ORP Grom - zvirongwa uye kuita
ORP Kutinhira mumugwagwa muGdynia.
Pamusoro pemakore makumi masere ekusimudzwa kwemureza, Chivabvu 80 inoratidza rimwe zuva rekufa kweGrom ORP. Iyi ndiyo yaive yekutanga kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwezvikepe zvePoland muhondo dzekuMadokero, uye mamiriro ekufa kwechikepe ichi chakanaka ari kutariswa nanhasi. Kumwe kurudziro yekufunga uku ongororo yengarava yakanyura yakaitwa muna 4 nevakasiyana-siyana vePolish kubva kuBaltic Diving Society uye zvinyorwa zvakagadzirirwa panguva iyoyo. Asi munyaya ino, tichatarisa mavambo eGrom uye edza kuratidza zvimwe zvekugadzirisa kune zvinyorwa zvinyoro zvakatungamirira kukugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwezvikepe izvi.
Sezvinozivikanwa (pakati peavo vanofarira), matende matatu akaziviswa kusati kwavakwa kwevaviri vakakurumbira vaparadzi vePoland - Grom naBlyskavitsa. Iwo maviri ekutanga (chiFrench nechiSwedish) haana kubudirira, uye vaverengi vanofarira vanotumirwa kuchinyorwa chemunyori "Mukutsvaga Vaparadzi Vatsva" ("Gungwa, Ngarava uye Ngarava" 4/2000) uye nekuburitswa kweAJ-Press imba yekutsikisa. "Kutinhira Type Vaparadzi", chikamu 1 ″, Gdansk 2002.
Yechitatu nyoro, inonyanya kukosha, yakaziviswa muna Chikunguru 1934. Nzvimbo dzezvikepe dzeBritish dzakakokwa: Thornycroft, Cammell Laird, Hawthorn Leslie, Swan Hunter, Vickers-Armstrongs uye Yarrow. Pane imwe nguva gare gare, musi waNyamavhuvhu 2, 1934, tsamba yekupihwa uye kutsanangurwa kwakapihwawo kumumiriri weJohn Samuel White panomira ngarava muCowes.
Zvikepe zveBritish panguva iyoyo ndizvo zvainyanya kutengesa vaparadzi kuti vatengese kunze. Muna 1921-1939, vakapa ngarava 7 dzeiyi kirasi kunyika 25 muEurope neSouth America; mamwe 45 akavakwa panzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzezvikepe kuenda kumagadzirirwo eBritish kana nerubatsiro rweBritish. Vafambisi vengarava veGreece, Spain, Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Poland, Portugal, Romania neTurkey, pamwe neArgentina, Brazil neChile vakashandisa vaparadzi vakagadzirwa neBritish (kana nerubatsiro rwavo). Italy, yechipiri mune iyi chinzvimbo, yakazvikudza 10 vaparadzi vakavakirwa Romania, Greece neTurkey, nepo France yakatumira kunze vaparadzi vatatu chete kuPoland neYugoslavia (pamwe ne3 vane marezinesi).
VaBritish vakakurumidza kupindura zvikumbiro zvePoland. Parizvino tinoziva mapurojekiti maviri akagadzirwa mukupindura kune nyoro inopihwa neanogadzira ngarava Thornycroft uye Swan Hunter; mifananidzo yavo yakaratidzwa mubhuku rambotaurwa reAJ-Press. Zvose zvikepe zvine classic destroyer hull, ine uta hwakasimudzwa uye yakaderera silhouette. Paive nenzvimbo imwe yepfuti ine pfuti mbiri dze 120 mm pauta, uye nzvimbo mbiri dzakafanana kumashure, maererano ne "Technical Specifications for the Destroyer Project", yakabudiswa neNavy (pano - KMZ) muna Ndira 1934. mapurojekiti anewo ma turrets maviri.
Pamusangano waGunyana 4, 1934, Komisheni yeTender yakasarudza chikumbiro chekambani yeBritish John Thornycroft Co. Ltd. muSouthampton, asi mutengo wakanyanya. Nemhaka yezviri pamusoro apa, muna December 1934, kurukurirano dzakavamba nenzvimbo inochengeterwa ngarava yeJ.S. White. Pakukumbirwa nedivi rePoland, chivako chengarava chakaita chinjo dzinoverengeka kugadziriro yacho, uye muna January 1935, mugadziri mukuru weWhite Shipyard, Mr. H. Carey, akasvika muGdynia ndokuona Vihra neBurza imomo. Akapihwa maonero echiPolish akaunganidzwa mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda kwezvikepe izvi, uye akakurudzira shanduko idzo divi rePoland rakaona zvakakodzera.
Nehurombo, isu hatisati taziva kutaridzika chaiko kweprojekiti yakaratidzwa neiyo shipyard JS White. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kuwana imwe pfungwa pamusoro pavo, tichishandisa zvidhori zvinowanikwa muzvinyorwa zvePolish Optical Factories. PZO yakagadzirwa (uye yakazogadzirwa) seti yezviridzwa zvekudzivirira moto zvehondo dzemugungwa uye torpedo kuvhura kweGrom neBlyskavitsa uye sezviri pachena yakaziviswa nezve shanduko yedhizaini, pamwe yakatsanangurwa neKMW.
