Operation Husky chikamu 1
Kunomhara LCM yekumhara chikepe chinobvondomoka kubva kudivi reUSS Leonard Wood kunanga kumahombekombe eSicily; Chikunguru 10, 1943
Panyaya dzehondo dzakazotevera idzo nhoroondo yakapa mukurumbira, senge Operation Overlord, iyo Allied kumhara muSicily ingaite sechiitiko chidiki. Zvisinei, muzhizha ra1943, hapana akafunga nezvazvo. Operation Husky raive danho rekutanga rakasimba rakatorwa nevamiriri vekuMadokero kusunungura Europe. Kupfuura zvese, zvakadaro, yaive yekutanga-yekuita yakakura-yakakura-yekuita kweakasanganiswa mauto egungwa, emhepo uye epasi - mukuita, chipfeko chekudzidzira kudzika muNormandy gore rinouya. Zvaremerwa nechiitiko chakaipa chenhimbe yeNorth Africa uye rusaruro rwakaguma rwavapo, rwakaratidzawo kuva kumwe kusawirirana kukuru munhau yomubatanidzwa weAnglo-America.
Muna 1942/1943, Roosevelt naChurchill vakanga vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kubva kuna Stalin. Hondo yeStalingrad yakanga ichangoitika, uye vokuRussia vakada kuti "yechipiri yepamberi" igadzirwe muWestern Europe nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, iyo yaizovasunungura. Zvichakadaro, mauto eAnglo-America akanga asati agadzirira kuvhozhokera English Channel, sezvo kumhara paDieppe muna Nyamavhuvhu 1942 kwakaratidza zvinorwadza. Nzvimbo chete muEurope uko Western Allies yaigona kuisa njodzi kurwisa maGerman pasi pano yaive kumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi. .
"Tichava chiseko"
Pfungwa yekumhara kwakadzika muSicily yakatanga kumuka muLondon muzhizha ra1942, apo Hondo yeCabinet's Joint Planning Staff yakatanga kufunga mashandiro anogona kuitwa nemauto eBritish muna 1943. Zvadaro zvinangwa zviviri zvakakosha zvakaonekwa muGungwa reMediterranean, Sicily neSardinia, iyo yakagamuchira mazita ekodhi Husky neSulfur. Iyo Sardinia yakadzivirirwa zvishoma yaigona kunge yakabatwa mwedzi mishoma yapfuura, asi yaive chinangwa chisina kuvimbiswa. Kunyangwe yaive yakakodzera mashandiro emhepo kubva ipapo, mauto epasi aingokwanisa kuishandisa senzvimbo yekurwiswa kwekumaodzanyemba kweFrance uye mainland Italy. Kukanganisa kukuru kweSardinia kubva pakuona kwemauto kwaive kushaikwa kwezviteshi uye mabhichi akakodzera kumhara kubva kugungwa.
Nepo rukundo rweBritain paEl Alamein uye kumhara kunobudirira kweAllied muMorocco neAlgeria (Operation Torch) muna November 1942 kwakapa Vabatanidzwa tariro yokukurumidza kupera kwokurwisana muNorth Africa, Churchill akadanidzira, kuti: “Tichava chiseko kana chirimo chiripo. uye muzhizha ra1943 zvinoitika kuti hapana maBritish kana maAmerican pasi mauto ari kurwa chero kupi neGermany kana Italy. Nokudaro, pakupedzisira, kusarudzwa kweSicily sechinangwa chemushandirapamwe unotevera kwakagadziriswa nekufunga kwezvematongerwe enyika - pakuronga zviito zve 1943, Churchill aifanira kufunga nezvehukuru hwekushanda kwega kwega kuitira kuti akwanise kuzvipa kuna Stalin. sechinangwa chekutsiva kwakavimbika kwekupinda kweFrance. Saka sarudzo yakawira kuSicily - kunyangwe panguva ino tarisiro yekuitisa amphibious oparesheni ipapo haina kumutsa manyawi.
Kubva pakuona kwemaitiro, kutanga danidziro yese yeItaly yaive kukanganisa, uye kumhara muSicily kwakaratidza kuve kutanga kwenzira yekuenda kupi. Hondo yeMonte Cassino inoratidza kuti kurwisa kwakamanikana, makomo eApennine Peninsula kwakaoma uye kusiri madikanwa. Tarisiro yokupidigura Mussolini yakanga iri nyaradzo duku, sezvo maItaly, seshamwari, akanga ari mutoro mukuru kumaGermany kupfuura pfuma. Nokufamba kwenguva, gakava racho, rakaita zvishoma retroactively, rakaputsika - zvinopesana netarisiro yevabatanidzwa, mhirizhonga yavo yakatevera muGungwa reMedithera haina kusungira mauto makuru evavengi uye haina kupa rubatsiro rwakakura kune mamwe mativi (kumabvazuva, uye kumadokero. )
MaBritish, kunyangwe ivo vasina kugutsikana nekupinda kweSicily, zvino vaifanira kuhwina pfungwa iyi kune vanonyanya kukahadzika vekuAmerica. Chikonzero cheizvi chakanga chiri musangano muCasablanca muna January 1943. Ikoko, Churchill "akaveza" Roosevelt (Stalin akaramba kuuya) kuti aite Operation Husky, kana zvichibvira, muna June - pakarepo mushure mekukunda kunotarisirwa muNorth Africa. Kusava nechokwadi kunoramba kuripo. SaKaputeni Butcher, mubatsiri wemugungwa waEisenhower: Tatora Sicily, takangotsenga pamativi.
“Anofanira kunge ari mukuru wemauto, kwete ini.”
MuCasablanca, maBritish, akagadzirira zviri nani nhaurirano idzi, akawana imwe budiriro nekurasikirwa kweshamwari yavo. Kunyange zvazvo Jenerali Dwight Eisenhower aive mutungamiriri-mukuru, dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha dzakatorwa neBritish. Mutevedzeri waEisenhower uye mukuru-mukuru wemauto akabatana panguva yekuratidzira muTunisia uye mishandirapamwe yakatevera, kusanganisira muSicily, aive General Harold Alexander. Mauto emugungwa akaiswa pasi pemurairo waAdm. Andrew Cunningham, Mutungamiriri weRoyal Navy muMediterranean. Zvakare, basa rekubhururuka nendege rakapihwa Marshal Arthur Tedder, mukuru weAllied Air Force muMediterranean.
