Akakunda nyika asi akakotamira kune censor

"Chigadzirwa chedu chaenda nenzira isiriyo uye zvirimo hazvienderane nehunhu hwesocialist," protagonist wenyaya, wechidiki bhirioni anoremekedzwa zvikuru munyika, akadaro munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nekudaro, muChina, kana iwe uchida kushanda muInternet uye mumusika wenhau, unofanirwa kunge wakagadzirira rudzi urwu rwekuzvitsoropodza - kunyangwe semukuru ane simba wepamusoro-soro.

Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezve Zhang Yiming zvekare. Akazvarwa muna Kubvumbi 1983. Muna 2001 akapinda muNankai University muTianjin, kwaakatanga kudzidza microelectronics, ndokuchinjira kuprogramming, yaakapedza muna 2005. Akasangana nemudzimai wake kuyunivhesiti.

Muna Kukadzi 2006, akave mushandi wechishanu uye injiniya wekutanga weGuksun Tourism Service, uye gore rakatevera akakwidziridzwa pachinzvimbo chehunyanzvi director. Muna 2008, akatamira kuMicrosoft. Zvisinei, ikoko akanzwa kuremerwa nemitemo yekambani uye munguva pfupi akabatana nekutanga Fanfou. Izvi zvakazokundikana, saka apo yaimbova kambani yaZhang, Kuxun, yakanga yave kuda kutengwa neExpedia muna 2009, gamba redu rakatora bhizinesi rekutengesa zvivakwa raKuxun ndokutanga. 99fang.com, kambani yako yekutanga.

Makore akawanda uye kubudirira pasi rose

Muna 2011, Zhang akaona kutama kukuru kwevashandisi veInternet kubva kumakomputa kuenda kumafoni. Akahaya maneja ane hunyanzvi akatora chigaro chemukuru we99fang.com ndokubva asiya kambani kunotsvaga ByteDance muna 2012. (1).

1. ByteDance China Headquarters

Akaona kuti zvainge zvakaomera vashandisi veChinese smartphone kuti vawane ruzivo uye kuti hofori yekutsvaga Baidu yaivhiringa mhinduro nemashambadziro akavanzika. Paivewo nedambudziko rekuomesera censorship muChina. Zhang aitenda kuti ruzivo rwaigona kupihwa zvirinani pane kuita kwaBaidu chete.

Chiono chake chaive chekutaurirana zvakasarudzwa zvemukati kune vashandisi kuburikidza nekurudziro yakagadzirwa na Artificial Intelligence. Pakutanga, vatengesi vemabhizimusi vaisavimba nepfungwa iyi uye muzvinabhizimusi aive nedambudziko guru nekuwana mari yebudiriro. Pakupedzisira, Susquehanna International Group yakabvuma kuisa mari mune yake pfungwa. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2012, ByteDance yakatanga iyo Toutiao ruzivo app, iyo yakakwezva zvinopfuura 13 miriyoni vashandisi zuva nezuva. Muna 2014, kambani inozivikanwa yekudyara Sequoia Capital, iyo yakatanga kuramba chikumbiro chaZhang, yakaisa $ 100 mamiriyoni mukambani.

Chii chakaita kuti ByteDance ive budiriro yakakura chaizvo yanga isiri ruzivo rwezvinyorwa, asi zvemukati zvevhidhiyo. Kunyangwe munguva yedesktop, nekuda kwemakambani akaita seYY Inc. Saiti uko vanhu vakaimba nekutamba mudzimba dzekuratidzira kuti vahwine zvipo zvepamhepo kubva kune vateveri vakatyora marekodhi ekukurumbira. Zhang naByteDance vakaona uyu mukana uye vakabheja pavhidhiyo ipfupi. 15 mavhidhiyo echipiri.

Munenge munaSeptember 2016, yakatanga pasina kupokana kwakawanda. douyin. Iyo app yaibvumira vashandisi kutora uye kugadzirisa mavhidhiyo, kuwedzera mafirita, uye kugovera pamapuratifomu akasiyana seWeibo, Twitter, kana WeChat. Iyo fomati yakafadza chizvarwa chemireniyumu uye yakave yakakurumbira zvekuti WeChat, nekutya kukwikwidza, yakavharira mukana wekushandisa. Kwapera gore, ByteDance yakawana saiti yemadhora mazana masere emamiriyoni. Musical.ly. Zhang akaona kuwirirana pakati pevhidhiyo yakakurumbira yakagadzirwa neChina muUS neDouyin kana TikTokyem, nekuti iyo application inozivikanwa munyika yose nezita iri. Saka akabatanidza masevhisi, zvikaita kunge ziso remombe.

Vashandisi veTikTok kazhinji vechidiki vanorekodha mavhidhiyo avo vachiimba, kutamba, dzimwe nguva vachingoimba, dzimwe nguva vachingotamba kune vane mukurumbira hits. Kushanda kunonakidza kugona kugadzirisa mafirimu, kusanganisira mupfungwa ye "social", ndiko kuti, kana mabasa akadhindwa ari basa revanhu vanopfuura mumwe. Iyi puratifomu inokurudzira zvakanyanya vashandisi kuti vabatane nevamwe kuburikidza neinonzi vhidhiyo yekupindura michina kana yezwi-inotaridzika duets chimiro.

Kune TikTok "vagadziri", iyo app inopa akasiyana siyana manzwi, kubva kune akakurumbira emimhanzi mavhidhiyo kusvika kupfupi snippets eTV anoratidza, YouTube mavhidhiyo, kana mamwe "memes" akagadzirwa paTikTok. Iwe unogona kujoina "dambudziko" kugadzira chimwe chinhu kana kutora chikamu mukugadzira meme yekutamba. Nepo memes aine mukurumbira wakashata pamapuratifomu mazhinji uye dzimwe nguva anorambidzwa, muByteDance, nekusiyana, iyo pfungwa yese yebasa yakavakirwa pakusikwa kwavo uye kugovera.

Sezvine zvakawanda zvakafanana maapplication, isu tinowana akati wandei mhedzisiro, mafirita uye zvimiti zvinogona kushandiswa pakugadzira zvirimo (2) Uye zvakare, TikTok yakaita kuti vhidhiyo yekugadzirisa kuve nyore. Iwe haufanirwe kuve nyanzvi mukugadzirisa kuti uise pamwechete zvimedu zvinogona kubuda zvakatsvinda.

2. Muenzaniso wekushandisa TikTok

Kana mushandisi avhura app, chinhu chekutanga chavanoona hachisi chekuzivisa kubva kushamwari dzavo, senge paFacebook kana Twitter, asi. Peji "Yenyu". Iyi chiteshi chakagadzirwa neAI algorithms zvichibva pane izvo mushandisi akasangana nazvo. Uye kana achifarira zvaanogona kutsikisa nhasi, anobva apinzwa basa kumatambudziko eboka, ma hashtag kana kuona nziyo dzine mukurumbira. Iyo TikTok algorithm haibatanidzi chero munhu neboka rimwe reshamwari, asi ichiri kuyedza kuendesa mushandisi kumapoka matsva, misoro, zviitiko. Uyu pamwe ndiwo musiyano mukuru uye hunyanzvi kubva kune mamwe mapuratifomu.

Zvikuru nekuda kwekuputika kwepasirese mukukurumbira kweTikTok, ByteDance parizvino inokosheswa ingangoita zana remabhiriyoni emadhora, ichipfuura Uber uye kuve yakakosha kutanga munyika. Facebook, Instagram uye Snapchat vanozvitya, vachiedza kuzvidzivirira kubva kukuwedzera kweTikTok nemasevhisi matsva anotevedzera maficha eChinese app - asi kusvika parizvino pasina budiriro.

Artificial intelligence inoshumira nhau

ByteDance yakave nekubudirira kwakanyanya pakati pemakambani eChinese mumusika wepasi rose, kunyanya nekuda kweTikTok, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa muAsia nekuUS. Zvisinei Chigadzirwa chekutanga chaZhang, icho chichiri kuita sechakanyanya kukosha kune muvambi, yaive nhau app Toutiao, iyo yakakura kuita mhuri yesocial network yakabatana uye yave pakati peanonyanya kufarirwa muChina. Vashandisi vayo vatopfuura mazana matanhatu emamiriyoni, ayo 600 miriyoni anoitwa zuva nezuva. Paavhareji, mumwe nemumwe wavo anoshandisa maminetsi makumi manomwe nemana pazuva aine iyi application.

Toutiao zvinoreva "misoro yenyaya, zvakanakisa" muchiChinese. Padanho rehunyanzvi, inoramba ichinakidza kwazvo, sezvo basa rayo richibva pakushandiswa kwenjere dzekugadzira, uchishandisa kuzvidzidzira-algorithms kukurudzira nhau uye marudzi akasiyana ezvinyorwa kune vaverengi.

Zhang arikuramba achiwedzera Toutiao nezvigadzirwa zvitsva, izvo pamwe chete zvinoumba network yemasevhisi ane hukama (3) Pamusoro pezvambotaurwa Tik Toki/Douyin, semuenzaniso, maapplication akagadzirwa Hipster i Vhidhiyo Siguaiyo yakakurumidza kuzvisimbisa seimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mapfupi vhidhiyo masevhisi muChina. Pakazara, Toutiao inopa mapurogiramu matanhatu muChina uye maviri mumusika weUS. Zvichangobva kutaurwa kuti Kuaipai app yakafanana neSnapchat yakanga ichiedzwa.

3. Toutiao App Family

Kambani yakapinda munzira isiri iyo

Matambudziko aToutiao neChinese censorship akazonetsa kugadzirisa pane kukwidza mari yebudiriro uye kukunda nyika nevhidhiyo app inosetsa. Zviremera zvakaramba zvichiranga kambani iyi nekusave nemafirita akakodzera ekuongorora uye kuvamanikidza kubvisa zvirimo kubva kumaseva avo.

Muna Kubvumbi 2018, ByteDance yakagamuchira Murayiro wekumisa Toutiao Application. Vakuru vakabvunzawo kuvhara imwe bhizinesi application - Neihan Duanzi, pasocial platform apo vashandisi vanogovana majee nemavhidhiyo anosetsa. Zhang akamanikidzwa kubudisa kukumbira ruregerero kwepamutemo uye kuzvishora paWeibo, China yakaenzana ne Twitter. Akanyora kuti kambani yake yakadzika "nzira isina kururama" uye "rega vashandisi vayo pasi." Ichi chikamu chetsika yaifanira kuitwa mushure mekudhindwa kwakashata neHurumende Council yePress, Publication, Radio, Firimu neTerevhizheni, sangano rakagadzirwa kudzora nekugadzirisa zviitiko zvenhau muMiddle Kingdom. Mariri, ByteDance akapomerwa nekugadzira application kutuka pfungwa dzevanhu. Mameseji anotumirwa paToutiao app aifanira anti-tsikauye majee pamusoro peNeihan Duanzi ainzi "ane mavara" (chero zvazvinoreva). Vakuru vehurumende vakati nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi, mapurisa eByteDance "akakonzera kutsamwa kukuru pakati pevashandisi veInternet."

Tutiao akapomedzerwa kutarisisa nezvesensationalism, makuhwa, uye makuhwa anonyadzisa kwete nhau chaidzo. Izvi zvingaite kuti tiseke, asi PRC iri kubata nenyaya dzinouraya izvo Zhang aisakwanisa kungokanda mapfumo pasi. Akavimbisa kuti ByteDance ichawedzera censorship timu kubva kuvanhu zviuru zvitanhatu kusvika gumi, kugadzira runyoro rwevashandisi vakarambidzwa, uye kugadzira matekinoroji ari nani ekutarisa uye kuratidza zvirimo. Kana achida kuramba achishanda muChina, hapana nzira yekubuda nayo.

Zvichida imhaka yekusvika kwevakuru veChinese izvo Zhang anosimbisa kuti kambani yake haisi bhizinesi renhau.

akadaro mubvunzurudzo ya2017, achiwedzera kuti haatore vapepeti kana vatori venhau.

Muchokwadi, aya mazwi anogona kutaurirwa kune veChinese censors kuti vasabate ByteDance senge midhiya.

Ita mari mukurumbira

Rimwe remabasa makuru eZhang Yiming iko zvino kushandura mukurumbira uye traffic yemawebhusaiti kuita kurira kwemari. Iyo kambani inocherechedzwa zvakanyanya, asi iyi yakawanda yebhonasi kune mukurumbira pane mhedzisiro yepurofiti chaiyo. Naizvozvo, Zhang achangobva kuwedzera mumunda we kushambadzira kutengesa, kunyanya panzvimbo yenhau Toutiao. Kusvika nekutarisisa izvo zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogadzira dhirowa yechisikigo yevashambadziri, asi mhando dzepasirese hadzina njodzi. Chinhu chikuru chekusava nechokwadi maitiro asingatarisirwi Chinese censorship. Kana zvikangoerekana zvazoitika kuti kambani inoda kuvhara application yekuseka inosvika makumi emamiriyoni evanhu, vashambadziri vanopa simba rekumuka.

4. Zhang Yiming aine Apple CEO Tim Cook

Iye muvambi weByteDance haagone uye haafanire kutaura pamusoro pezvidzivisiro izvi. Mukubvunzurudzwa kwakawanda, anowanzo kutaura nezvesimba rehunyanzvi rekambani yake, senge hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hungwaru algorithms husina mumwe munhu munyika, uye zviwanikwa zvedata zvisingavimbike.4) Zvinosiririsa kuti ma apparatchik anomutsiura haana hanya nazvo.