Fuel jekiseni nguva mberi

Iyo inonyanya kukosha maitiro ekugonesa kushanda kweinjini yedhiziri ndeiyi:

• kuderera kwehutu hwemagasi emhepo;
• yakaderera ruzha mwero wekuita kupisa;
• kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakaderera.

Nguva iyo pombi yejekiseni inotanga kugovera mafuta inonzi kutanga kwekupa (kana kuvhara chiteshi). Iyi poindi panguva inosarudzwa zvinoenderana nenguva-yekunonoka nguva (kana kungoita simba-pakunonoka). Aya ndiwo maparameter akasiyana anoenderana neiyo nzira yekushanda. Nguva yekunonoka kwejekiseni inotsanangurwa senguva iri pakati pekutanga kwekupa uye kutanga kwejekiseni, uye nguva yekunonoka kupisa inotsanangurwa senguva iri pakati pekutanga kwejekiseni uye kutanga kwekupisa. Kutanga kwejekiseni kunotsanangurwa sekona yekutenderera kwe crankshaft munharaunda yeTDC apo jekiseni rinopinza mafuta mukamuri rinopisa.

Kutanga kwekupisa kunotsanangurwa senguva yekupisa yemhepo / musanganiswa wemafuta, iyo inogona kukanganiswa nekutanga kwejekiseni. Mune high-pressure mafuta pombi, zviri nani kugadzirisa kutanga kwekupa (kuvhara kwechiteshi) zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja uchishandisa jekiseni repamberi mudziyo.

Chinangwa chekushandisa jekiseni mberi

Sezvo iyo jekiseni yepamberi mudziyo inoshandura zvakananga nguva yekutanga jekiseni, inogona kutsanangurwa sejekiseni rekutanga controller. Eccentric-type jekiseni advance device (inonziwo jekiseni advance clutch) inoshandura torque yeinjini inopihwa pombi yejekiseni, ichiita mabasa ayo ekudzora. Iyo torque inodiwa nepombi yejekiseni inoenderana nehukuru hwepombi yejekiseni, huwandu hwepiston peya, huwandu hwemafuta anobaiwa, kudzvanywa kwejekiseni, plunger dhayamita uye chimiro checam. Icho chokwadi chekuti injini torque ine yakananga mhedzisiro pakuita jekiseni nguva inofanirwa kutariswa mudhizaini pamwe chete nekugona kubuda kwesimba.

Cylinder pressure

Mupunga. Tangi kudzvinyirirwa: A. Kutanga jekiseni; B. Kutanga kwekutsva; C. Kunonoka kubatidza. 1. Nhanganyaya; 2. Kutsikirira sitiroko; 3. Basa rebasa; 4. Kusunungura kumhanya OT-TDC, UT-NMT; 5. Dzvinyiriro muhumburumbira, bara; 6. Piston chinzvimbo.

Dhizaini yejekiseni yepamberi mudziyo

Iyo jekiseni yepamberi mudziyo we-in-line jekiseni pombi inoiswa yakananga kumagumo ejekiseni pombi camshaft. Pane mutsauko wakakosha pakati peyakavhurika uye yakavharwa mhando jekiseni epamberi zvishandiso.

Iyo yakavharwa jekiseni yepamberi mudziyo ine yayo yekuzora mafuta reservoir, inoita kuti mudziyo uzvimirire kune injini lubrication system. Iyo yakavhurika dhizaini yakabatana zvakananga kune injini lubrication system. Muviri wemudziyo wakasungirirwa kubhokisi regiya rine screws, uye kubhadharira uye kugadzirisa eccentrics akaiswa mumuviri kuitira kuti atenderere akasununguka. Muripo uye gadziriso eccentric inotungamirwa nepini yakasimba yakabatana nemuviri. Pamusoro pekuchipa, mhando ye "yakavhurika" ine mukana wekuda nzvimbo shoma uye inozora zvakanyanya.

Nheyo yekushanda kwejekiseni yepamberi mudziyo

Iyo jekiseni yepamberi mudziyo inofambiswa nechitima chegiya chinoiswa mune injini yenguva kesi. Kubatana pakati pekupinza uye kubuda kwedhiraivha (hub) inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemapeya ezvinopindirana eccentric zvinhu.

Iyo yakakura kupfuura iyo, iyo inogadzirisa eccentrics (4), iri mumakomba eiyo stop disc (8), iyo inozokonewa kune drive element (1). Izvo zvinodzorera eccentric elements (5) zvakaiswa pakugadzirisa eccentrics (4) uye inotungamirirwa nazvo uye bhaudhi pahubs (6). Kune rumwe rutivi, hub bolt yakabatana zvakananga kune hubhu (2). Zviyereso (7) zvakabatanidzwa nekugadzirisa eccentric uye zvinobatwa panzvimbo yavo yepakutanga nezvitubu zvekuoma kwakasiyana.

Mupunga a) munzvimbo yekutanga; b) low speed; c) avhareji turnovers; d) high speed end position; a is the injection advance angle.

Jekiseni mberi mudziyo zviyero

Saizi yejekiseni yepamberi mudziyo, inotarwa nedhayamita yekunze nekudzika, inotaridza kuwanda kwezviyero zvakaiswa, chinhambwe pakati penzvimbo dzegiravhiti uye nzira inobvira yezviyero. Izvi zvinhu zvitatu zvinotarisawo simba rekubuda uye kushandiswa.

M size jekiseni pombi

Mupunga. M size jekiseni pombi

Mupunga. 1. Kuchengetedza vharafu; 2. Sleeve; 7 camshaft; 8. Kam.

Iyo M-saizi jekiseni pombi ndiyo diki pombi mumutsetse we-in-line jekiseni pombi. Iine muviri wakareruka alloy uye ine flange-yakaiswa kune injini. Kupinda mukati mepombi kunogoneka mushure mekubviswa kweplate yepasi uye chivharo chedivi, saka saizi M inotsanangurwa sepombi yejekiseni yakavhurika. Iyo yakanyanya jekiseni pressure inogumira ku400 bar.

Mushure mokubvisa chifukidzo chemativi chepombi, huwandu hwemafuta hunopiwa neplunger pairs hunogona kugadziriswa uye kuiswa pamwero wakafanana. Kugadziriswa kwega kwega kunoitwa nekufambisa zvikamu zvekusungirira pane tsvimbo yekudzora (4).

Panguva yekushanda, kuiswa kwepombi plungers uye, pamwe chete navo, huwandu hwemafuta anopiwa hunogadziriswa netsvimbo yekudzora mukati memiganhu inotarirwa nekugadzirwa kwepombi. Iyo M-saizi jekiseni pombi tsvimbo isimbi yakatenderedzwa ine furati, iyo inoiswa zvisungo (5). Marevhisi (3) akabatana zvakasimba kune rimwe nerimwe sleeve yekudzora, uye tsvimbo yakamonereka pamagumo ayo inopinda mugomba remubati wekudzora. Iyi dhizaini inozivikanwa se lever control.

Iyo jekiseni pombi plungers inosangana yakananga nema roller tappets (6), uye sitiroko inombogadziriswa nekusarudza rollers yedhayamita yakakodzera yetappet.

Kuzora kwepombi yejekiseni yehukuru M kunoitwa neyakajairwa kupihwa kweinjini mafuta. Mapombi ejekiseni reM anowanikwa aine 4,5 kana 6 piston pairs (4-, 5- kana 6-cylinder jekiseni pombi) uye akagadzirirwa mafuta edhiziri chete.

Jekiseni pombi saizi A

Mupunga. Saizi A Jekiseni Pombi

In-line A-frame jekiseni pombi ine hupamhi hwekuendesa siyana zvakananga kutevera M-frame jekiseni pombi.Iyi pombi ine zvakare chiedza alloy casing uye inogona kuiswa pamota ine flange kana furemu. Type A jekiseni pombi inewo "yakavhurika" dhizaini, uye majekiseni epombi ejekiseni (2) anoiswa zvakananga kubva kumusoro mukati meimba yealuminium, nepo gungano remarara (1) rinotsikirirwa mujekiseni pombi casing uchishandisa valve inobata. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso, iyo yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo hydraulic supply pressure, inofanirwa kubatwa nejekiseni pombi imba. Nechikonzero ichi, iyo yakanyanya jekiseni pressure inogumira ku600 bar.

Kusiyana neM type jekiseni pombi, iyo A yemhando jekiseni pombi inogadziriswa sikuruu (ine kiyi nati) (7) pane yega yega roller muteveri (8) kugadzirisa prestroke.

Kuti ugadzirise huwandu hwemafuta anopihwa nenjanji yekudzora (4), iyo A-mhando jekiseni pombi, kusiyana neM-mhando jekiseni pombi, ine giya rekutonga, uye kwete lever control. Chikamu chemazino chakamisikidzwa pane sleeve yekudzora (5) ye plunger inobata nereki yekudzora uye kuti ugadzirise mapairi emapungi kune imwechete lead, zvinodikanwa kusunungura maseti screws uye kutendeudzira iyo yekudzora sleeve kune wachi. mazino segment uye nekudaro zvine chekuita nenjanji yekudzora.

Zvose zvinoshanda pakugadzirisa rudzi urwu rwepombi yejekiseni inofanira kuitwa nepombi yakaiswa parutsigiro uye ine casing yakazaruka. Kufanana nepombi yejekiseni yeM, pombi yejekiseni yeType A ine chitubu-chakaremerwa padivi chivharo chinofanirwa kubviswa kuti uwane kupinda mukati mepombi yejekiseni.

Nekuzora, pombi yejekiseni yakabatana kune injini yekuzora system. Iyo A-type jekiseni pombi inowanikwa mushanduro anosvika gumi nemaviri masilinda uye, kusiyana neM-mhando jekiseni pombi, inokodzera kushanda nemhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta (kwete chete dizeli).

WM saizi jekiseni pombi

Mupunga. HPFP saizi WM

Iyo in-line MW jekiseni pombi yakagadzirwa kuti isangane nepamusoro-soro inodiwa. Iyo MW jekiseni pombi imhando yakavharwa mu-mutsara jekiseni pombi ine yakanyanya jekiseni pressure inogumira ku900 bar. Iyo ine zvakare mwenje alloy muviri uye yakanamatira kune injini ine furemu, flat base kana flange.

Magadzirirwo epombi yejekiseni yeMW anosiyana zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa kwepombi dzejekiseni A neM. Musiyano mukuru ndewekushandiswa kwepeya yeplungers, kusanganisira bushing (3), vharafu yekuburitsa uye inoburitsa valve inobata. Inoiswa kunze kweinjini uye inopinzwa kubva kumusoro mudzimba dzepombi yejekiseni. Papombi yejekiseni yeMW, chibatiso chevharuvhu chinodzvanywa chakananga mugwenzi rinobudikira kumusoro. Iyo pre-stroke inodzorwa nemashimi anoiswa pakati pemuviri neruoko negungano revharuvhu. Kugadziriswa kweiyo yunifomu yekupihwa kweyega plunger pairs inoitwa kunze kwepombi yejekiseni nekushandura mapeya eplunger. Iwo mapiston maviri anokwira maflange (1) anopihwa slots echinangwa ichi.

Mupunga. 1. Flange yekusimbisa peya yeplungers; 2. Kuchengetedza vharafu; 3. Sleeve; 4. Plunger; 5. Kudzora njanji; 6. Kudzora sleeve; 7. Roller pusher; 8 camshaft; 9. Kam.

Nzvimbo yejekiseni pombi plunger inoramba isina kushanduka kana gungano remaoko nevharuvhu yekuburitsa (2) richitenderedzwa. Iyo MW jekiseni pombi inowanikwa mushanduro ine 8 maoko (8 masilinda) uye inokodzera nzira dzakasiyana dzekuisa. Inoshandisa mafuta edhiziri uye inozorwa kuburikidza nerubrication system yeinjini.

P-saizi jekiseni pombi

Mupunga. P-saizi jekiseni pombi

Mupunga. 1. Kuchengetedza vharafu; 2. Sleeve; 3. Kubata kudzora; 4. Kudzora sleeve; 5. Roller pusher; 6 camshaft; 7. Kamera.

Iyo P saizi (rudzi) mu-mutsara jekiseni pombi yakagadzirwawo kuti ipe yakakwira yakanyanya jekiseni kudzvanywa. Kufanana nepombi yejekiseni yeMW, iyi pombi yemhando yakavharwa inosungirirwa kune injini ine hwaro kana flange. Kana iri P-type jekiseni pombi, rakagadzirirwa peak jekiseni pressure ye850 bar, sleeve (2) inoiswa muflange sleeve, iyo yatove yakarukwa kune inoburitsa valve inobata (1). Neshanduro iyi yekuisa sleeve, simba rekuvhara haritakuri pombi casing. Iyo pre-stroke inoiswa nenzira yakafanana neyepombi jekiseni reMW.

In-line high pressure fuel pombi dzakagadzirirwa yakaderera jekiseni kudzvinyirirwa shandisa zvakajairwa kuzadza tambo yemafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, mafuta anopinda mumigwagwa yemafuta ega ega bushings imwe mushure meimwe uye nenzira ye longitudinal axis yepombi yejojo. Mafuta anopinda mumutsara uye anobuda kuburikidza nemafuta ekudzosa system.

Kutora iyo P8000 vhezheni P jekiseni pombi semuenzaniso, iyo yakatemerwa majekiseni ekumanikidza kusvika 1150 bar (jekiseni pombi yedivi), iyi nzira yekuzadza inogona kukonzera yakawandisa tembiricha yemafuta (kusvika ku40 ° C) mukati mepombi yejekiseni pakati pe hose yekutanga neyekupedzisira. Sezvo kuwanda kwesimba rehuturu kuchidzikira nekuwedzera tembiricha yemafuta uye nekudaro nekuwedzera vhoriyamu, izvi zvinozoita kuti huwandu hwakasiyana hwesimba hupinzwe mumakamuri ekupisa einjini. Panyaya iyi, mapombi emafuta akadaro anoshandisa kuzadza kwakanyanyisa, ndiko kuti, nzira iyo mitsetse yemafuta ega ega inoparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe neimwe kuburikidza nemakomba anoputika).

Iyi pombi yejekiseni inobatanidzwawo kune injini yekuzora sisitimu yekuzora. Iyo Type P high pressure fuel pombi inowanikwawo mushanduro inosvika gumi nemaviri liner (cylinders) uye inokodzera zvese dhiziri nemamwe mafuta.