Itsva uye yakasimba. Ndiyo zvikwata izvi zvinofanira kusarudzwa mumotokari dzemazuva ano. Management
Kazhinji injini dzemazuva ano hadzina kubatana nekusimba. Mishonga yakaomesesa inoshandiswa mavari inobatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kushomeka kwemhoteredzo, asi kazhinji hupenyu hwavo hahune chekuita nevakatangira. Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose. Heano 4 injini diki dzichiri kuwanikwa mumotokari nyowani dzaunogona kusarudza usingatyi.
Toyota 1.0 P3
Kunyange Toyota ichida kuzivikanwa nemadhiraivha ayo akasanganiswa, inewo mayunitsi akabudirira epeturu. Iyo diki yeyuniti muEuropean inopa isingasviki 1 litre yakagadzirwa naDaihatsu, iri yerudzi rweJapan iyi, asi isu tinocherekedza mudhudhudhu 1KR-FE nekuita kwakanaka mumhando dzeAygo neYaris. Kubva pakutanga kwayo muna 2005 Chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa muJapan nePoland chinogara chichigamuchirwa zvakanaka., zvichiita kuti ive injini yepamusoro muchikamu chepasi pe1L kanokwana pasarudzo dzepasi rose "Engine of the Year".
Maonero anodiwa anobva pafungidziro dzevagadziri, vaive nechinangwa chimwe neinjini iyi: kuzvichengeta zviri nyore sezvinobvira. Saka, mune 3-cylinder unit inorema 70 kg chete, hapana supercharger, hapana yakananga jekiseni remafuta, hapana chiyero shaft. Chidimburiko cheVVT-i muzita chinoreva masisitimu enguva yevharuvhu, asi pano vanongotonga shaft yekupinda.
Migumisiro yakawanda inogona kutarisirwa kubva mukufungidzira kwakadaro: track dynamics (simba guru rinenge 70 hp, iyo inofanira kunge yakakwana, semuenzaniso, yeYaris ine vanhu vanoverengeka vari mubhodhi) uye tsika yakaderera yebasa, kunyange pasinei nesimba duku. Kune rumwe rutivi, tine mutengo wakaderera wekutenga uye pasi pekugadzirisa mari pano. Iyo base unit muhuwandu zvakare ine mari yakawanda (chaiyo mafuta ekushandisa ndeye 5-5,5 l/100 km, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso) uye inenge isina matambudziko. Kana pane chimwe chinhu chinokundikana muToyota mhando nejini iyi, ndezvimwe zvekutumira zvakadai se clutch. Zvisinei, aya haasi iwo matambudziko achaparadza muridzi.
Peugeot/Citroen 1.2 PureTech
Hupenyu humbowo hwekuti kudzikisira hakuiti nguva dzose kune "kurasa" injini. Pamberi pezviyero zvitsva zvekuburitsa, iyo French inonetsekana PSA muna 2014 yakatanga diki 1.2 peturu unit ine masilinda matatu chete. Yakagadzirwa nemutengo mukuru injini - kusvika zvino - inochengetedza zviyero zvepamusoro. Kutenda kune yakakura simba renji, inogutsa masimba uye yakaderera kutadza mwero, ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa injini kubva kuFrance nhasi. Kubva 2019, mushure mekutorwa kweOpel nePSA, yakagadzirwawo pachirimwa cheboka iri muTychy.
1.2 PureTech yakatanga seinjini yakasikirwa (EB2 musiyano)inoshandiswa pakutyaira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu Peugeot 208 kana Citroen C3. Nesimba re75-82 hp. haisi dhizaini inochinja, asi ine mari uye iri nyore kushanda. Nekudaro, isu tinokurudzira iyo turbocharged sarudzo (EB2DT uye EB2DTS). Iine 110 uye 130 hp yakaenda kumotokari hombe chaizvo seCitroen C4 Cactus kana kuti Peugeot 5008.
Kunyangwe kusikwa kweinjini nyowani kwakarairwa nekupedza gasi toxicity zviyero, vagadziri vayo vakaedza kugadzira. yakasimba uye iri nyore kushandisa mota. Mukuita, iyi inhengo yakasimba, inopesana nekushandiswa kwemafuta emhando yakaderera. Kana paine kudikanwa kwekuita chiito pane saiti, haiwanzo kudhura kupfuura mazana mashoma zlotys.
Nekudaro, injini iyi inoda kugadziridzwa. Mugadziri anokurudzira kutsiva bhandi renguva yega yega 180. km, kunyange nhasi makanika anokurudzira kuderedza nguva iyi kusvika ku120 zviuru. km. Sezvineiwo, kukanganisa uku kwakaverengerwa padanho rekugadzira, uye iko zvino kushanda kwese hakuna mari inopfuura 700 PLN. Kazhinji mafuta anofanira kuchinjwa pano zvakare. Kuve nechokwadi chehupenyu hurefu hwebasa re turbocharger - angangoita 10 zviuru zvemakiromita.
Hyundai/Kia Gamma 1.6
Injini yepeturu yekuKorea 1,6 litre ndiyo yave injini yepeturu inenge yangove mumhando dzinopisa dzeKia neHyundai, apo painouya nemhando yemazuva ano ine jekiseni remafuta akananga uye turbocharging. Yakagadzirwa kubva muna 2010, iyo unit (pamwe chete nediki diki 1,4-litre mapatya) yaivewo neyakareruka kubva pakutanga.
Parizvino, mumotokari yemotokari, iyo iri nyore kwavari, i.e. isina supercharger uye ine multipoint jekiseni, inogona kuwanikwa chete muHyundai ix20. Ikoko inoramba ichibudisa zvinogutsa 125 hp, kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwevhareji kunoratidzwa nevashandisi mu AutoCentrum.pl kushandiswa kwemafuta mushumo weiyi drive version haisi iyo yakaderera (6,6 l / 100 km).
Pakupedzisira, zvakadaro, kusarudza chishandiso ichi kuchiri kukuponesa, nekuti hapana chinenge chakaipa neinjini iyi.. Gare gare magadzirirwo akakwirawo paAustCentrum dhatabhesi, asi yekutanga vhezheni yebhasikoro yaitove nechinhu chimwe chete chisina simba: cheni inotyaira camshafts. Neraki, kutsiva kwayo hakuna kudhura senge mune mamwe akawanda akaomarara madhizaini (1200 PLN inofanirwa kukwana).
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, injini iyi yava sarudzo yakanaka sezvo simba tsime motokari Korean kuti makore akati wandei. Mune shanduro yakasarudzika, mukuwedzera kune Hyundai ix20, yakaonekwawo mumapatya anozivikanwa muPoland Kia Venga, Kia Soul kubva 2009 kusvika 2011, pamwe nemamwe maHyundai i30 uye Kia cee'd modhi.
Mazda Skyactiv-G
Pasi pezita Skyactiv tinogona kuwana ads Mazda huzivi hwekuvaka motokari. Parizvino, ese madhiraivha emhando iyi anogadzirwa zvinoenderana nawo uye nekudaro ave nawo mumazita avo, chete nekuwedzera kwemavara akasiyana. Diesel dzinonzi Skyactiv-D, nepo peturu dzinozvibatidza wega (imwe itsva proprietary Mazda solution) inotengeswa seSkyactiv-X. Echinyakare peturu mayuniti Skyactiv-G anyanya kufarirwa kupfuura aya maviri.
Ivo zvakare vari padyo neSkyactiv's zano, iro rinovavarira kutsvaga kusimba uye kuita mune yakapfava dhizaini uye yakakura kutama. Tichitarisa kumashure, tinogona kubvuma kutendeseka kuti vagadziri veJapan munyaya iyi vakakwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Mushure mezvose, kubva muna 2011 injini kubva mumutsara uyu, saka isu tatoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pavo.
Kuwedzera kune kutama kwakakura (1,3 litita kune diki modhi, 2,0 kana 2,5 litita kune makuru), injini idzi dzinoratidzira reshiyo yepamusoro (14: 1 yeinjini dzepeturu). Zvisinei, izvi hazviiti nenzira ipi zvayo kukanganisa kusimba kwavo, nokuti se hapana tsaona huru dzakashumwa kusvika pari zvino. Kunze kwezvo, hapana zvakawanda zvekupaza pano. Iko kune jekiseni rakananga rine simba rakati wandei rekushanda, asi hapana kuwedzera mune chero chimiro. Nekudaro, kana paine matambudziko akamuka mumakore mashoma anotevera, kugadzirisa kwavo kwakachipa kuchanetsa nekuda kwekushomeka kwekuwana zvikamu zvekutsiva zvinopihwa kubva kuJapan.
