Tsananguro uye musimboti wekushanda kwesimba windows

Ose automaker anovavarira kugadzira avo mamodheru kwete chete akachengeteka uye akasununguka, asi zvakare anoshanda. Dhizaini yemotokari chero ipi inosanganisira akawanda akasiyana maficha anotendera iwe kusiyanisa yakatarwa mota modhi kubva kune dzimwe mota.

Kunyangwe paine hukuru hwekuona uye hwehunyanzvi misiyano, hapana mota inovakwa isina kudzoserwa windows windows. Kuita kuti zvive nyore kumutyairi kuvhura / kuvhara mawindo, michina yakagadzirwa neyamunogona kusimudza kana kudzikisa girazi pamusuwo. Yakawanda kwazvo bhajeti sarudzo ndeyeyemagetsi hwindo mutongi. Asi nhasi, mumamodeli mazhinji echikamu chebhajeti, mawindo emagetsi anowanzo kuwanikwa mune yekutanga dhizaini.

Ngatitarisei musimboti wekushanda kweiyi michina, chimiro chayo, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvacho. Asi kutanga, ngatipinde zvishoma munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwesimba rewindo.

Nhoroondo yekuonekwa kwesimba rewindo

Wemuchina wekutanga wekusimudza hwindo hwakagadzirwa nevanjiniya vekambani yeGerman Brose muna 1926 (patent yakanyoreswa, asi chishandiso chakaiswa pamotokari makore maviri gare gare). Vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari (vanopfuura makumi masere) ndivo vatengi vekambani iyi. Mucherechedzo uyu uchiri kuita mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigaro zvemota, madhoo nemitumbi.

Yekutanga otomatiki vhezheni yewindows regulator, yaive nemagetsi dhiraivha, yakaonekwa muna 1940. Sisitimu yakadaro yakaiswa muAmerican Packard mamodheru 180. Nheyo yemushini yacho yaive yakavakirwa pamagetsi emagetsi. Ehezve, dhizaini yekutanga kusimudzira yaive yakawandisa uye kwete ese masuo aibvumidza iyo system kuti iiswe. Kwapera chinguva, auto-yekusimudza mashandiro yakapihwa senzira neiyo Ford brand.

Lincoln premium limousines uye 7-seater sedans, yakaburitswa kubva muna 1941, yaive zvakare yakagadzirirwa iyi system. Cadillac imwezve kambani yakapa vatengi vayo vemotokari girazi rinosimudza pamusuwo wega wega. Kwapera chinguva, dhizaini iyi yakatanga kuwanikwa mune inoshandurwa. Muchiitiko ichi, mashandiro eiyo michina akawiriraniswa nedenga remotokari. Kana kumusoro kwadzikiswa, mahwindo ari mumikova aingozvivanza.

Pakutanga, makabrioleti aive akashongedzerwa nemotokari inotungamirwa neyekuchenesa yekuzorora. Kwapera chinguva, yakatsiviwa neanoshanda zvakanyanya analogue, inofambiswa ne hydraulic pombi. Mukufananidza nekuvandudzwa kweiyo iripo system, mainjiniya kubva kumakambani akasiyana akagadzira kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro anovimbisa kusimudza kana kudzikisa girazi mumikova.

Muna 1956, iyo Continental MkII yeLincoln yakaonekwa. Mumotokari iyi, mahwindo emagetsi akaiswa, ayo aityairwa nemagetsi mota. Iyo sisitimu yakagadziridzwa nemainjiniya eFord auto brand pamwe nekubatana nenyanzvi dzekambani yeBrose. Iyo yemagetsi mhando yegirazi inosimudza yakazvimisikidza pachayo seyakareruka uye yakavimbika sarudzo yevatyairi mota, saka iyi chaiyo nadzurudzo inoshandiswa mumota yazvino.

Chinangwa chehwindo remagetsi

Sekureva kwezita remushini, chinangwa chayo ndechekuti mutyairi kana mutyairi ari mumotokari achinje chinzvimbo chegirazi remukova. Sezvo echinyakare mehendi analogue yakanyatsogadzirisa neiri basa, chinangwa chekushandurwa kwemagetsi ndechekupa yakanyanya kureruka mune ino kesi.

Mune mamwe mamodheru emota, chinhu ichi chinogona kuiswa seimwe yekunyaradza sarudzo, asi mune vamwe inogona kuverengerwa mupakeji rekutanga remabasa. Kudzora iyo yemagetsi dhiraivha, yakasarudzika bhatani yakaiswa pane yemusuwo kadhi mubato. Zvishoma pane zvakajairika, kutonga uku kuri pakati petaneru pakati pezvigaro zvepamberi. Mune iyo bhajeti vhezheni, basa rekudzora ese mahwindo emota rakapihwa mutyairi. Kuti uite izvi, bhatani remabhatani rakaiswa pamubato wekadhi remukova, rimwe nerimwe rayo rinotarisisa hwindo chairo.

Nheyo yewindows regulator

Kuisirwa chero kwazvino hwindo mutongi kunoitwa mukati mechikamu chemusuwo - pasi pegirazi. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemagadzirirwo, dhiraivha inoiswa pane subframe kana yakanangana mukamuri casing.

Kuitwa kwemawindo emagetsi hakuna kumbosiyana neyevamwe michina. Musiyano chete ndewekuti pane zvishoma zvinovhiringidza kubva pakutyaira kukwidza / kudzikisa girazi. Mune ino kesi, zvakaringana kubaya inoenderana bhatani pane control module.

Mune yakasarudzika dhizaini, dhizaini trapezoid, iyo inosanganisira giya, dhiramu uye tambo tambo yakakomberedza giya yebhokisi. Panzvimbo pechibato, icho chinoshandiswa muchimakanika vhezheni, iro giya rinoenderana nesimbi yemagetsi mota. Inoita sechanza kutenderedza mashandiro ekufambisa girazi richisimudza.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwesimba remazuva ano windows iri microprocessor yekudzivirira module (kana block), pamwe neiyo relay. Iyo yemagetsi yekudzora unit inoona iwo masaini kubva kubhatani uye inotumira inoenderana yekumanikidza kune yakatarwa actuator.

Kugamuchira chiratidzo, mota yemagetsi inotanga kufamba uye kufambisa girazi. Kana bhatani rakadzvanywa pfupi, chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa pachakadzvanywa. Asi kana chikamu ichi chikabatwa pasi, otomatiki modhi inogoneswa muchikamu chekutonga, panguva iyo mota inoenderera ichimhanya kunyangwe bhatani rasunungurwa. Kudzivirira kutyaira kuti kusatsva kana girazi richizorora pamusoro pechikamu chepamusoro cheiyo arch, sisitimu inodzima magetsi kune mota. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune yakaderera nzvimbo yegirazi.

Hwindo dhizaini dhizaini

Iyo yakasarudzika mechnical windows regulator ine:

• Girazi inotsigira;
• Vertical guides;
• Rubha damper (iri pazasi kwemuviri wemusuwo, uye basa rayo kudzora kufamba kwegirazi);
• Hwindo chisimbiso. Chinhu ichi chiri pamusoro pehwindo rehwindo kana padenga, kana ichishandurwa (verenga nezve maficha emhando iyi yemuviri mune imwe ongororo) kana hardtop (chimiro cherudzi urwu rwemuviri chinofungidzirwa pano). Basa rayo rakafanana neiro rerabha damper - kudzikamisa kufamba kwegirazi munzvimbo yepamusoro yepamusoro;
• Dhiraivha. Iyi inogona kuve yechimakanisi vhezheni (mune ino kesi, mubato uchaiswa mukadhi remukova kutenderera dhiramu giya, pane iyo tambo yakakuvara) kana mhando yemagetsi. Muchiitiko chechipiri, hakuzove nemabatiro ekufambisa kwegirazi mukadhi remukova. Panzvimbo iyoyo, mota inodzoserwa yemagetsi yakaiswa pamusuwo (inogona kutenderera munzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nematanda aripo);
• Nzira yekusimudza iyo girazi inoendeswa mune yakatarwa nzira. Kune akati wandei marudzi enzira. Tichakurukura maitiro avo zvishoma gare gare.

Simba hwindo mudziyo

Sezvambotaurwa, mahwindo emagetsi mazhinji ane dhizaini yakafanana neyavo machina. Chinhu chakasarudzika mota yemagetsi uye zvemagetsi zvemagetsi.

Chinhu che dhizaini yemagetsi windows ine mota yemagetsi ndiko kuvapo kwe:

• Inodzoserwa mota yemagetsi, iyo inoita mirairo yeyuniti yekudzora, uye inosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kwedhiraivhu kana module;
• Waya dzemagetsi;
• Chidziro chinogadzirisa zviratidzo (zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemagetsi wedunhu: emagetsi kana emagetsi) anouya achibva muchikamu chekutonga (mabhatani), uye rairo kune anoshandisa musuwo unoenderana unobuda mairi;
• Dzora mabhatani. Nzvimbo yavo inoenderana neergonomics yemukati nzvimbo, asi kazhinji kacho zvinhu izvi zvichaiswa pamusuwo wemukati mabati.

Mhando dzekusimudza

Pakutanga, hwindo rekusimudza hwindo raive remhando imwe chete. Yakanga iri michina inoshanduka yaigona kungoshanda nekutenderedza mubato wehwindo. Nekufamba kwenguva, mainjiniya kubva kumakambani akasiyana akagadzira nongedzo dzinoverengeka dzezvikwambo.

Iyo yemazuva ano electromechanical hwindo mutongi inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa ne:

• Trosov;
• Rack;
• Lever simudza.

Ngatifungei nezvekusarudzika kweumwe neumwe wavo zvakasiyana.

Rope

Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa nadzurudzo yekusimudza michina. Mukugadzirwa kworudzi urwu rwekuvaka, zvinhu zvishoma zvinodiwa, uye mashandiro acho pachawo anosiyana kubva kune mamwe maanalogues mukuita kwayo kuri nyore.

Iyo dhizaini ine akati wandei anotenderera ayo tambo yakakuvadzwa. Mune mamwe mamodheru, cheni inoshandiswa, iyo inowedzera chishandiso chinoshanda chemushini. Chimwe chinhu mune ino dhizaini dhiraivha dhiraivha. Kana mota ikatanga kumhanya, inotenderera dhiramu. Nekuda kweichi chiito, tambo yakakuvadzwa yakatenderedza ichi chinhu, ichisimudza kumusoro / pasi pabhawa pakagadzikwa girazi. Iyi tambo inofamba chete munzira yakatwasuka nekuda kwegwara riri pamativi egirazi.

Kudzivirira girazi kubva skewing, vagadziri vakagadzira dhizaini yakadaro (mune dzimwe shanduro, muchimiro che trapezoid). Iyo zvakare ine maviri anotungamira machubhu kuburikidza iyo tambo yakasungirirwa.

Iyi dhizaini ine yakakosha kudzoka. Nekuda kwekushanda kuri kuita, tambo inoshanduka inokasira kukasira nekuda kwekusakara kwepanyama uye kubvaruka, uye zvakare inotambanudza kana kumonyorora. Neichi chikonzero, dzimwe mota dzinoshandisa cheni pachinzvimbo chetambo. Zvakare, dhiramu rekutyaira harina kusimba zvakakwana.

Rack

Imwe mhando yekusimudza, iyo isingawanzoitika, ndeye rack uye pinion. Iko kunakirwa kweiyi dhizaini mutengo wayo wakaderera, pamwe nekureruka kwayo. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana cheiyi nongedzo kushanda kwayo kwakatsetseka uye kwakapfava. Chigadzirwa chekusimudza ichi chinosanganisira chirafu chakamira chine mazino kune rimwe divi. Bhureki rinotenderera rine girazi rakagadzikwa pairi rakasungirirwa kumucheto wepamusoro kwenjanji. Girazi iro pacharo rinofamba pamwe nemitungamiriri, kuti irege kumisidzana panguva yekushanda kweimwe pusher.

Iyo mota inoiswa pane imwe bracket inoyambuka. Pane giya pane shaft yemagetsi mota, inonamatira kumeno eiyo rack rack, uye inoifambisa munzira yaunoda.

Nekuda kwekuti iyo giya chitima haina kudzivirirwa nechero mavhavha, guruva uye tsanga dzejecha zvinogona kupinda pakati pemeno. Izvi zvinotungamira kukurumidza kupfeka giya kupfeka. Chimwe chakashata ndechekuti kutyoka kwezino rimwe kunotungamira kukundikana kwemaitiro (iro girazi rinogara munzvimbo imwe). Zvakare, mamiriro eiyo giya chitima anofanirwa kuongororwa - nguva nenguva mafuta. Uye chinonyanya kukosha chinhu, nekuda kwekuti hazvigoneke kuisa mashandiro akadaro mumotokari zhinji, zviyero zvaro. Chimiro chakakura hachingokwani munzvimbo yemasuo madiki.

Lever

MaLifts anosimudza anoshanda nekukurumidza uye zvakavimbika. Dhizaini dhizaini zvakare ine chinhu chemazino, chinongotendeuka ("chinodhonza" semicircle), uye hachisimuke chakamira, senge mune yakapfuura kesi. Inofananidzwa nedzimwe sarudzo, iyi modhi ine dhizaini yakaoma, iyo ine akati wandei levers.

Muchikamu ichi, kune matatu ma subspecies ekusimudza mashandiro:

1. Neimwe lever... Dhizaini iyi ichave neruoko rumwe, magiya nemahwendefa. Iyo lever pachayo yakasungirirwa pane giya vhiri, uye pane lever pane mahwendefa ayo girazi rakagadziriswa. Slider ichaiswa kune rumwe rutivi rwechigadziko, iko kunozoenderedzwa mahwendefa negirazi. Iko kutenderera kwecogwheel kunopihwa negiya rakaiswa pane shaft yemagetsi mota.
2. Nemaviri levers... Iko hakuna musiyano wakakosha mukugadzirwa uku uchienzaniswa neiyo imwechete-lever analogue. Muchokwadi, uku ndiko kunonyanya kushandurwa kwemaitiro apfuura. Yechipiri lever yakaiswa pane iyo huru, ine dhizaini yakafanana kune imwechete-lever nadzurudzo. Kuvapo kwechinhu chechipiri kunodzivirira girazi kubva kune skewing panguva yekusimudza kwayo.
3. Maviri-ruoko, mavhiri... Iyo michina ine maviri magiya mavhiri ane mazino akaiswa pamativi eiyo huru giya vhiri. Chigadzirwa chakadai zvekuti panguva imwe chete chinotyaira mavhiri ese ari maviri akasungirirwa mahwendefa.

Kana kuraira kwatumirwa kumotokari, giya, rakasungirirwa pane shaft, rinoshandura shaft axle shaft. Iye, zvakare, nerubatsiro rweanosimudza, anomutsa / anoderedza girazi rakaiswa pane yekuyambuka bracket. Inofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti vagadziri vemota vanogona kushandisa akasiyana lever chimiro, sezvo yega mota modhi inogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzemusuwo.

Zvakanakira ekusimudza ruoko zvinosanganisira kuvaka nyore uye kushanda kwakanyarara. Izvo zviri nyore kuisa uye dhizaini yavo inoshanduka inobvumira kumisikidzwa pane chero muchina. Sezvo chitima chegiar chiri kushandiswa pano, sekumuchinjiso wekare, inezvakaipira zvakafanana. Zviyo zvejecha zvinogona kupinda muchimiro, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoparadza mazino. Inodawo kuverengerwa nguva nenguva. Uye zvakare, iyo mashini inosimudza girazi nenzira dzakasiyana. Kutanga kwekufamba kwacho kwakakurumidza, asi girazi rinounzwa kunzvimbo yepamusoro zvakanyanya zvishoma nezvishoma. Iko kune kazhinji majee mukufamba kwegirazi.

Zvimiro zvekushanda uye kutonga kwesimba windows

Sezvo hwindo remagetsi rakavakirwa pakuvakwa kweanogadzira analogue, mashandiro ayo ane chirevo chakareruka uye haidi chero hunyanzvi hwakakosha kana hunyengeri. Pamusuwo wega wega (zvinoenderana nemhando yemota) dhiraivha imwe chete inodiwa. Iyo mota yemagetsi inogamuchira kuraira kubva kuchikamu chekutonga, ichozve chinotora chiratidzo kubva kubhatani. Kuti usimudze girazi, bhatani rinowanzo simudzwa (asi kune zvimwe zvingasarudzwa, senge izvo zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo pazasi). Kufambisa girazi pasi, tinya bhatani.

Mamwe masisitimu emazuva ano anoshanda chete neinjini inomhanya. Nekuda kweizvi, kuchengetedzwa kunove nechokwadi chekuti bhatiri haribudiswe zvachose nekuda kwenzira yekumira yemagetsi (yemabatiro aungaita mota kana bhatiri rakaburitswa zvachose, verenga mune imwe chinyorwa). Asi mota zhinji dzakashongedzwa nemagetsi windows anokwanisa kumisikidzwa kana injini yemukati yemagetsi yadzimwa.

Mazhinji mamodheru emota akashongedzerwa nemagetsi akasununguka. Semuenzaniso, kana mutyairi achisiya mota asina kuvhura hwindo, iyo sisitimu inokwanisa kuziva izvi uye yoita basa racho pacharo. Iko kunogadziriswa kweanodzora masisitimu ayo anotendera iwe kudzikisa / kusimudza girazi kure. Kune izvi, pane akakosha mabhatani pane kiyi fob kubva mumota.

Kana iri yemagetsi system, pane mbiri dzekugadzirisa. Yokutanga inosanganisira kubatanidza bhatani rekudzora rakanangana nedunhu remota. Sangano rakadai rinosanganisira maseketi akapatsanurwa anoshanda akazvimirira ega. Kubatsira kweiyi gadziriro ndeyekuti mune chiitiko chekuparara kwemumwe munhu dhiraivha, iyo sisitimu inogona kushanda.

Sezvo dhizaini isina yuniti yekudzora, iyo system haizombokundikana nekuda kwekuwandisa kweiyo microprocessor, zvichingodaro. Nekudaro, iyi dhizaini ine yakakosha kudzoka. Kusimudza zvizere kana kudzikisa girazi, mutyairi anofanirwa kubatisisa bhatani, izvo zvinongovhiringidza pakutyaira sezvinoitwa nemanical analogue.

Yechipiri nadzurudzo yeanodzora system ndeyemagetsi. Mune iyi vhezheni, zano racho richava seinotevera. Magetsi ese emagetsi akabatana neyuniti yekudzora, kune mabhatani akabatanawo. Kudzivirira injini kuti isatsve nekuda kwekudzivirira kwakanyanya, kana girazi rasvika pakadzika rakafa pakati (kumusoro kana pasi), pane kuvharika mumagetsi.

Kunyangwe bhatani rakapatsanurwa rinogona kushandiswa pamusuwo wega wega, vatyairi vemashure vatyairi vanogona kungoshandisa yavo chete musuwo. Iyo huru module, iyo iyo inogoneka kumisikidza girazi dhiraivha pane chero musuwo, inongowanikwa nemutyairi chete. Zvichienderana nemidziyo yemotokari, iyi sarudzo inogona zvakare kuwanikwa kune kumberi mutyairi. Kuti uite izvi, mamwe ma automaker anoisa bhatani bhatani pakati pezvigaro zvepamberi pane wepakati tanera.

Nei ini ndichida rinovharira basa

Anenge ese mamodheru emazuva ano ewindo remagetsi ane rakakiiwa. Iri basa rinotadzisa girazi kufamba kunyange kana mutyairi achidhinda bhatani pane main control module. Iyi sarudzo inowedzera kuchengetedzeka mumotokari.

Iyi ficha ichave inonyanya kubatsira kune avo vanofamba nevana. Kunyangwe zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika zhinji, vatyairi vanofanirwa kuisa zvigaro zvakakosha zvevana, hwindo rakavhurika padyo nemwana rine njodzi. Kubatsira vatyairi kutsvaga chigaro chemotokari chemwana, tinokurudzira kuti iwe uverenge chinyorwa nezvezvigaro nemaisofix system... Uye kune avo vakatotenga chakadai sisitimu yekuchengetedza, asi vasingazive maitiro ekuiisa zvakanaka, pane kumwe kuongorora.

Kana mutyairi achityaira mota, haagone kutevedzera zvese zvinoitika mukabhini pasina kutsauswa kubva mumugwagwa. Zvekuti mwana haatambure nemhepo inoyerera (semuenzaniso, anogona kubata dzihwa), mutyairi anosimudza girazi kuenda padanho rinodiwa, anovharira mashandiro emahwindo, uye vana havazokwanise kuvhura mahwindo zvavo.

Basa rekukiya rinoshanda pane ese mabhatani pamusuwo wevanopinda kumashure. Kuti uite iyo, unofanirwa kudzvanya inoenderana bhatani bhatani pane yekudzvanya module. Nepo sarudzo irikushanda, vanosimudza kumashure havatambire chiratidzo kubva kuchikamu chekutonga kufambisa girazi.

Chimwe chinhu chinobatsira chemagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano mashandiro anodzoserwa. Kana, kana uchisimudza girazi, sisitimu inoona kudzikira mukutenderera kweye shaft yemota kana kumira kwayo kwakazara, asi girazi harisati rasvika pakakwirira zvakanyanya, chinodzora chinoraira mota yemagetsi kutenderera mune imwe nzira. Izvi zvinodzivirira kukuvara kana mwana kana chipfuwo chinotarisa kunze kwehwindo.

Nepo mawindo emagetsi achifungidzirwa kuti haana chekuita nekuchengeteka paunenge uchityaira, kana mutyairi asina kutsauswa pakutyaira, izvi zvinochengeta munhu wese ari mumugwagwa akachengeteka. Asi, sekutaura kwatakaita chimbichimbi, chimiro chevatariri vemahwindo vanozotarisana nemazvo nebasa iri. Neichi chikonzero, kuvapo kwemagetsi dhiraivha inosanganisirwa mumotokari nyaradzo sarudzo.

Pakupera kwekudzokorora, tinopa vhidhiyo ipfupi yekuti ungaisa sei magetsi emagetsi windows pamota yako:

S05E05 Isa mahwindo emagetsi [BMIRussian]