Vanodyisa uye vanopa simba

Zvekurima zvine nzvimbo huru dzakavhurika, dzine zuva. Wadii kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwechikafu nekugadzirwa kwesimba (1)? Uyezve, magetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva anogona kushandiswa munharaunda, semuenzaniso, kupa simba pombi yekudiridza, uye iyo yakasara inogona kutengeswa kune grid, kuwedzera mari yemuridzi.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti miti yakawanda haifariri chiedza chezuva chakasimba. Mapaneru akaiswa pamusoro pavo haapindire, uye kunyange optimized goho. Kazhinji, vanogona kugadziridzwa uye kushandura mwero wechiedza chinouya zvichienderana neakanyanya kurongeka mapatani. Iwe unogona zvakare kufunga nezvazvo semagreenhouses emazuva ano anoashandisa pachinzvimbo chenguva dzose magirazi mapaneru. solar panel.

Gore rakapfuura, Scientific Reports yakabudisa ongororo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOregon iyo yakaratidza kuti kuvhara zvishoma sechikamu chimwe kubva muzana chevhu rinorimika nekuisa kwakadaro kunofanira kukwana kupa magetsi kuvanhu vose.

Pane kukwikwidza nzvimbo, kamuranisa munda

Muna 1981, Adolf Goetzberger naArmin Sastrow ndivo vaive vekutanga kupa pfungwa yekushandiswa kuviri kwevhu rinorimika pakugadzira. simba rezuva uye kurima zvirimwa zvekusimudzira goho rekurima. Uyu ndiwo waiva mupiro wavo pagakava raienderera mberi panguva iyoyo pamusoro pemakwikwi evhu rinorimika pakati pekugadzirwa kwesimba rezuva nezvirimwa zvinorimika.

Kubva pakufungidzira kuti kune chinhu chakadai sechiedza chekuzadza nzvimbo, uye kuwedzera nhamba yemafotoni hakuiti kuti pave nekuvandudzwa, muongorori wechiJapan Akira Nagashima akaronga kusanganiswa kunoshanda kwe photovoltaic systems uye zvekurima kuitira kushandisa chiedza chakanyanyisa. Akagadzira yekutanga prototypes muna 2004.

Pakazosvika 2017, anopfuura chiuru masystem photovoltaic akaiswa papurazi reJapan, achigarisana nekurima kwechinyakare. Kuti vawane mvumo yekushandisa magetsi ezuva pazvirimwa, varimi muJapan vanofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa zvinenge 80 muzana pasi pemutemo weko. kugadzirwa kwekurima.

Muna 2017, magetsi e35 MW akaiswa muJapan, akaiswa pamahekita makumi mashanu nemana ezvirimwa. Dhigirii yemumvuri weiyi simiti yemagetsi i54 muzana, iyo inopfuura makumi matatu muzana. shading inowanzoshandiswa muJapan agro-power plant. Varimi vanorima ginseng, ashitaba uye coriander, pakati pevamwe. A 50 MW gwenya remagetsi ezuva, kusanganisira maagro-power plant, richavakwa paUkujima munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Izwi rokuti "agrovoltaics" rakaonekwa mune imwe yezvinyorwa muna 2011. MuAsia, izwi rekuti "solar kugoverana" rinoshandiswawo dzimwe nguva. Kutevedzera muenzaniso weJapan, nyika zhinji dzekondinendi iyi dziri kuita zvirongwa zvakafanana, kusanganisira, hongu, China neIndia. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, agro-energy inoonekwa semukana mukuru wekuwedzera mihoro yevarombo vekumaruwa. MuMalaysia, kuedza kwakaitwa kuisa solar panels paminda yetii, uye muVietnam - pamapurazi e shrimp.

Zvechokwadi, pfungwa iyi yasvikawo kuEurope. Kwekutanga uye hukuru hukuru muFrance. Photovoltaic greenhouses yakavakwa pano kubva pakutanga kwe2007. Muenzaniso wehunyanzvi hweFrance chirongwa cheAgrinergie, chakagadziridzwa naAkuo Energy kubvira XNUMX.

Kubva 2009 makambani ekuFrance INRA, IRSTEA neSun'R anga achishanda pachirongwa chakagadzirirwa minda inonzi Sun'Agri. Yekutanga prototype yakaiswa panzvimbo ye0,1 mahekita muMontpellier. Mamwe maprototypes eyuniti ane mobile single axis mapaneru akavakwa muna 2014 na2017. Sun'R yekutanga yekunze agro-electric chirimwa chakavakwa muchirimo cha2018 muTresser muPyrenees-Orientales. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi chine simba re 2,2 MW kubva kune mapaneru ari pa4,5 mahekita eminda yemizambiringa (2). Uye aya haasi iwo ega mapurojekiti echiFrench emhando iyi.

2. Kukura mizambiringa ine solar panels

Kuwedzera chiedza kubva kuphotosynthesis

MuUnited States, zvirongwa izvi zvinotungamirirwa neSolAgra (3) pamwe chete neUC Davis Department of Agronomy. Chekutanga magetsi chirimwa chine nzvimbo ye0,4 hectares chiri pasi pekuvandudzwa. Nzvimbo ye2,8 ha inoshandiswa sechinhu chekutonga. Mhando dzakawanda dzezvirimwa dziri kuongororwa: alfalfa, mhunga, lettuce, sipinachi, bhiti, makarotsi, radishes, mbatatisi, arugula, mint, turnips, makabheji, parsley, coriander, bhinzi, pizi, shallots, mustard. Kuedza kweAgroelectric kuri kuitwawo kumayunivhesiti akati wandei eAmerica.

3. Photovoltaic kuiswa pedyo neSolAgra zvirimwa

Zvinoenderana neNational Science Foundation-yakatsigirwa kudzidza inotungamirwa nevainjiniya, vanoongorora biology yezvirimwa uye vaongorori vefizikisi kuNorth Carolina State University, magreenhouse mazhinji anogona kuve asina kwaakarerekera esimba nekushandisa yakajeka solar panel kugadzira simba (4). Isu tiri kutaura nezve simba rekushandisa kwechiedza wavelengths izvo zvidyarwa zvisingashandisi kune photosynthesis. Zvakabuda muongororo iyi zvakaburitswa muna Kukadzi gore rino mugwaro reJoule.

4. Agroelectric greenhouse

“Zvirimwa zvinongoshandisa zvimwe zvacho kuita photosynthesis mafungu echiedza. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekugadzira magreenhouses anoburitsa simba kubva muchiedza chisingashandiswe ichi uchipinza chiedza chakawanda chephotosynthetic,” anotsanangura kudaro Brendan O'Connor, mumwe wevanyori veongororo iyi. "Tinokwanisa kuita izvi nemasero ezuva nekuti anotitendera kuti tigadzirise kupenya kwechiedza chinotorwa nesolar cell. Nekudaro, kusvika parizvino hazvina kujeka kuti isimba rakawanda sei rinogona kuwanikwa negreenhouse kana yakashandisa aya anopenya, anosarudza, organic solar maseru. "

Kuti vapindure mubvunzo uyu, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa computational model. “Simba rakawanda rinoshandiswa mumagreenhouse rine chekuita nekudziya nekutonhodza, saka modhi yedu yanga yakanangana nekuverenga simba rinodiwa kuchengetedza tembiricha yekurima madomasi,” anodaro O'Connor. "Muenzaniso wacho wakaverengawo huwandu hwesimba iyo greenhouse yaizobudisa kana solar panels yakaiswa padenga rayo."

Zvezvirimwa zvinoda mumvuri

Mhando nhatu huru dzeagrovoltaics dziri kuongororwa pari zvino: solar panels munzvimbo iri pakati pezvirimwa, flat solar panels pamusoro pezvirimwa, uye. greenhouse solar system. Iyo huru parameter inotorwa muakaunti yeagrovoltaic masisitimu ndiyo kona yekurerekera kwema solar panels. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinotariswa pakuisa agro-electric system imhando yechirimwa, kureba kwemapanera, mwaranzi wezuva munzvimbo, uye mamiriro ekunze munharaunda.

Wen Liu anobva kuHefei University yeSainzi neTekinoroji kuChina akakurudzira zano idzva reagrovoltaics muna 2015, achishandisa magirazi akakomberedzwa akaputirwa nefirimu repolymer kufambisa masaisai echiedza chezuva chinodiwa pachirimwa photosynthesis (yebhuruu uye tsvuku mwenje). . Mamwe mawavelength ese anoratidzwa uye anonangana mukufungisisa solar panel kugadzira magetsi.

Modelling uye tsvagiridzo mune agrovoltaics inoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kubva muzvirimwa hakudzikisi kurima. Ehe, izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kune zvirimwa zvinoshivirira mumvuri kana kutofarira kushoma kwezuva.

Muchidzidzo chechangobva kuitika muArizona, masayendisiti akafananidza zvirimwa zvinokura pasi pemapanera ezuva nezvinomera zvinokura muchiedza chezuva. Vakacherekedza kunyanya kuti kugadzirwa kwechiltepin kwakapetwa katatu muzvikamu pasi pemapanera ezuva, uye goho remadomasi recherry rakapetwa kaviri pasi pesolar panel. Zvimwe zvinomera muagroelectric masisitimu zvaida mvura shoma, muchidimbu nekuti ivhu rine mimvuri raichengeta hunyoro hwakawanda.

Chirongwa chekutsvagisa kumaodzanyemba kweDeerfield, Massachusetts, chakapa maonero akafanana. Miedzo yakaratidza kuti kurima broccoli nemiriwo yakafanana kunobereka 60 muzana yehuremu hwechirimwa pane zvirimwa muzuva rakazara.

Saka zvichida munda wekuvandudzwa kwemapurazi makuru ezuva haisi Sahara nemamwe magwenga, sezvinowanzofanotaurwa, asi minda inozivikanwa kusvika ikozvino sezvokudya chete?