakomputa emeso. Nekudaro, vaongorori veSwiss Paul Scherrer Institute vakavaka chinhu chezvikamu zvitatu kubva kubhirioni magineti madiki anokwanisa tevedzera mamiriro matatu ekuunganidza, nekuenzanisa nemvura.
Chii chinogona kushandiswa ichi? VaIsraeri vanoda kuvaka. Iyo Swiss inotaura nezve kuendesa data uye kurekodha, uye spintronics mune zvakajairika.
Matatu-chikamu metamaterial akagadzirwa nemaminimagnets, achitevedzera iwo matatu emvura.
Photons pakukumbira
Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa nemasainzi kuDhipatimendi reMagetsi's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory inogona kutungamira mukugadzirwa kwemakomputa ekuona akavakirwa pane metamatadium. Ivo vanokurudzira kugadzira mhando yelaser furemu iyo inogona kuteya chaiwo mapakeji emaatomu munzvimbo yakati, kugadzira yakanyatso gadzirwa, inodzorwa. light based structure. Inofanana nemakristasi echisikigo. Nemutsauko mumwe - inenge yakakwana; hapana kukanganisa kunoonekwa mune zvakasikwa zvinhu.
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti havazongokwanisa kudzora zvakasimba nzvimbo yemapoka emaatomu mu "chiedza chekristaro", asi zvakare nekushingaira kushandura maitiro emaatomu ega ega achishandisa imwe laser (pedyo-infrared). Vachavamanikidza, semuenzaniso, kuti vabudise rimwe simba pane zvinodiwa - kunyangwe fotoni imwe chete, iyo, ichibviswa kubva pane imwe nzvimbo mukristaro, inogona kukanganisa atomu yakabatwa mune imwe. Ichava rudzi rwekutsinhana kwakapfava kweruzivo.
Iko kukwanisa kukurumidza kusunungura photon nenzira inodzorwa uye kuiendesa nekurasikirwa kwakaderera kubva kune imwe atomu kuenda kune imwe idanho rakakosha rekugadzirisa ruzivo rwe quantum computing. Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kushandisa arrays akazara emafotoni anodzorwa kuita macalculation akaomarara - nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura kushandisa makomputa anhasi. Maatomu akaiswa mukristaro yakagadzirwa anogonawo kusvetuka kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Muchiitiko ichi, ivo pachavo vaizova vatakuri veruzivo mukombuta ye quantum kana kuti vanogona kugadzira quantum sensor.
Masayendisiti akawana kuti maatomu erubidium akanakira zvinangwa zvavo. Nekudaro, barium, calcium kana cesium maatomu anogona zvakare kubatwa neartificial laser crystal nekuti ane simba rakafanana. Kugadzira iyo metamaterial yakatsanangurwa mukuyedza chaiko, timu yekutsvagisa yaizofanira kuteya maatomu akati wandei muine artificial crystal lattice uye kuvachengeta ipapo kunyangwe kana vachinakidzwa kune yakakwirira simba nyika.
Virtual chaiyo isina kukanganiswa kwemaziso
Metamatadium inogonawo kuwana maapplication anobatsira mune imwe nzvimbo iri kusimukira yetekinoroji - . Virtual chaiyo ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinogumira. Kusakwana kwemaziso kunozivikanwa kwatiri kunoita basa rakakura. Zvinenge zvisingabviri kuvaka yakakwana optical system, nokuti pane nguva dzose inonzi aberrations, i.e. kukanganiswa kwemafungu kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Isu tinoziva nezve spherical uye chromatic aberrations, astigmatism, coma uye akawanda, mamwe akawanda akashata mhedzisiro ye optics. Chero ani akashandisa virtual real seti angangove akabata neizvi zviitiko. Hazvibviri kugadzira VR optics iyo isingaremi, inogadzira mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro, isina miraraungu inooneka (chromatic aberrations), ine munda wakakura wekuona, uye yakachipa. Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero vagadziri vemidziyo yeVR - Oculus neHTC - vanoshandisa inonzi Fresnel Lenses. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uwane huremu hushoma, kubvisa chromatic aberrations uye kuwana mutengo wakaderera (zvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwemalenzi akadaro zvakachipa). Nehurombo, mhete refractive mwenje inokonzera w Fresnel lenses kudonha kwakakosha mukusiyana uye kusikwa kwekupenya kwe centrifugal, kunonyanya kucherechedzwa uko chiitiko chine musiyano wakanyanya (mutema kumashure).
Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura masayendisiti kubva kuHarvard University, inotungamirirwa naFederico Capasso, akakwanisa kukura matete uye flat lens uchishandisa metamatadium. Iyo nanostructure layer pagirazi yakatetepa kupfuura bvudzi remunhu (0,002 mm). Haisi chete haina izvo zvakajairwa zvisizvo, asi zvakare inopa zvirinani mhando yemufananidzo pane inodhura optical masisitimu.
Iyo Capasso lens, kusiyana neyakajairwa convex lenzi anokotama nekuparadzira mwenje, inoshandura zvimiro zvemwenje wave nekuda kwe microscopic zvimiro zvinobuda kubva pamusoro, zvakaiswa pagirazi requartz. Imwe neimwe yakadaro inoburitsa chiedza zvakasiyana, ichichinja kwairi kuita. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kugovera nenzira yakarurama nanostructure yakadaro (pattern), iyo yakagadzirwa pamakombiyuta uye inogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira dzakafanana nemapurogiramu emakombiyuta. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rudzi urwu rwe lens runogona kugadzirwa mumafekitori akafanana nekare, uchishandisa maitiro anozivikanwa. Titanium dioxide inoshandiswa pakupfapfaidza.
Zvakakodzera kutaura imwe mhinduro itsva ye "meta-optics". metamaterial hyperlenses, yakagadzirwa kuAmerican University kuBuffalo. Shanduro dzekutanga dze hyperlenses dzakagadzirwa nesirivheri uye dielectric zvinhu, asi dzakangoshanda mumutsara wakamanikana wewavelengths. Masayendisiti eBuffalo akashandisa kurongeka kwakakomba kwematanda egoridhe mune thermoplastic imba. Inoshanda muchiedza chinooneka wavelength range. Vatsvagiri vanoratidza kuwedzera kwekugadzirisa kunobva kune mhinduro nyowani vachishandisa endoscope yekurapa semuenzaniso. Iyo inowanzo ziva zvinhu zvinosvika gumi,10 nanometers, uye mushure mekuisa hyperlenses "inodzika" kusvika 250 nanometers. Iyo dhizaini inokunda dambudziko rekusiyanisa, chiitiko chinoderedza zvakanyanya kugadziriswa kwemaoptical masisitimu - pachinzvimbo chekukanganiswa kwemafungu, anoshandurwa kuita masaisai anogona kunyorwa mune anotevera optical zvishandiso.
Maererano nerimwe bhuku muNature Communications, nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda, kubva pamushonga kusvika pakuona mamorekuru ega ega. Zvakakodzera kumirira chaiyo michina yakavakirwa metamatadium. Zvichida ivo vanozobvumira chaiyo chaiyo kuti pakupedzisira ive budiriro chaiyo. Kana ari "makomputa anopenya," aya achiri kure uye asina kujeka tarisiro. Nekudaro, hapana chinogona kutongerwa kunze ...
