New spaceport, roketi nyowani

Iyo Chang Zheng-201 Version 7 yekumisikidza mota yakasimudzwa kubva Launch Complex LC340 paWenchang Satellite Launch Center paHainan Island.

Musi waChikumi 25, 2016 na12:00:07,413:20 UTC (00:201 China nguva), Chang Zheng-7 vhezheni 340 yemotokari yakasimudzwa kubva kuLaunch Complex LCXNUMX paWenchang Satellite Launch Center paHainan Island.

Kune maChinese, uku kwaive kutanga kwekutanga - haina kungoita cosmodrome nyowani uye roketi nyowani, ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, asi zvakare yakaedza akati wandei matekinoroji, matekinoroji nemidziyo yezvinodiwa zveCestial space chirongwa, kusanganisira muenzaniso weiyo. cockpit yeramangwana spacecraft, iyo yakabudirira kuendeswa kuNyika ndiyo mhinduro kuAmerican Orion kana RF.

Zviteshi zvemuchadenga zviripo

Kusvika ikozvino, PRC ine matatu spaceports, iyo inoisa iyo pamberi penyika maererano nenhamba, nhamba imwechete muRussia, uye imwezve muUnited States. Mamiriro acho anga akanyanya kuipa tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwevatambi vanoshanda, asi zvinoita sekunge nhamba yavo inoenderana zvizere nezvido zvazvino. Yekutanga Chinese spaceport yaive JSLC, i.e. Iyo Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (kunyangwe zita iri rakanga risingazivikanwe kwemakore akati wandei sezvo yaive yakavanzika ballistic missile test saiti iri kushanda kubvira 1958) iri muGansu Province muGobi Desert, ingangoita 1600 km. kubva kuBeijing. Nzvimbo yake yekutanga yakaitika muna 1970, apo People's Republic of China yakava nyika yechishanu (mushure meUSSR, USA, France neJapan) kugona hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka muchadenga. CZ-1 (Chang Zheng, chi. Long March), FB-1 (Feng Bao, chi. Dutu) zvombo zvinokandwa zvakatangwa kubva panzvimbo, uye zvino siyana CZ-2 modhi, kusanganisira CZ-2F pamwe Shenzhou uye CZ manned spacecraft - ina. . Kubva pairi, ma satellites akatangwa munzira yakaderera neinorerekera muhuwandu hwe4-41 °.

Kuvhurwa kwekutanga kweXSLC space rocket kubva kuXichang Space Center muSichuan kwakaitika muna 1984. Iyo cosmodrome yakatarisana nekuvhura maroketi kuti aende kune geostationary orbits, saka inonyanya kufonera uye meteorological, pamwe nesainzi satellite uye mwedzi probes. . Mhando dzose dzemhando yeCZ-3, pamwe neCZ-2C uye CZ-2E, dzakashandiswa pano.

Yekupedzisira Chinese spaceport yaivepo yaive TSLC, kana Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. Iri mudunhu reShanxi, yakatanga mabasa ayo emuchadenga muna 1988. Iyo spaceport ine diki diki rekutanga azimuths, iyo inobvumira kuti ipinde chete circumpolar orbits. Naizvozvo, anenge ega ega Earth Observation satellites akatakurwa neCZ-4 maroketi kubva pano, uye gore rapfuura mota nyowani CZ-6 yakatangwa. Chekupedzisira, zvisinei, chinoreva chizvarwa chitsva chezvombo zvinokandwa.

Makombora azvino

Kusvika pari zvino, China yashandisa angangoita gumi nemaviri emhando dzakasiyana dzemaroketi anofambiswa nemhepo, ari emhando ina huru (CZ-1 ... CZ-4), kuburitsa satellite mu orbit. Ini ndinosiya nemaune dhizaini yakavakirwa pane yakasimba propellant nhanho (Kaituozhe, Kuaizhou kana CZ-11), nekuti aya maroketi atosimuka kamwe chete kana kaviri uye mafambiro awo haana chokwadi, iri ibazi riri kufa reChinese rocket science. .

Pasinei nehukuru uye kutakura simba, huwandu hwematanho uye injini dzinoshandiswa, ese emafuta emafuta maroketi, kana kuti nhanho dzekutanga, anotorwa kubva kumhando mbiri dzekurwisa ballistic makomba DF-3 (Dongfeng-3, CSS-2) kana DF. -5 (Dongfeng-5, US-4). Ivo vanoratidzwa nekushandiswa kwe-self-excited hypergol musanganiswa sehuni. Usymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (inowanzo zivikanwa neChirungu chipfupiso UDMH) sehuturu uye dinitrogen tetroxide (yaimbonzi nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) seoxidizer yaigonesa kwete maRussia Protons, American Titans kana Deltas chete, asi mhuri yese yeChang Zheng. Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvine ngozi zvikuru kwete kuvanhu chete, asiwo kune zvakatipoteredza.

The ambotaurwa CZ zvitundumuseremusere kufukidza kudiwa payload pamusoro 1009200 502200 25005000 makirogiramu kuti yakaderera Earth orbit, kuburikidza 6,5 8 makirogiramu kuti Sun-synchronous orbit, kusvika 3 2 2,3 makirogiramu kuendesa kune geostationary orbit. Makore mazhinji apfuura zvakava pachena kuti pakanga pasina mutakuri unorema wemasetiraiti makuru egeostationary kana spacecraft. Parizvino, hazvina kujairika kuti mhomho yavo ipfuure 20t, uye pane mukana wekuti vawedzere kusvika pamakumi manomwe, uye huwandu hwese satellite hunoiswa mugeostationary orbit neCZ-XNUMXB/GXNUMXt modhi haipfuure. XNUMXt. Chiteshi, icho chichange chine huremu hunosvika zviuru mazana matani.