Yakaomeswa runako - chikamu 2

Nhoroondo yeT + A yakatanga netambo dzemagetsi, iyo yakafadza vagadziri makore mazhinji apfuura. Gare gare ivo vakashongedzwa, saka tinoona zvivharo zverudzi urwu makore mashoma, uye izvi, zvakare, zvinotibvumira kurangarira musimboti wekushanda kwavo.

Haasi ese maT+A (loudspeaker) magadzirirwo aive uye achiri kuita-based. transmission lineNekudaro, zita reiyo Criterion nhevedzano rinogara rakabatana nemhinduro iyi, yakagadziridzwa nekambani kubvira 1982. Muchizvarwa chega chega, idzi dzaive dzakatevedzana dzine masimba emhando yepamusoro, dzakakura kudarika nhasi, asi kuti madhinainasi makuru akafa sei. Saka takaona madhizaini ane maviri woofers 30 masipika, mana-nzira uye kunyange mashanu-nzira (TMP220) maseketi, makabati ane isingawanzo acoustic maseketi, zvakare ane yakaderera frequencies akaiswa mukati (pakati pekamuri ine buri kana kamuri yakavharwa uye refu labyrinth. - semuenzaniso TV160).

Ichi chinyorwa - labyrinth yemhando dzakasiyana dzetambo dzemagetsi - T + A vagadziri vakaenda kusvika pasina mumwe mugadziri. Nekudaro, mukupera kwema90s, kufambira mberi kune mamwe matambudziko kwakadzikira, minimalism yakauya mufashoni, zvigadziriso zvakapusa zvakahwina kuvimba kweaudiophiles, uye "avhareji" mutengi akamira kuyemura hukuru hwevatauri, kazhinji kazhinji ivo vari kutsvaga. chinhu chakapfava uye chinoyevedza. Naizvozvo, pave nekumwe kudzikira mukugadzirwa kwegudzanzwi, imwe pfungwa yakajairika, imwe chikamu chinobva kune zvitsva zvinodiwa pamusika. Yakaderedzwa uye saizi, uye "patency", uye iyo yemukati marongero ehulls. Nekudaro, T+A haina kukanda mapfumo pasi papfungwa yekuvandudza tambo yemagetsi, kuzvipira kunobva kutsika yeCriterion series.

Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa yese yekuvharirwa kwegudzanzwi ichiita setambo yekufambisa haisi T + A kusimudzira. Inoramba, hongu, yakwegura zvikuru.

Iyo idealized transmission line concept inovimbisa acoustic denga pasi, asi mukuita zvinogadzira zvakakomba zvisingadiwe mhedzisiro zvinonetsa kubata nazvo. Havagadzirise nyaya zvirongwa zvakakurumbira zvekutevedzera - kuedza kwakaoma uye kukanganisa kuchiri kuda kushandiswa. Dambudziko rakadaro rakatoodza mwoyo vagadziri vazhinji vachitsvaga mhinduro dzinobatsira, kunyangwe zvichiri kukwezva vazhinji vanoita zvekutamba.

T+A Inodaidza Nzira Yayo Yemazuva Ano kuMutsetse Wekutumira KTL (). Mugadziri anoburitsawo chikamu chenyaya, chiri nyore kutsanangura uye kunzwisisa. Kunze kwekamuri diki repakati, iro, chokwadi, harina chekuita netambo yekutapurirana, hafu yevhoriyamu yese yekabati inogarwa nekamuri yakaumbwa nekukurumidza kuseri kwemawoofer maviri. Iyo "yakabatana" kumugero unoenda kune chekubuda uye zvakare inoumba pfupi pfupi yekupedzisira. Uye zvinhu zvose zvakajeka, kunyange zvazvo kusanganiswa uku kunooneka kwekutanga. Iyi haisi yemhando yekutapurirana mutsara, asi chikamu inverter - ine kamuri ine kumwe kutevedzera (nguva dzose zvichienderana nenzvimbo iyo "yakamiswa" pairi, i.e. maererano nechepamusoro pekuvhura kunotungamira mugero) uye mugero une humwe huwandu hwemhepo.

Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinogadzira resonant wedunhu ine yakagadziriswa (nehuwandu uye susceptibility) resonant frequency - senge muchikamu inverter. Nekudaro, zvine hunhu, mugero wakareba zvakasarudzika uye neyakakura-chikamu-chikamu nzvimbo yechikamu inverter - iyo ine zvese zvakanakira nezvayakaipira, saka mhinduro iyi haishandiswe mune yakajairwa phase inverters. Iyo nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro inobatsira sezvo inoderedza kufambisa kwemhepo uye kubvisa mhirizhonga. Nekudaro, sezvo ichidzikisa zvakanyanya kuteedzera, inoda kuwedzera kuwanda kwemugero nekuda kwekurebesa kwayo kuitira kumisikidza yakakwana yakaderera resonant frequency. Uye mugero wakareba idhiraivha muchikamu inverter, sezvo inotsamwisa kutaridzika kweparasitic resonances. Panguva imwecheteyo, mugero uri muCTL 2100 hauna kureba zvekuti ukonzerese kuchinjika kwechikamu cheiyo yakaderera frequencies, semutsetse wekare wekutapurirana. Mugadziri pachake anosimudza nyaya iyi, achiti:

"Mutsetse wekutapurirana unopa zvakakomba mabhenefiti pamusoro pebass reflex system, asi inoda yakanyanyisa dhizaini (...), nzira yekurira kuseri kwewoofers (mumutsara wekutapurirana) inofanirwa kunge yakareba - senge nhengo - zvikasadaro ma frequency akaderera haaite. kugadzirwa. "

Zvinonyatso kufadza kuti kana uchigadzira chiziviso chakadaro, mugadziri haangoiti chete kuti aite maererano nazvo, asiwo anobudisa zvinhu (kesi chikamu) achisimbisa kusiyana uku. Sezvineiwo, ma frequency akaderera anogadzirwa chete nekuita kwete tambo yekutapurirana, asi kungononoka bass reflex system, iyo "nenzira yayo" inosuma inobatsira chikamu chekuchinja pasina kuda mugero nehurefu hwakabatana neinotarirwa cutoff frequency - izvi zvinoenderana nemamwe masisitimu ma paramita, kunyanya kubva kuHelmholtz resonant frequency inotemerwa nekuteerera uye kuwanda. Isu tinoziva fenzi idzi (zvakare dzakashandurwa setambo dzemagetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti dziwedzere kunaka), asi chokwadi ndechekuti T + A yakawedzera chimwe chinhu kwairi - iyo nzira pfupi pfupi yakafa isati yave pano kubva parade.

Nzira dzakadaro dzinowanikwawo mumakesi ane mitsara yekufambisa, asi yakawanda yekare, isina kamera yekukurukurirana. Vanoita kuti mafungu anoratidzwa kubva mugero remapofu adzokere kumashure muchikamu, achibhadhara zvisingafadzi resonances yemugero mukuru, izvo zvinogona zvakare kuve zvine musoro muchiitiko chechikamu inverter system, sezvo parasitic resonances inoumbwawo mairi. Iyi pfungwa inosimbiswa nekucherechedza kuti nzira yebofu ine hafu yakareba seyo huru, uye iyi ndiyo mamiriro ekubatana kwakadaro.

Kupfupisa, iyi haisi tambo yekufambisa, kazhinji inverter yechikamu ine imwe mhinduro, inozivikanwa kubva kune mamwe mitsara yekufambisa (uye isu hatisi kutaura nezve chiteshi chakareba, asi nezve ipfupi). Iyi vhezheni yechikamu inverter ndeyekutanga uye ine zvayakanakira, kunyanya kana sisitimu ichida mugero wakareba (kwete hazvo chikamu chakakura kudaro).

Kushaikwa chaiko kwemhinduro iyi, muzvikamu zvinokurudzirwa neT+A (ine mugero wakakura wakadai wemuchinjiko), ndeyekuti iyo tunnel system inotora hafu yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekasi, nepo vagadziri vanowanzo kumanikidzwa kudzikamisa iyo. saizi yechimiro kune kukosha pasi peiyo optimum yekuwana yakanakisa mhedzisiro (uchishandisa yakagadziriswa matauri).

Saka isu tinogona kugumisa kuti T + A yakadyiswa zvakare netambo yekutapurirana uye inouya nemakesi anotoita basa rechikamu inverters, asi zvakadaro anogona kutora mitsara yakanaka. Mugero wakapinda nemumadziro epasi, saka akareba zvakakwana (masendimita mashanu) masipikisi aidiwa kugadzirira kugovera kwemahara kwekumanikidza. Asi iyi zvakare mhinduro inozivikanwa ... phase inverters.

Mutsetse wekutapurirana uchingotarisa

Kuseri kwewoofers kune kamuri huru, uye chete kubva ipapo tunnels inoenda - imwe ipfupi, yakavharwa pamagumo, imwe yacho yakareba, nekubuda mupaneti yepasi.

Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuvharirwa kwetambo yekufambisa yaive yekugadzira yakanaka acoustic mamiriro ekunyorovesa wave kubva kumashure kwediaphragm. Rudzi urwu rwekuvharirwa rwaifanirwa kunge rwusina resonant system, asi kungoisa simba kubva kumashure kwediaphragm (iyo yaisagona "kungoita" kubvumidzwa kupenya zvakasununguka nekuti yaive muchikamu nedivi remberi re diaphragm. ) )

Mumwe munhu achati reverse side ye diaphragm inopenya zvakasununguka muzvikamu zvakazaruka ... Hongu, asi kururamisa kwechikamu (zvishoma uye zvichienderana nehuwandu) kunopihwa ipapo nechikamu chakafara chinosiyanisa chinhambwe kubva kumativi ese ediaphragm kusvika. muteereri. Nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwechikamu chikuru chekuchinja pakati pekubuda kubva kumativi ese e membranes, kunyanya mune yakaderera frequency renji, iyo yakashata yekuvhurika baffle ishoma kugona. Muchikamu inverters, rutivi rwekumashure rwe diaphragm rinokurudzira resonant circuit yemuviri, simba rayo rinopenya kunze, asi iyi system (inonzi Helmholtz resonator) inoshandurawo chikamu, kuitira kuti resonant frequency yemuviri. yakakwira pamusoro pehupamhi hwese, chikamu chemwaranzi yedivi remberi remutauri diaphragm uye gomba rakawanda - risingaenderane.

Pakupedzisira, kabati yakavharwa ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekuvhara uye kudzvinyirira simba kubva kumashure kwediaphragm, pasina kuishandisa, pasina kukanganisa mhinduro yemafungiro (inobva ku resonant circuit ye ​​bass reflex cabinet). Nekudaro, kunyangwe basa rakadaro redzidziso rakapfava rinoda kushingaira - masaisai anobudiswa mukati mekesi anorova madziro ayo, anoita kuti azununguke, aratidze uye agadzire masaisai akamira, adzokere kune diaphragm, uye asuma zvinokanganisa.

Zvingave zviri nani kana gudzanzwi raigona "kufambisa" simba rakasununguka kubva kumashure kwediaphragm kuenda kune yekutaura sisitimu, iyo yaizonyorovesa zvachose uye pasina matambudziko - pasina "mhinduro" kune gudzanzwi uye pasina vibration yemadziro ekanzuru. . Nechepfungwa, sisitimu yakadai ichagadzira muviri wakakura kwazvo kana mugero wakareba, asi ... iyi imhinduro inoshanda.

Zvaiita sekuti kureba kwakaringana (asi kwatopera kare), yakadhirowewa (ichinyura zvishoma kusvika kumagumo) uye mugero wakanyoroveswa waizozadzisa izvi zvinodikanwa kusvika padanho rinogutsa, uchishanda zvirinani pane yekare yakavharwa casing. Asi zvakaratidzawo kuti zvakaoma kuwana. Iwo akadzika mafrequency akareba zvekuti kana mashoma emamita akareba ekutamisa tambo inopotsa isingainyudze kunze. Kunze kwekunge, chokwadi, isu "tinoiisazve" nezvinhu zvinonyorovesa, izvo zvinozosvibisa kuita mune dzimwe nzira.

Nokudaro, mubvunzo wakamuka: mutsara wekutumira unopera pamagumo here kana kuti uchisiya wakazaruka uye kusunungura simba rinosvika pairi?

Zvinenge zvese sarudzo dzemagetsi emagetsi - zvese zvekare uye zvakakosha - iva nelabyrinth yakavhurika. Nekudaro, pane imwechete yakakosha kusarudzika - iyo kesi yepakutanga B&W Nautilus ine labyrinth yakavharwa kumagumo (muchimiro chehozhwa yehozhwa). Zvisinei, izvi zviri munzira dzakawanda chimiro chakananga. Yakabatanidzwa newoofer ine yakaderera mhando yemhando, maitiro ekugadzirisa anodonha zvakanaka, asi kare kare, uye mune fomu rakasvibira rakadaro haakodzeri zvachose - inofanirwa kugadziriswa, kukwidziridzwa uye kuenzana kune inotarisirwa frequency, iyo. inoitwa neNautilus inoshanda crossover.

Mumitsara yakashama yekufambisa, yakawanda yesimba rinoburitswa nekuseri kwediaphragm rinobuda. Basa remutsara muchikamu rinoshanda kuidzikisa, izvo, zvisinei, zvinoshanduka kunge zvisingabatsiri, uye chikamu - uye saka zvichiri zvine musoro - kune chikamu chekuchinja, nekuda kweiyo wave inogona kuburitswa, zvirinani mune mamwe ma frequency renji. , muchikamu chinenge chinoenderana nemwaranzi yechikamu kubva kumberi kwediaphragm. Nekudaro, kune mitsara umo masaisai kubva kune aya masosi anobuda anenge ari antiphase, saka kushaya simba kunoonekwa mune inokonzeresa hunhu. Kuzvidavirira kwechiitiko ichi kwakawedzera kuomesa dhizaini. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuwiriranisa kureba kwemugero, rudzi uye nzvimbo yekudzikisira nehuwandu hwegudzanzwi. Zvakazoitikawo kuti hafu-wave uye quarter-wave resonances inogona kuitika mugero. Pamusoro pezvo, mitsara yekutapurirana iri mumakabati ane akajairwa ezvitaurisa zvimiro, kunyangwe akakura uye akareba, anofanira "kumonyoroka". Ndicho chikonzero iwo akafanana nelabyrinths - uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chelabyrinth chinogona kugadzira resonances dzayo.

Kugadziriswa kwemamwe matambudziko nekuwedzera kuomesa nyaya kunomutsa mamwe matambudziko. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti haugone kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani.

Mukuongorora kwakapfava tichitarisa chete reshiyo yehurefu hwemaze kusvika kuwavelength, maze yakareba inoreva kureba kwewavelength, zvichibva zvashandura mafambiro echikamu chakanakira kuenda kune yakaderera uye kuwedzera kushanda kwayo. Semuyenzaniso, iyo inonyanya kushanda 50 Hz kukwidziridzwa kunoda 3,4 m maze, sezvo hafu ye50 Hz wave ichafamba chinhambwe ichocho, uye pakupedzisira mukoto unobuda unopenya muchikamu nechemberi kwediaphragm. Nekudaro, kaviri frequency (mune iyi kesi, 100 Hz), iyo wave yese inoumbwa mune maze, saka inobuda inopenya muchikamu chakatarisana nechekumberi kwe diaphragm.

Mugadziri weiyo yakapfava tambo yekufambisa anoedza kuenzanisa kureba uye kudzikisira nenzira yekuti atore mukana wekuwana mhedzisiro uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yeattenuation - asi zvakaoma kuwana musanganiswa unowedzera zvirinani kudzikisira zvakapetwa kaviri mafrequency epamusoro. . Zvakatonyanya kuipa, kurwisana nemafungu anokonzera "anti-resonances", i.e., inoputsika pane inoguma maitiro (mumuenzaniso wedu, munharaunda ye100 Hz), nekunyanya kudzvinyirira, kazhinji inoguma mukukunda kwePyrrhic. Iyi attenuation yakaderedzwa, kunyange isina kubviswa, asi panguva yakaderera frequencies basa racho rakarasika zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa kwevamwe uye mune izvi zvinobatsira resonant migumisiro inoitika munharaunda iyi yakaoma. Tichifunga nezvavo mune mamwe madhizaini epamberi, kureba kwelabyrinth kunofanirwa kuve kwakabatana neiyo resonant frequency yegudzanzwi pachayo (fs) kuti uwane yekuyamura murudzi urwu.

Zvinoitika kuti, zvinopesana nemafungiro ekutanga pamusoro pekusavapo kwesimba rekufambisa tambo pagudzanzwi, iyi iacoustic system ine mhinduro kubva kune loudspeaker kunyange kusvika pamwero mukuru pane yakavharwa cabinet, uye yakafanana phase inverter. - kunze kwekunge, hongu, labyrinth haina jammed, asi mukuita makabati akadaro anonzwika akaonda kwazvo.

Pakutanga, vagadziri vakashandisa "mano" akasiyana-siyana kudzvinyirira antiresonances pasina kunyorova kwakasimba - ndiko kuti, neanoshanda yakaderera-frequency radiation. Imwe nzira ndeyekugadzira imwe "bofu" mugero (ine hurefu hwakanyatsoenderana nehurefu hwemugero mukuru), umo mafungu eimwe frequency anozoratidzwa uye anomhanya kune zvinobuda muchikamu chakadaro kutsiva iyo kushata kwechikamu chekuchinja kwemasaisai kunotungamira kune zvinobuda zvakananga kubva kune gudzanzwi.

Imwe nzira yakakurumbira ndeyekugadzira kamuri 'inosungirirana' kuseri kwegudzanzwi iyo ichaita seacoustic sefa, ichirega yakaderera frequencies kupinda maze nekuchengetedza epamusoro kunze. Nekudaro, nenzira iyi resonant system ine yakadudzwa phase inverter maficha inogadzirwa. Mhosva yakadaro inogona kududzirwa sechikamu inverter ine tunnel yakareba kwazvo yechikamu chikuru chemuchinjikwa. Kune bass-reflex makabati, vatauri vepasi veQts vane theoretically akakodzera, uye kune yakanaka, yekirasi yekutumira mutsara isingakanganise mutauri, akakwirira, kunyange akakwirira kupfuura mumakabati akavharwa.

Zvisinei, kune mafenzi ane "chimiro" chepakati: muchikamu chekutanga, labyrinth ine chikamu chakakura chemuchinjikwa chakakura pane chinotevera, saka inogona kuonekwa sekamuri, asi kwete ... icharasikirwa nechikamu chayo inverter properties. Iwe unogona kushandisa vamwe vatauri uye wovaisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva pakubuda. Iwe unogona kugadzira zvinopfuura chimwe chinobuda.

Iyo tunnel inogona zvakare kukwidziridzwa kana kutetepa yakananga kunobuda…

Hapana mitemo yakajeka, hapana mabikirwo ari nyore, hapana vimbiso yekubudirira. Pane kunakidzwa uye kuongorora kumberi - ndosaka mutsara wenhepfenyuro uchiri musoro kune vanofarira.

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