Omar - crustacean yakasimba kwazvo yePolish artillery

Kupfura kunoshanda kweHIMARS yekuvhura panguva yekurwa yehondo yeGMLRS inotungamirwa missile.

Urongwa hwezve hunyanzvi hwezve midziyo yeArmed Forces ye2013-2022 inopa kutengwa kwedivisional fire modules (DMOs) yeakareba-range missile launchers "Khomar" sechikamu chechirongwa chekushanda "Modernization of missile forces uye artillery. " Ministry of National Defense yasarudza kuti Homar ichagadzirwa sechikamu chemubatanidzwa wemakambani ePoland anotungamirwa naHuta Stalowa Wola SA, iyo ichagadzira kushandira pamwe nemumwe wekune imwe nyika akasarudzwa neBazi reDziviriro yeNyika - mutengesi wekombikinoroji. Sarudzo dzekuti ndiani angave muridzi werezinesi uye kusaina kondirakiti yekuitwa kwemabasa ese anogona kutarisirwa gore rino, uye yekutanga Lobster modules ichaendeswa kumayuniti mu2018.

Chirongwa chaHomar chiri pamutemo - munhau uye propaganda - inounzwa sekudanwa. Mhinduro yePolish kuna Iskander, uye zvakanyanya sechikamu chezvinonzi. Polskie Kłów, ndiko kuti, yakaoma yemissile masisitimu iyo inofanirwa kuumba iyo yePoland system yeyakajairwa kudzivirira. Pamusoro peiyo nuances yedzidziso yeyakajairwa missile deterrence uye propaganda rondedzero yakataurwa pakutanga, iyo inomutsa chirevo chinozivikanwa nezve gooseberry semuzambiringa weNorth, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kudzoreredza uye kuwedzera kweRocket yedu. uye Artillery Forces (VRiA) inofanirwa nekuda kwebasa rakakura rinoitwa nemauto erudzi urwu panhandare yehondo yemazuva ano. Uye zvakare, kubudirira kwekuita kwechirongwa cheHomar kuchawedzera rocket artillery zvikamu. Parizvino, vanongova ne122 mm field missile masisitimu: WR-40 Langusta, RM-70/85 uye 9K51 Grad, iyo inobvumira kupfura munzvimbo dzinosvika makumi maviri emakiromita (nemakomba ekutanga) uye anosvika 20 km (neFeniks- Z uye Feniks-HE), vachishandisa maroketi asina kutungamirwa chete. Kuunzwa kwemhando nyowani nyowani yeakawanda-barrel field rocket launcher "Khomar" muchombo inofanira kuwedzera huwandu hwemoto, pamwe nekurongeka uye firepower. Homar zvakare inoitirwa kuvaka patsva arsenal yekuPoland yeakatungamirirwa tactical ballistic missile.

Kare neremangwana

Kuunzwa kwerudzi rutsva rwetactical ballistic missile kubva kuKhomar kuchanyatso kudzoreredza hunyanzvi hwekurwisa hwakarasika nekubviswa kwe9K79 Tochka missile system. Panguva yeWarsaw Pact, iyo VRiA yePoland yaive neanoshanda-tactical missile brigades uye tactical missile squadrons, izvo mukurarama kwavo zvese zvaive zvakashongedzerwa neSoviet missile masisitimu, akanyorwa mudzidziso yezvino yekushanda kweWarsaw Pact. Panguva yekuparara kwemubatanidzwa uyu, mabrigade mana - kusanganisira yekudzidziswa - yeanokatyama-tactical makombo muchokwadi chitsva chezvematongerwo enyika akatumidzwa zita rekuti missile regiments, ndokuzobviswa nekupera kwekushanda kwe8K14 / 9K72 Elbrus complexes. , ane hunyanzvi uye tekinoroji paramita dzakafanotemerwa kurova chete zvisina kujairika (nyukireya kana makemikari). Kune rimwe divi, angangoita gumi nemaviri mauto eanokasira akatanga kurongeka patsva, akabatanidzwa kuita tactical missile regiments, ndokuzopedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore aitevera. Nekudaro, iyo 9K52 Luna-M uye 9K79 Tochka masisitimu yakaramba iri musevhisi kwechinguva chidiki, yakabviswa zvachose kubva kubasa muna 2001 uye 2005. yakanga isingakoshi. Zvisinei, Lun naTochka vakabviswa vasina kuchinjwa nemidziyo mitsva, uye naizvozvo Ground Forces yakarasikirwa nekukwanisa kuunza kurohwa kwemamissile kure nemakiromita 60-70. Iye zvino iwe unofanirwa kutanga zvese zvese kubva pakatanga neiyo Lobster chirongwa.

Zvakakodzera kuwedzera pano kuti uto rePoland harina kumboshongedzerwa nemasisitimu emumunda emhando yakakura kupfuura Grad, kureva, 9K57 Uragan (220 mm) kana 9K58 Smerch (300 mm). Naizvozvo, kuitwa kwechirongwa cheKhomar kunobvumira, kune rumwe rutivi, kuwana hunyanzvi hutsva mumunda weakawanda-kudonhedza masisitimu (kunyanya, kana tikafunga nezve kuvandudzwa kwezvigadziriso zvemisheni ivo pachavo, inoitwa pamusoro pe makumi maviri emakore apfuura) uye panguva imwechete kudzoreredza kugona kwekurwa mumunda wepamusoro-chaiyo ballistic operation tactical makombora. Saka ngationei izvo zvinopihwa zvaunogona kusarudza kubva.

HIMARS ATACMS

Munhangemutange yekondirakiti yeramangwana Lobster, Lockheed Martin (LMC) uye HIMARS yayo (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System), i.e. yakanyanya mobile artillery missile system, hongu, vane chinzvimbo chakasimba kwazvo. Nechimiro, inotorwa kubva kune yakare-inozivikanwa sisitimu M270 MLRS (yakawanda rocket launcher system), yakaunzwa kuUS Army muna 1983. Iwo ekutanga eMLRS ekuvhura, iyo M993, yakashandisa iyo M987 yakateedzerwa chassis. Imwe neimwe MLRS launcher yaive ne6 227 mm caliber modular missile masisitimu aine mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nenomwe kutenderera imwe neimwe. Mhando yeroketi yakajairwa yaive M26 isina kutariswa ine huwandu hwe32 km, yakatakura cluster warhead ine 644 M77 yakakwirira-inoputika fragmentation rounds. Nenguva isipi, iyo M26A1 missile yakagadziridzwa nehupamhi yakawedzera kusvika 45 km, yakatakura 518 mitsva yeM85 HEAT sub-rockets, yakavimbika kupfuura iyo M77 (yakaderera muzana yeasina kuputika ordnance). Paive zvakare nechombo chepakati, iyo M26A2, iyo yakanga yakafanana neiyo A1 vhezheni mukugadzira, asi ichiri yakatakura zvombo zveM77 zvekubatsira kusati kwagadzirwa kweM85 itsva kwasvika pachiyero chakakodzera.

Iyo M270 / A1 / B1 MLRS sisitimu yakave yakabudirira dhizaini, yakazviratidza mumakakatanwa mazhinji ane zvombo, uye yakawana vakawanda vanogamuchira muNATO (USA, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Turkey) uye haina chete (kusanganisira Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea, Finland). Mukufamba kwayo, iyo MLRS muna 1986 yakavawo mbavha yechizvarwa chitsva chehunyanzvi (maererano neNATO kupatsanurwa) mabhomba anokandwa eUS Army, i.e. mauto tactical missile system MGM-140 (ATACMS), iyo yakatsiva yekare MGM-52 Lance.

ATACMS yakatanga kugadzirwa neLing-Temco-Vought Corporation (LTV, yakazove chikamu cheboka reLoral, ikozvino Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control). Huyero hweroketi hwakaita kuti ikwanise kurodha chigaba chayo chekuvhura panzvimbo pepasuru imwe chete ye227-mm kutenderera, nekuda kwekuti iyo MLRS yaigona kuita ballistic missile launcher.

Nekudaro, iyo MLRS, nekuda kwekutakura kwayo gonye inorema matani makumi maviri neshanu, yaive nehunyanzvi hwekufamba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Mauto eUS chete akashandisa MLRS muUS Armed Forces, uye yairema kuMarine Corps. Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi, shanduro yakareruka yeM25 yakagadzirwa, i.e. sisitimu yakasarudzwa muUS seM270 HIMARS, inosimudzirwa seHIMARS muPoland. Iyo itsva system inoshandisa 142-ton off-road rori kubva kuOshkosh FMTV yakatevedzana mune 5x6 gadziriso semutakuri. Chassis yaro yakashongedzerwa neanovhura paki imwe yematanho matanhatu 6mm kana imwe ATACMS kutenderera. Kuderedza uremu hwekurwa kusvika matani gumi nerimwe uye zvidiki zvidiki zvakatungamira

kuti HIMARS yakatengawo USMC. Marines zvino anogona kutakura maHIMARS ekuvhura akakwira KC-130J Super Hercules ndege yekutakura yavanoshandisa. IAmerican HIMARS ine macockpits ezvombo, ayo anovandudza kuchengetedzeka, kusanganisira muhondo yeasymmetric. Iyo komputa yekudzora moto system inobvumidza iwe kutungamira chinovhura uye moto kubva mukati memotokari. Iyo navigation system inoshandisa inertial mapuratifomu uye GPS.

Nekusarudza HIMARS, Poland inogona kuzvimiririra kusarudza matatu- kana mana-ekisi mutakuri. LMC inopa kubatanidzwa nechero chassis, saka FMTV haifanirwe kunge iri exotic yePolish Army.

Iyo HIMARS missile launcher yakasungirirwa pachigadziko chinotenderera, nekuda kwekuti iyo system inogona kusarudza zvakasununguka nzvimbo yekupfura uye ine nzvimbo yakakura yemoto, iyo inoderedza nguva yekupinda muhondo uye kuchinja nzvimbo. Kuda kuziva munyaya yeHIMARS ndiko kurambwa kwekupeta makumbo ehydraulic, izvo zvinoita kuti mupfuri wepfuti azungunuke zvine chisimba mushure mekunge projectile yega yega yadzingwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvikanganisi kururama kwemoto. Sei? Nekuda kweiyo pfungwa yakagamuchirwa yekushandisa, HIMARS inodzima chete yakakwirira-chaiyo cartridges, i.e. M30/M31 mu227mm uye ATACMS. Ehe, HIMARS inokwanisa kupfura chero MLRS Family of Munitions (MFOM) pfuti, kusanganisira M26 neM28 isina kutungamirwa rocket mhuri. Kuzununguswa kwevanovhura, kunoonekwa mushure mekupfura MFOM pfuti, hakukanganise iko kurongeka kwekurova makomba, zvese zvakatungamirwa uye zvisina kutungamirwa. Iyo M26 isina kutungamirwa purojekiti inosiya yekutanga chubhu gwara mhinduro yayo isati yanzwikwa zvakakwana kuti ikanganisa chokwadi. Mushure mekupfurwa, iyo yakamira yakamira inokurumidza kumira, ichibvumira iyo inotevera salvo kuti iwane inodiwa yekuvavarira chokwadi.

Mapombi M30 / M31 anozivikanwa seGMLRS (Guided MLRS), inova MLRS inotungamirwa inokwanisa kufamba nekugadzirisa nzira panguva yekubhururuka. Iwo kuvandudzwa kweM26 isina kutungamirwa maroketi. Yese chipotsera chakashongedzerwa neruzha-insulating steering system yakavakirwa pane inertial uye satellite GPS navigation, mhino ine aerodynamic rudders. Iko kukwanisa kugadzirisa nzira (pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kwayo) yeprojekti inouya yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera rwendo rwendege kusvika ku70 km (min. 15 km) uye panguva imwechete kuderedza Probable circular error (CEP) kusvika pasi pe10. m. GMLRS ine hurefu hunoita 396 cm uye hongu 227 mm (nominal ) mudhayamita. Pakutanga, roketi yeM30 yakatakura 404 M85 sub-rockets. M31, inonziwo GMLRS Unitary, yakanga ine musoro wehondo wakabatana une TNT yakaenzana ne90 kg, yakashongedzerwa nefiyuzi inoita kaviri (kubata kana kunonoka kuputika nekupinda mukati). Iyo yazvino vhezheni yeGMLRS imwe mukugadzira ndeye M31A1, iyo ine imwezve airburst sarudzo nekuda kweiyo fiyuzi yepedyo. Lockheed Martin zvakare akakodzera iyo M30A1 AW (Alternative Warhead). Iyo inoratidzirwa nekusangana nezvinodiwa zveM30 missile inenge 1% pakatarisana nepamusoro pezvinangwa zvakasanganiswa ne zero level yepfuti.

Munyika, mamburekisheni ane, zvinosuruvarisa, yakaipa kwazvo PR, saka boka guru renyika rakabatana nevanonzi. Convention on Cluster Munitions, kurambwa kwezvombo zvakadaro. Neraki, Poland haisi pakati padzo, kana nyika dzinoverengeka dzinotora dziviriro zvakakomba kana vagadziri vezvikwata zvemasumbu, kusanganisira US neIsrael (zvakare Russia, China, Turkey, Republic of Korea, India, Belarus neFinland). ) Mumwe anogona kushamisika kana Poland yaizoda isina kuvharwa 227mm masumbu mauto. Panyaya iyi, vamiriri veLMC vakagadzirira kukurudzira kushandiswa kweM30A1 AW warhead.

Nekutenga iyo HIMARS sisitimu, Poland yaigona zvakare kuwana kudzidziswa zvombo, i.e. maroketi asina kutungamirwa M28A2 ane aerodynamics nemaune uye huwandu hwakaderedzwa kusvika 8÷15 km.

Ese makomba e227mm anogona kuchengetwa mumamodules akavharwa kwemakore gumi pasina kudiwa kwekugadziriswa.

Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza kunaka kweiyo HIMARS system kubva pakuona kwemushandisi (kunyanya kune nyika dzisingakwanisi kuunzwa kweakawanda akasiyana masisitimu ezvombo) - kugona kushandura nyore uye nekukurumidza kushandura artillery launcher kuita ballistic missile launcher. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo ATACMS missile yataurwa pamusoro apa. Isu tichapfuura nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwayo, tichizviisa pachedu kune sarudzo yakarongwa kuPoland. Ndiyo mutsauko weATACMS Block 1A (Unitary) - ine musoro mumwe chete usingaparadzanise mukubhururuka - nerwendo rwemakiromita mazana matatu, i.e. mashandiro-tactical missile (maererano neaimbova kupatsanurwa kweWarsaw Pact) - zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvechirongwa cheHomar. Iyo ATACMS yakaumbwa nefuselage conical fuselage yaive yakashongedzerwa neina aerodynamic nzvimbo inoitika mushure mekupfurwa. Inenge 300/2 yehull hull inogarwa neiyo yakasimba propellant injini. Musoro wehondo uye hurongwa hwekutungamira hwakaiswa kumberi, uchishandisa jam-resistant inertial uye satellite GPS kufamba. Iyo bara ine urefu hunosvika 3 cm uye dhayamita inenge masendimita 396. Musoro wehondo unorema mapaundi 61 (anenge 500 kg - uremu hwepurojekiti yose yakavanzika). CEP inosvika pakukosha mukati me230 m, ichiita Block IA yakanyatsojeka zvokuti inogona kushandiswa pasina kutya kukonzeresa kukuvadza kwakanyanya kwetsaona (radius yekuparadzwa inenge 10 m). Izvi zvingava zvinokosha zvikuru kana chombo chacho chaikandwa pazvinenge zvichinangwa mumaguta kana kuti chakanangana nemauto omunhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, magadzirirwo ehondo uye nzira yekuputika kwayo, maererano nevamiririri veBMO, yakakwana maererano nekurova zvinobudirira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinangwa, zvose zvakasimbiswa uye zvinonzi zvinyoro. Izvi zvakaratidzwa zvese panguva yekukodzera bvunzo uye panguva yekurwa kushandiswa.

Iyo yekuvhura yeiyo Lynx system inodzima 160mm LAR projectiles.

Nenzira, kusimba kwechikumbiro cheLMC ndizvo chaizvo mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwekurwisa kweGMLRS neATACMS makomba uye mavhoriyamu ekugadzira. Parizvino, 3100 GMLRS zvombo zvinokandwa zvakapfurwa muhondo (kubva pane zvinopfuura 30 zvakagadzirwa!). Kune rumwe rutivi, 000 zvidimbu zvezvose zvakagadziridzwa zveATACMS zvikomba zvakatogadzirwa (kusanganisira 3700 Block IA Unitary), uye vazhinji vanosvika 900 vavo vakadzingwa mumamiriro ekurwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti iyo ATACMS ingangove inonyanya kushandiswa yemazuva ano inotungamirwa ballistic missile muhondo muhafu yekupedzisira yezana ramakore.

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti Lockheed Martin's HIMARS inopa kuna Homar inzira yakavimbika zvikuru, yakatsigirwa nehondo uye inoshanda inoratidzirwa nekunyanya kuwanikwa kwekushanda, zvichikonzera kurwa kwakanyanya. Iyo inoshanda yehurongwa mu300 km inopa kugona kuendesa nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana kurova. Kudyidzana uye kubatana nevamwe vadyidzani veNATO kunoita kuti zvikwanise kutsigira kushanda pamwe chete, uye zvingavewo kuwedzera zvine musoro kune yakatorairwa AGM-158 JASSM aviation system. Lockheed Martin akagadzirira kushandirapamwe zvakanyanya neindasitiri yekudzivirira yePoland mukupihwa kweHIMARS-based Homar system, iyo inobvumira kuwanda kwepoloniization, pamwe nekuchengetedza kwavo uye kunotevera kwemazuva ano.

Imwe pfuti yeLynx launcher, panguva ino ichipfura 160mm Accular precision missile.

lynx

Makambani eIsrael, i.e. Israel Military Industries (IMI) neIsrael Aerospace Industries (IAI) vakaita chikumbiro kuUS, uye zvirevo zvavo zvechirongwa cheHomar zvinowirirana. Ngatitangei nehurongwa hwakagadziridzwa neIMI, iyo Lynx modular multi-barrel field rocket launcher.

Iyo Rysi pfungwa inoyevedza yemusika inopa sezvo iri modular yakawanda-pfuti yemunda roketi yekuvhura iyo inogona kushandiswa kupisa ese ari maviri 122mm Grad maroketi uye yepamusoro yeIsrael inotungamirwa munitions mumacaliber matatu akasiyana. Sarudzo, Lynx inogona kutove yepasi-yakavakirwa cruise missile launcher. Nekudaro, nekutenga imwe sisitimu, iwe unozokwanisa kusununguka kugadzirisa iyo firepower yeako artillery, kuigadzirisa kumabasa uye ikozvino tactical mamiriro.

Kana uchienzanisa iyo Lynx neHIMARS masisitimu, mamwe mafungiro akafanana anogona kuoneka. Masystem ese ari maviri akaiswa pamarori asiri munzira. Panyaya yeAmerican system, yaive mota yatove kushandiswa neUS Army neUS Marine Corps. Nekudaro, kana iri Lynx, unogona kushandisa chero off-road rori mune marongero e6 × 6 kana 8 × 8 nemubhadharo wakakodzera. Tichifunga kuti iyo Lynx inogona zvakare kupisa 370mm maroketi, zvine musoro kusarudza mutakuri mukuru. IMI inoti ichabatanidza iyo yekuvhura nemota 6x6 kana 8x8 yakasarudzwa nedivi rePoland. Kusvika parizvino, Lynx yakaiswa pamarori evagadziri veEuropean neRussia. Iyo yekuvhura yeLynx system, senge HIMARS, yakaiswa pachigadziko nekugona kutenderera, nekuda kwekuti ine rusununguko rwekunongedza mumhando ye90 ° muazimuth (kusvika 60 ° elevation angle), iyo inofambisa zvakanyanya. kusarudzwa kwechinangwa. kupfura chinzvimbo uye kunoderedza kuvhura nguva. Musiyano unokurumidza kuoneka pakati peIsrael system neAmerican one kuvepo kwekupeta hydraulic inotsigira mune yekutanga. Kudzikamisa kuzunguzika kwevanovhura panguva yekupfura zvechokwadi kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pane inoshanda mwero wemoto uye chokwadi kana uchipfura maroketi asina kutungamirwa. Kunyange zvazvo, maererano nemafungiro evagadziri vayo, Lynx inofanira kuva quasi-chaiyo kana yakarurama hurongwa, zvichienderana nemakomba anoshandiswa.

Uye sezvatotaurwa, panogona kuva nemhando dzakawanda. Panyaya yechikumbiro chePoland, IMI iri kupa 122 mm Grad maroketi anga achishandiswa muPoland kusvika parizvino, pamwe neazvino matombo eIsrael: asina kutungamirwa 160 mm LAR-160s uye yavo yakagadziridzwa shanduro yeAccular, pamwe nepamusoro. -precision Extra. 306mm mabara uye yazvino 370mm Predator Hawk. Kunze kwe122mm zvombo zvinokandwa, zvimwe zvese zvinotangwa kubva kumanikidziro modular midziyo.

Panyaya yekutangisa 122-mm maroketi anoenderana neiyo Grad system, maviri-20-njanji ekutanga dhizaini yakafanana neaya anozivikanwa kubva kumotokari dze2B5 Grad system akaiswa padivi peimwe pane Lynx launcher. Iyo Lynx, yakashongedzerwa neiyi nzira, inogona kupfura zvese zveGrad makomba anowanikwa pamusika, kusanganisira iyo Polish Feniks-Z uye HE.

Zvombo zveIsrael LAR-160 (kana kungoti LAR) zvine caliber ye160 mm, huremu hwe110 kg uye inotakura 45-kilogram cluster warhead (104 M85 sub-rockets) pamakiromita makumi mana nemashanu. Maererano nemugadziri, vakashandiswa neIsrael Defence Forces kwemakore, uye vakatengwawo. maererano ne: Romania (LAROM system), Georgia (yekuyeuka artillery shelling yekurara Tskhinvali usiku hweAugust 45, 8), Azerbaijan kana Kazakhstan (Naiza system). Iyo Lynx inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa maviri modular mapaketi egumi nematatu eaya makomba ega ega. Nhanho inotevera mukugadzirwa kweLAR missile yaive kuvandudzwa kweAccular (Accurate LAR) vhezheni, i.e. yakanyatso vhezheni, umo yakawedzera kurongeka kwakawanikwa nekushongedza makomba ane ekudzora masisitimu akavakirwa pane inertial navigation uye GPS, uye hurongwa hwekutonga hunosanganisira 2008 miniature impulse correction rocket engines yakaiswa mu fuselage pamberi peinjini yekusimudzira. Iyo projectile zvakare ine zvimbi zvemuswe zvina zvinoora pakarepo mushure mekupfurwa. The round-robin kukanganisa kweAccular missiles inenge mamita gumi. Huremu hwewarhead hwakaderera kusvika 13 kg (kusanganisira 80 kg yekupwanya charge yakakomberedzwa ne 10 prefabricated tungsten zvidimbu zvinorema 35 uye 10 g), uye kupfura nharaunda ndeye 22 ÷ 000 km. Iyo Lynx system yekuvhura inogona kutakurwa ne 0,5 Accular kutenderera mumapaketi maviri egumi nerimwe kutenderera imwe neimwe.

Lynx system yekuvhura ine midziyo miviri

neDelilah-GL cruise missile.

Imwe mhando yeprojekiti inogona kupiswa neLynx ndeye 306mm Extra projectile ine huwandu hwe30-150 km. Vanoshandisawo inertial uye satellite navigation guide, asi missile inodzorwa mukubhururuka nema airfoils mana akaiswa mumhino ye missile, inova mhinduro yakafanana neyo inoshandiswa mumagetsi eGMLRS. Iyo yekuwedzera inotakura mumwechete kupatsanurwa musoro (musoro wekaseti unogonekawo) nekumanikidzwa kupatsanurwa uye nemazita mashoma 120 kg (kusanganisira 60 kg yekupwanya charge uye anenge 31 tungsten mabhora anorema 000 g rimwe nerimwe). Munyaya yemusoro unopinda, unogona kupinda 1 cm yekrete yakasimbiswa. Huremu hwakazara hwepurojekiti ndeye 80 kg, iyo huwandu hwemafuta akasimba hunenge 430 kg. Roketi ine hurefu hwe 216 mm uye ine chikamu chemuswe chine muromo wekubuda uye mana mafine trapezoidal stabilizers anozaruka mushure mekusimuka; dhiraivha chikamu nemota; warhead nemhino ine steering system. Kuenzanisa, iyo yeRussia 4429M9 missile ye 528 mm caliber yeSmirkh system ine huremu hwe300 kg, inotakura hondo isina kupatsanurwa inorema 815 kg (iyo 258 kg imhosva inopwanya), ine urefu hwe 95 mm uye kureba kwe7600 km. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chombo cheRussia chakakura zvikuru, asi hachina kutungamirirwa uye chinofamba nenzira yakasimba ye ballistic trajectory, saka iyo ipfupi (inoti, inogona kunge yakareba nekuda kwekuderera kwehutungamiri hwechokwadi uye mararamiro). Nekune rimwe divi, trajectory yeExtra missiles (yakadai seGMLRS nePredator Hawk) inodzika pasi sezvavanosvika apogee yavo. Zvidzoreso zvepamberi zvinosimudza mhino yepurojekiti, zvichideredza kona yekurwisa, nekudaro zvichiwedzera huwandu hwendege uye kudzoreka kweprojekiti (chaizvoizvo, nzira yekubhururuka inogadziriswa zvinobudirira). Mhosho yedenderedzwa yekurova "Extra" projectiles inenge mamita 90. "Lynx" launcher inogona kugadzirirwa nemapakiti maviri e "Extra" projectiles imwe neimwe. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwakapihwa neIMI, pasuru ye10 Ekuwedzera makomba anogona kutakurwa pane zvinotangisa M4/270A270 MLRS system pachinzvimbo chepasuru ye1 makomba e6 mm caliber.

MSPO 2014 yakaratidzawo modhi ye370mm Predator Hawk missile ine yakawedzera kureba kusvika 250 km uye yakafanana neiyo Extra uye Accular. Kuenzanisa mhando dzePredator Hawk uye Ekuwedzera maroketi anoratidzwa padivi peumwe neumwe, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti yekutanga inosvika 0,5 m kureba. "Predator" inodzokorora dhizaini yeaerodynamic ye "Extra" roketi, kutaura zvazviri, iri kopi yayo yakawedzera. Musoro wayo unorema 200 kg. Tichifunga nezvehukuru hwePredator Hawk missile, munhu anogona kuona kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwakawanikwa sei. Imwe Lynx yekuvhura inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa maviri Predator Hawk dual-missile modules. Saka, iyo Lynx system, yakavakirwa chete pane inotungamirwa artillery makombora, inenge inosangana nezvinodiwa zveHomar chirongwa chekupfura makiromita maviri.

Sezvineiwo, iyo Lynx iri zvakare TCS (Trajectory Correction System) inoenderana, ichivandudza huchokwadi hwemoto kubva kune ekuzvarwa asina anotungamirwa artillery maroketi. TCS yakatanga kugadzirwa (neIMI yakabatana naElisra/Elbit) ye26mm MLRS uye M227 maroketi (mukubatana naLockheed Martin, inodaidzwa kuti MLRS-TCS). Iyo TCS inosanganisira: positi yekuraira, missile yekutevera radar system uye missile trajectory kure kure kururamisa system. Kuti izvi zviitike, miniature inogadzirisa injini (GRD) Guidance Rocket Motor (GRM) inoiswa mumhino dzemakomba akagadziridzwa, ayo anopa gasi-simba rekutonga. TCS inogona panguva imwe chete kudzora zvombo zvinokandwa gumi nemaviri, kugadzirisa kubhururuka kwavo kune gumi nemaviri zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Iyo TCS inopa denderedzwa kukanganisa kukanganisa (CEP) ye12m kana yadzingwa pahupamhi hwepamusoro. Iyo Lynx inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa nemapaketi maviri ematanhatu eMLRS-TCS makomba ega ega. Kutevera MLRS-TCS, shanduro inoenderana neTCS yezvombo zveLAR-12 yakagadzirwa. Iyo Lynx system zvakare iri kusimudzirwa mune yaimbova Central Asia Soviet republic, saka 40mm Uragan maroketi akagadziridzwawo kuLynx.

Kunyange zvazvo Lobster yaisadiwa kuti ivhure zvombo zvekufamba (saka inofanirwa kutorwa senge sarudzo), chombo chepamusoro-soro chemushandisi weLynx chavangave nacho iDelilah-GL (Ground Launched) turbojet cruise missile. Ground Launched), zvakare inopihwa neIMI kubva kuPasi). Iine huremu hwekusimuka hwe250 kg (ine rocket booster yakadzimwa mushure mekusimuka) uye huremu hwe230 ​​kg mukugadzirisa ndege (kusanganisira 30 kg warheads), kureba kwe180 km uye kumhanya kwendege kwe0,3 ÷ 0,7 miriyoni makore ( kurwisa kumhanya 0,85 .8500 m kubva paurefu hunosvika 2 m). Iyo optoelectronic kutungamira sisitimu (CCD kana matrix I1R) ine chaiyo-nguva yekufambisa mufananidzo kune yeanoshanda console uye nekugona kudzora kure chikomba chinopa kugona kwakanyanya mukuonekwa kwechinangwa uye kuzivikanwa (kusiyana nemapfumo eballistic) uye iko kurongeka (CVO) pamwero. inosvika mmita imwe. Zvigaba zviviri zveDelilah-GL missile launching zvinogona kuiswa pane imwe Lynx launcher. Kutangwa kwezvombo zveDelilah-GL kubva kuLynx complex kunofanirwa kupa kugona kutarisana nezvinangwa zvinofamba izvo zvakaoma kuparadza nemabhomba anokandwa, kunyangwe nguva yavo ipfupi yekubhururuka (kunyanya pamatanho anosvika 300 km).

Yese yeLynx yekuvhura inoshongedzerwa nekutaurirana uye yedhijitari yekudzora moto system, pamwe neinertial uye satellite kufamba. Nekuda kweizvi, inogona kuve chikamu chetiweki-centric control system, nekukurumidza uye nekuvimbika kuona chinzvimbo chayo mumunda uye kuchinja nzvimbo dzekupfura nguva dzese. Iyo yemagetsi midziyo yekuvhura inobvumira kuti ishande yakazvimirira. Iyo yekuvhura inonangwa uye makomba anodzingwa mukati memotokari. Iyo yekuvhura inozvimiririra inozivisa mapakeji akaremerwa emhando dzakasiyana siyana (zvinokwanisika kurodha mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemakomba panguva imwe chete pane imwe yekuvhura). Nekuda kweiyo modular dhizaini yemapurojekiti, iyo yekudzoreredza nguva yekuvhura inotora isingasviki maminetsi gumi.

Bhatiri ye "Lynx" system, kuwedzera kune zvinovhura uye zvekutakura-kuchaja mota, zvakare ine bhatiri yekuraira positi (C4I) mumudziyo wakavharwa, umo kuongororwa kwekuziva uye meteorological data inodiwa pakuvhura moto inoitwa. The Stand inoongororawo zvakazoitika pakurwiswa.

Field missile system "Nayza", "Lynx" yeKazakhstan inobva pane chassis yeKamAZ-63502.

Pane yekuvhura iwe unogona kuona madhairekitori e220-mm mabara, uye pasi - yakavharwa pasuru yeEkuwedzera makomba.

Kupfupikisa chikumbiro cheIMI, isu tinofanirawo kutaura zvikumbiro zvekushandira pamwe kwemaindasitiri. Kambani yeIsrael inotora basa rekubatanidza uye kutsigirwa kwevashandisi mukati mekushanda kwehurongwa, kusanganisira kurongeka kweiyo logistics system uye kudzidziswa. IMI ichave nebasa rekubatanidza iyo Lynx launcher nechero chassis inosarudzwa neDhipatimendi reNational Defense. Panyaya yekugadzirwa kwemisungo, IMI inopa tekinoroji kuendesa kune marezinesi ekugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvikamu uye zvikamu, pamwe negungano rekupedzisira rezvombo zvachose muPoland. IMI yakazvipirawo kubatanidza iyo Lynx system neiripo yekuPoland kuraira, kutaurirana uye hungwaru (C4I) masisitimu.

LAURA uye Harrop

Kurudziro yeIMI ye370mm Predator Hawk inogona kunzi yakakwana - ingangoita makiromita makumi mashanu chete kubva painodiwa Lobster renji. Nekudaro, iyo Predator Hawk haisi yako yakajairwa ballistic missile. Uyezve, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mutengo wayo wakafanana nehurongwa hunopihwa neIAI, inova inoshanda-tactical ballistic missile LORA.

LORA chidimburidzo cheLOng Range Artillery, kureva kuti, pfuti refu-refu. Tichifunga nezvezvikamu zvezvombo zvinokandwa, LORA iri mumakwikwi akananga neATACMS missile, ichipa zvese izvo Extra missile ine, asi pachiyero chakakura, i.e. hurefu hwakareba, huremu hwehondo, yakafanana-yakatenderedza hit kukanganisa, asi zvese nemutengo wemutengo wepamusoro. Nekudaro, kana "Extra" irema, asi zvakadaro pfuti, saka LORA ndeyechikamu chepamusoro-chaiyo ballistic makomba.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti vagadziri veIsrael vakatora nzira yakasiyana nevagadziri veAmerica munguva yakapfuura pakugadzira iyo ATACMS missile. Iyi yaifanirwa kuenderana nehukuru hwepasuru imwe chete yezvipombi zvitanhatu zveMLRS, saka ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kutarisisa mukugadzirwa kweATACMS, ichiteverwa nemamwe maparamita uye hunhu. LORA, kune rumwe rutivi, yakasikwa pasina zvirambidzo zvakadai sehurongwa hwezvombo hwakasununguka, uye panguva imwechete iine hurongwa huduku. Kuedzwa kwechipotseri kwakatanga makore gumi apfuura, uye kwemakore akati wandei yanga iri nyaya yekuedza kukuru kwekushambadzira neIAI, kusanganisira muPoland. Uye LORA inopa chii vangangoshandisa vashandisi? Chokutanga pane zvose, high firepower uye yakazara-yakazara yezvombo system, i.e. iyo inosanganisirawo inowirirana reconnaissance system - IAI Harop, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ushandise zvizere kugona kwehondo yekurwisa. Zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.

LORA is one-stage ballistic missile ine yakasimba propellant injini, yakatangwa kubva kune yakamanikidzwa kutakura uye kuvhura midziyo. Sekureva kweIAI, LORA inogona kuchengetwa mumudziyo kwemakore mashanu pasina kudiwa kwekuyedzwa. Mukugadzirwa kweroketi, madhiraivha emagetsi chete akashandiswa, pasina chero hydraulics, iyo inowedzerawo kuvimbika kwekushanda.

Muviri wechikamu chimwe chete LORA roketi ine kureba kwemamita 5,5, dhayamita ye 0,62 m uye huremu hunosvika 1,6 matani (iyo tani ndiyo yakawanda yehuni yakasimba). Chimiro chayo chine cylindrical, conical kumberi (pakureba kwemusoro) uye yakashongedzerwa neina aerodynamic nzvimbo ine trapezoidal contour pachigadziko. Ichi chimiro chehull, pamwe chete nenzira yakagamuchirwa yekudzora roketi mukubhururuka, inoita kuti zvikwanisike kuita maneuver muchikamu chekupedzisira chegwara nekuda kwesimba rakakwana rekusimudza rakagadzirwa nehombe pachayo. Iyo IAI inotsanangura trajectory yeprojekiti se "yakaumbwa", i.e. yakagadziridzwa maererano nekubudirira kwekurwisa. LORA inofamba muzvikamu zviviri zvekubhururuka - kutanga, pakarepo mushure mekusimuka, kuitira kuti uwane iyo yakanyanya kunaka nzira (IAI inoratidza kuti izvi zvakare zvinoita kuti zviome kumuvengi kunyatsoona nzvimbo yeanovhura) uye muchikamu chekupedzisira che trajectory. Muchokwadi, kana roketi rasvika apogee yenzira yayo, LORA inogadzirisa nzira yekubhururuka kwayo. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvinyanye kuomesesa kuteedzera missile (shandura yazvino trajectory) uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kufambisa chipotsera kuvandudza kurongeka kwekurwisa. Kugona kwakadai, kwakasanganiswa nekumhanya kwepamusoro-soro, kunoita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kupfura chipotsera uye kuderedza nguva kubva pakupfura kusvika pakurova chinangwa. Nguva yekubhururuka ingangoita maminetsi mashanu kana ichipfurwa pakakwirira chinhambwe che300 km. Hushoma hweroketi makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe, izvo zvinoratidza diki inogoneka apogee uye chaiyo yakati sandara nzira yekubhururuka. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, LORA inokwanisawo kufambisa kuti ipe kona chaiyo yekukanganisa pane chinangwa, ichisvika muhuwandu hwe90 ÷ 60 °. Kugona kurova chinangwa wakatwasuka kwakakosha pakurwisa zvibodzwa zvakasimbiswa (semuenzaniso, pekugara) kana fuse iri kushanda mukunonoka detonation modhi, pamwe nekunyanya kunyatsoita kuparadzira mafungu ezvimedu uye kudzvanyirira panguva yekubata kana kusabata detonation. . Chombo cheLORA chinogona kutakura mhando mbiri dzehondo: kuputika kukuru kwehondo yehondo ine kuputika kusingabatanidzi kana kubata uye kuputika kwehondo kunoputika nekunonoka kunokwanisa kupinda kupfuura mamita maviri ekongiri yakasimbiswa.

Iyo LORA inopihwa kuPoland inotakura yakabatana kupatsanurwa musoro unorema 240 kg. Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, kumisa missile iyi ine cluster warhead harisi dambudziko, asi nekuda kwekupinda kwenyika dzakawanda kuChibvumirano cheCluster Munitions, LORA iri kuenderera mberi nehondo isina kubatana (nerombo rakanaka, kwete Poland, kana Israel, kana United States yakapinda mugungano, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuita zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi mundima yemapoka ehondo kuburikidza nenhaurirano dzakakodzera padanho rehurumende).

Iyo LORA missile inotungamira sisitimu inosanganiswa uye ine inertial yekufambisa chikuva uye inodzivirira ruzha GPS satellite inogamuchira. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinokutendera kuti udzore missile mukubhururuka mundege nhatu, kusanganisira sarudzo yetrajectory, uye zvakare inoita kuti chombo cheLORA chipokane nezvinogoneka zvemagetsi, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inovimbisa kurongeka kwakanyanya mumamiriro ese ekunze. . Circular hit error mukati me10 m.

Roketi bhatiri reiyo LORA modhi rinosanganisira: mudziyo wekuraira positi (K3) pamotokari yakaparadzana, mana ekuvhura ane mana ekutakura uye midziyo yekumisikidza, imwe neimwe pane chassis yemarori asiri munzira mune 8 × 8 dhizaini, uye zvakafanana. huwandu hwekutakura uye kurodha mota dzine makomba makomba kune ese anovhura. Nekudaro, iyo LORA missile bhatiri ine 16 (4 × 4) makomba akagadzirira kupfurwa nekukasira, uye mamwe makomba gumi nematanhatu anogona kutangwa mushure mekurodha zvekare. Zvinotora masekonzi makumi matanhatu kuvhura mapfumo gumi nematanhatu ekutanga. Chimwe nechimwe chezvombo zvinopfurwa zvinogona kurova chinangwa chakasiyana. Izvi zvinopa bhatiri rimwechete rakakura firepower.

Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuvhura LORA (uye Harop) makomba kubva kune zvinotangisa ngarava. Nekudaro, iyi tekinoroji mukana uri kupfuura fungidziro dzechirongwa cheHomar.

Nekudaro, chinhu chinonakidza kwazvo chechikumbiro cheIAI, icho chinozadzisa mabhenefiti ekushanda kweLORA missile, ndeye Harop weapon system, iyo iri yeboka rezvinonzi pfuti dzinofamba. Iyo drone-yakaita haropa inobva kune imwe IAI chombo system, iyo Harpy anti-radar missile. Harop ine yakafanana dhizaini chirongwa. Kupfura kunoitwa kubva pakutakura kwakavharwa uye kuvhura mudziyo wakaiswa pane chassis yerori. Mota ye8x8 inogona kutakura gumi nemaviri emidziyo iyi. Iyo kit (bhatiri) ine michina mitatu, yakazara 12 Harop. Iyo yekuraira positi yemudziyo, uchishandisa muchina wayo, zvakare inobvumidza iwe kudzora "swarm" yeyakaburitswa "Harop". Mukubhururuka, Harop anotyaira pusher propeller, uye kutanga kunoitika nerubatsiro rwe rocket booster.

Basa reHarop system nderenguva refu (maawa akawanda) kutarisa kwenzvimbo huru. Kuti uite izvi, inotakura pasi pemhino chiedza, masikati-husiku (ine inopisa imaging channel) 360 ° inofambisa optoelectronic musoro. Iyo chaiyo-nguva mufananidzo inotumirwa kune vanoshanda pane yekuraira post. Harop patrols, ichibhururuka panzvimbo yakakwirira inopfuura 3000 m, kana ikaona chinangwa chakakodzera kurwiswa, zvino, pamurairo wakapiwa nemushandi, inopinda mumhepo inobhururuka inomhanya inopfuura 100 m / s uye inoiparadza. nechiedza OH musoro. Pane chero nhanho yemishoni, mushandisi weHarop anogona kumisa kure kure kurwiswa (iyo "murume ari muchiuno"), mushure mezvo Harop inodzokera patrol yekubhururuka mode. Nekudaro, Harop inosanganisa zvakanakira drone yekuziva uye yakachipa cruise missile. Panyaya yeLORA ballistic missile bhatiri, iyo yekuwedzera Harop sisitimu inopa kuona, kuongororwa (somuenzaniso, kusiyanisa zvinyowani kubva kumotokari chaidzo) uye kuzivikanwa kwezvinangwa, kutevera kwavo muchiitiko chekufamba zvinhu, kunyatso tsiga kwechinzvimbo. zvinangwa, pamwe nekuongororwa kwemigumisiro yekurwisa. Kana zvichidikanwa, anogona zvakare "kupedza" kana kurwisa izvo zvibodzwa zvakapona pakurwiswa kweLORA. Harop inobvumirawo kushandiswa kwehupfumi kweLORA zvombo zvinokandwa, izvo zvinongopfurwa pazvinangwa zvisingagone kuparadzwa neHarop light warhead. Data yehungwaru inofambiswa neHarop system inogona zvakare kushandiswa nemamwe mayuniti, semuenzaniso, akashongedzerwa nemamwe masisitimu ehondo. Iyo LORA missile bhatiri, inotsigirwa neHarop system, ichave nekwaniso yekuzvimiririra kutenderera-the-wachi reconnaissance munguva chaiyo uye mukati mehuwandu hwakazara hwemakomba ayo, pamwe nekukwanisa kuongorora nekukasira mhedzisiro yekurova kwechikasha. .

Dambudziko reKusarudza

Iwo masisitimu anopihwa muchirongwa cheHomar anoratidzirwa neakakwirira paramita anosangana nezvinotarisirwa neBazi reNyika Dziviriro. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti munyaya iyi, mari yekutenga uye kushanda kwenguva refu, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweindasitiri yePoland uye, zvichida, kuendeswa kwekombiyuta inorongwa, ichava chirevo chakakosha. Kuongorora zvikumbiro ivo pachavo, zviri pachena kuti ramangwana Homar richachinja chiso chePolish WRiA. Pasinei nesarudzo yeBazi reDziviriro yeNyika, varwi vehondo vekuPoland vanozogamuchira zvombo zvinodarika zvakamboshandiswa misimboti yemusango maererano nekumhanya kwekupinda muhondo, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, maererano nekururama uye huwandu. Nokudaro, nzira yekuitisa mabasa ichachinjwa, apo moto mukuru wenharaunda uchatsiviwa nekurova kunowanzoitwa uye kwakarurama kunoshandiswa nePoints mumangwanani ezuva. Zvine chekuita nematambudziko enhandare yehondo yekupokana kwekufungidzira mukati mePoland, hurumende nebazi rezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika vanofanirwa kuita zvese zvavanogona kuti vaone kuti ramangwana reHomar, pamusoro pekupfura mapfumo epamusoro-soro ane misoro yehondo yakabatana, anewo makomba makomba. pakubata kwayo. , inoshanda zvakanyanya mukudzinga kurwiswa nemauto ane zvombo uye mechanized, kudzvanya pfuti yevavengi kana kudzivirira kumhara kweherikoputa. Mukuwedzera, kutengwa kwemissile ye ballistic nehupamhi hwemakiromita 300 kuchawedzera kusimbisa kukwanisa kweGround Forces senzira huru yekudzivirira mhepo. mauto epakati-renji epasi angangoita muvengi (masisitimu 9K37M1-2 "Buk-M1-2" uye 9K317 "Buk-M2") haigone kurwisa mabhomba anokandwa ane huwandu hweanopfuura 250 km.