Passenger mota maasi

Axle ndiyo chikamu chemotokari umo mavhiri maviri akatarisana (kurudyi nekuruboshwe) anonamirwa/akaturikwa kune chinotsigira chimiro chemotokari.

Nhoroondo yeaxle inodzokera kumazuva ezvikepe zvebhiza, kubva kune maekisi emotokari dzekutanga akakweretwa. Aya maekisi aive akareruka mukugadzira, chokwadi, mavhiri aive akabatana neshaft, iyo yaitenderedzwa yakasungirirwa pafuremu pasina chero kuturika.

Sezvo zvaidiwa pamotokari zvakawedzera, maekisero akawedzerawo. Kubva kune akareruka akaomeswa ma axles kusvika kune mashizha zvitubu kusvika kune emazuva ano akawanda-element coil zvitubu kana mabhero emhepo.

Maekisero emota dzemazuva ano idhizaini yakaomesesa, iro basa nderekupa yakanakisa kutyaira kuita uye kutyaira kunyaradza. Sezvo dhizaini yavo ndiyo chete chinhu chinobatanidza mota kumugwagwa, ivo vanewo simba guru pakuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwemotokari.

Iyo axle inobatanidza mavhiri kune chassis furemu kana muviri wemotokari pachawo. Inotamisa uremu hwemotokari kumavhiri, uye zvakare inotamisa masimba ekufamba, braking uye inertia. Inopa hutungamiri hwakakwana uye hwakakwana hwakasimba hwemavhiri akabatanidzwa.

Iyo axle ndiyo chikamu chisina kubuda chemotokari, saka vagadziri vanoedza kushandisa zvakanyanya pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi emwenje. Maekisi akapatsanurwa anogadzirwa neakaparadzana axle shafts.

Axial division

Nekugadzira

• Maekisi akaomarara.
• Rotary demo.

Nebasa

• Driving axle - iyo axle yemotokari, iyo iyo injini torque inotumirwa uye mavhiri ayo anotyaira mota.
• Inotyairwa (inotyairwa) axle - axle yemotokari iyo injini torque isingafambisirwe, uye ine chete inotakura kana yekufambisa basa.
• Ekisesi inotungamirwa iekisi inodzora mafambiro emotokari.

Maererano nekugadzirisa

• Mberi axle.
• Pakati axis.
• Shure ekisero.

Nekugadzirwa kwevhiri rinotsigira

• Inotsamira (yakagadziriswa) kukwira - mavhiri akabatana transversible nedanda (zambuko). Akadaro kuomarara akabatana ane kinematically kunoonekwa somunhu muviri, uye mavhiri kushamwaridzana mumwe.
• Nyakazvimirira vhiri kurongeka - vhiri rimwe nerimwe rakamiswa zvakasiyana, mavhiri haabatanidze zvakanangana kana achibuda.

Wheel fixing function

• Bvumira vhiri kuti rifambe rakamira zvinoenderana neiyo furemu kana muviri.
• Chinjana masimba pakati pevhiri uye furemu (muviri).
• Mumamiriro ezvinhu ese, ita shuwa kuti mavhiri ese anogara achisangana nemugwagwa.
• Bvisa asingadiwe mavhiri kufamba (padivi kusuduruka, mupumburu).
• Gonesa kudzora.
• Gonesa braking + kubata kwesimba rekubhureki.
• Shingairira kuendesa torque kumavhiri ekutyaira.
• Govera wakasununguka kukwira.

Akisi dhizaini dhizaini

Zvinodiwa zvakasiyana uye zvinowanzopokana zvinoiswa pamaekisero emotokari. Vagadziri vemotokari vane nzira dzakasiyana kune izvi zvinodiwa uye vanowanzo sarudza mhinduro yekukanganisa.

Semuyenzaniso. kana iri mota dzemhando dzepasi, kusimbiswa kuri pane yakachipa uye yakapusa axle dhizaini, nepo mune yemhando yepamusoro mota, kutyaira kunyaradza uye kudzora mavhiri ndiko kwakakosha.

Kazhinji, maekisero anofanirwa kudzikisira kutapuriranwa kwekudengenyeka kumotokari yemotokari zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, inopa chaiyo chaiyo yekufambisa uye vhiri-kuenda-kumugwagwa kusangana, kugadzirwa uye mashandiro emari zvakakosha, uye ekisero haifanire kudzora zvisina kufanira imba yekutakura zvinhu. nzvimbo yevashandi kana injini yemotokari.

• Rigidity uye kinematic chaiyo.
• Minimal geometry shanduko panguva yekumiswa.
• Minimal tire wear.
• Hupenyu hurefu.
• Minimum kukura uye uremu.
• Kupokana nenzvimbo dzine hutsinye.
• Mari yekushanda uye yekugadzira yakaderera.

Axle zvikamu

• Iyo tireyi.
• Disk mavhiri.
• Hub inobereka.
• Kumiswa kwevhiri.
• Yakamiswa kuchengetedza.
• Suspense.
• Damping.
• Kudzikamisa.

Dependent vhiri kuturika

Rigid axis

Nechimiro, iri yakapusa (isina mapini nemahinji) uye bhiriji rakachipa. Type yacho ndeye inonzi dependent suspension. Mavhiri ese ari maviri akabatana zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe, vhiri rinosangana nemugwagwa pamusoro pehupamhi hwese hwekutsika, uye kuturika hakuchinje vhiribase kana chinzvimbo chehukama. Nekudaro, iyo nzvimbo inoenderana yemavhiri ekisi inoiswa mune chero mamiriro emugwagwa. Nekudaro, kana iri imwe-nzira kumiswa, kutsauka kwemavhiri maviri akananga kumugwagwa kunoshanduka.

Iyo ekisi yakasimba inofambiswa nemashizha emashizha kana macoil springs. Matsime emashizha akasungirirwa akananga kumutumbi kana furemu yemotokari uye, pamusoro pekumiswa, iwo anopawo kudzora kwekutungamira. Panyaya yezvitubu zvecoil, zvinodikanwa kushandisa mamwe machinjiro pamwe neakareba madhairekitori, sezvo asingafambisi angangoita chero lateral (longitudinal) masimba, kusiyana nemashizha emashizha.

Nekuda kwekuoma kwakanyanya kweaxle yese, ichiri kushandiswa mumaSUV chaiwo pamwe chete nemotokari dzekutengesa (zvekushandisa, marori ekutakura). Imwe bhenefiti ndeyekubata matayi nemugwagwa pamusoro pehupamhi hwese kutsika uye vhiri rinogara riripo.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveaxle yakaoma zvinosanganisira hombe isina kusimuka, iyo inosanganisira huremu hweaxle bhiriji, kutapurirana (munyaya yeaxle inotyairwa), mavhiri, mabhureki uye, muchidimbu, huremu hwekubatanidza shaft, girodhi levers, zvitubu. uye damping zvinhu. Mhedzisiro yacho inoderedzwa nyaradzo panzvimbo dzisina kuenzana uye kuderedzwa kwekutyaira kwekutyaira paunenge uchityaira nekukurumidza. Iyo vhiri gidhi zvakare haina kunyatso kurongeka pane nekumisa yakazvimirira.

Chimwe chinokanganisa inzvimbo yakakwirira inodiwa yekufamba kwe axle (suspension), izvo zvinoita kuti pave nechimiro chakareba pamwe nenzvimbo yepamusoro yegiravhiti yemotokari. Panyaya yemaaxles ekutyaira, kuvhunduka kunoendeswa kune zvikamu zvinotenderera izvo zviri chikamu cheaxle.

Iyo axle yakaoma inogona kushandiswa seyekumberi-vhiri dhiraivha, pamwe neaxle yekutyaira kana ese ari maviri dhiraivha yekumashure uye yekutyaira.

Rigid axle dhizaini

Ekisero yebhiriji yakaturikwa kubva muzvitubu zvemashizha

• Kuvaka nyore.
• Chitubu chinogamuchira kureba uye kwekupedzisira kunetseka (kwematsime makuru).
• Kunyorova kukuru kwemukati (friction).
• Kuisa nyore.
• High kusimudza simba.
• Huremu hukuru uye kureba kwechirimo.
• Mari yekumhanya yakaderera.
• Yakaomeswa mitoro panguva yenguva pfupi nzira dzekushanda kwemotokari.
• Panguva yekumisa, axle inomonyoroka.
• Kuti ufambe zvakanaka, mwero wakaderera wechirimo unodiwa - iwe unoda marefu mashizha zvitubu + lateral kuchinjika uye lateral kugadzikana.
• Kuti udzikise kushushikana panguva yebhureki uye kukurumidza, chitubu cheshizha chinogona kuwedzeredzwa nerengitudinal tsvimbo.
• Zvitubu zvemashizha zvinowedzerwa nekuvhundutsa.
• Nezvekufambira mberi kwehunhu hwechirimo, inowedzerwa nemamwe mablades (danho shanduko mukuoma pamutoro wakakwira) - bogies.
• Rudzi urwu rwe ekisero haruwanzoshandiswa kumisikidza mota dzevapfuuri uye nemotokari dzakareruka dzekutengesa.

Panara Barbell 

Kuti uvandudze kuita kwekutyaira uye kugadzikana kwemota, zvinodikanwa kuti iyo yakaomeswa axle inodaidzwa kutariswa mune inotenderera uye yakareba nzira.

Mazuva ano, zvitubu zvemakoiri aiwanzo shandiswa ari kutsiva zvitubu zvemashizha zvakamboshandiswa, basa rayo rinokosha, kunze kwekubuda, raivewo kutungamira kweakisi. Nekudaro, zvitubu zvecoil hazvina basa iri (vanotapurirana anenge asina anotungamira masimba).

Munzira yakachinjika, Panhard tsvimbo kana mutsara waWatt unoshandiswa kutungamira axis.

Panyaya yePanhard tsvimbo, ishuviro inobatanidza axle kune furemu kana muviri wemotokari. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvekugadzirwa uku ndiko kusimuka kwemashure kweaxle maererano nemotokari panguva yekumiswa, izvo zvinotungamirira mukuderera kwekufambisa kunyaradza. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinogona kubviswa zvakanyanya nekurebesa dhizaini uye, kana zvichibvira, kukwira kwakatwasuka kwePanhard tsvimbo.

                                                   

Watt line

Watt line ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa kuyambuka regid axle. Inotumidzwa zita remuvambi wayo James Watt.

Maoko ekumusoro neazasi anofanira kunge akaenzana kureba uye ekisero inofamba yakananga kumugwagwa. Paunenge uchitungamira axle yakaoma, pakati peiyo hinge element yegwaro inoiswa pane axle axle uye inobatanidzwa nemalevers kumuviri kana furemu yemotokari.

Iko kubatana kunopa kuomarara kwekutenderedza kwekutendeseka kweichi axle, uku uchibvisa iyo yekufamba kufamba kunoitika mune yekumiswa kana uchishandisa iyo Panhard tsvimbo.

Longitudinal axis guide

Watt's line uye Panhard thrust inodzikamisa axle padivi chete, uye yekuwedzera nhungamiro inodiwa kuendesa longitudinal masimba. Nokuda kweizvi, maoko akareruka ekutevera anoshandiswa. Mukuita, zvinotevera mhinduro dzinonyanya kushandiswa:

• A maviri emaoko anoteedzera ndiyo yakareruka mhando, zvakanyanya kutsiva iyo lamellar lip guide.
• Maoko mana ekutevera - kusiyana nemaoko maviri, mune iyi dhizaini, kufanana kweiyo axis kunochengetwa panguva yekumisa. Zvisinei, iyo yakashata inorema zvishoma uye dhizaini yakaoma.
• Sarudzo yechitatu ndeyekutyaira ekisero ine maviri longitudinal uye maviri akarerekera lever. Muchiitiko ichi, mamwe maviri emaoko anorereka anobvumirawo kutorwa kwemasimba ekupedzisira, nokudaro kubvisa kudiwa kwekuwedzera lateral kutungamira kuburikidza nePanhard bar kana Watt's straight line.

Ekisi yakasimba ine 1 inochinjika uye 4 maoko anoteedzera

• 4 maoko anotevera anotungamira ekisero kureba.
• The wishbone (Panhard rod) inodzikamisa ekisi mberi.
• Iyo sisitimu inogadzirirwa kinematic yekushandisa kwemajoini ebhora uye mabara erabha.
• Kana iwo ekumusoro ekumisidzana akamira kumashure kweiyo axle, izvo zvinongedzo zvinoiswa kune tensile kushushikana panguva ye braking.

De-Dion akaomarara ekisero

Ekisesi iyi yakatanga kushandiswa naCount De Dion muna 1896 uye yave kushandiswa seyekumashure mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu nemotokari dzemitambo.

Ekisesi iyi inotora zvimwe zvezvivakwa zveekisero yakaoma, kunyanya kusimba uye kusungirirwa kwakachengeteka kwemavhiri eekisi. Mavhiri anobatanidzwa nezambuko rakaomarara rinotungamirirwa newati wakatwasuka mutsara kana Panhard bar inobata lateral masimba. Iyo axle longitudinal guide inogadziriswa nepeya yetilt levers. Kusiyana neaxle yakaoma, kutapurirana kunokwidzwa pamuviri kana furemu yemotokari, uye torque inopfuudzwa kumavhiri uchishandisa akasiyana urefu PTO shafts.

Nekuda kwechigadzirwa ichi, uremu husina kusimba hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Nemhando iyi yeaxle, disc mabhureki anogona kuiswa zvakananga pakutapurirana, zvichiwedzera kudzikisa huremu husina kusimba. Parizvino, rudzi urwu rwemishonga haisisiri kushandiswa, mukana wekuzviona, somuenzaniso, paAlfa Romeo 75.

• Inoderedza saizi yemasasi asina kubuda eiyo dhiraivha yakaoma axle.
• Iyo gearbox + musiyano (mabhureki) akaiswa pamuviri.
• Kungovandudza kudiki pakutyaira kunyaradza kana ichienzaniswa neakisi yakaoma.
• Mhinduro yacho inodhura kupfuura dzimwe nzira.
• Lateral uye longitudinal kugadzikana kunoitwa uchishandisa watt-drive (Panhard rod), stabilizer (lateral kudzikamisa) uye anotevera maoko (longitudinal kudzikamisa).
• Axial misha PTO miseve inodiwa.

Kumiswa kwevhiri rakazvimirira

• Kuwedzera kunyaradza uye kutyaira kwekutyaira.
• Zvishoma zvisina kusimba uremu (kutapurirana uye kusiyanisa hakusi chikamu cheaxle).
• Pane nzvimbo yakakwana pakati penzvimbo yekuchengetera injini kana zvimwe zvinhu zvemumota.
• Sezvo mutemo, kuvakwa kwakaoma, kudhura kunodhura.
• Kuderera kuvimbika uye nekukurumidza kupfeka.
• Haikodzeri nzvimbo dzakaipa.

Trapezoidal axis

Iyo trapezoidal axis inoumbwa nepamusoro uye yakaderera transverse wishbones, iyo inoumba trapezoid kana ichiratidzwa mundege yakatwasuka. Maoko akabatanidzwa kungave kune axle, kana kumota yemotokari, kana, mune dzimwe nguva, kune kutapurirana.

Ruoko rwezasi kazhinji rune chimiro chakasimba nekuda kwekufambisa kweyakamira uye chikamu chepamusoro chelongitudinal / lateral masimba. Ruoko rwepamusoro idiki zvakare nekuda kwezvikonzero zvenzvimbo, senge ekisero yekumberi uye nzvimbo yekutapurirana.

Mishonga inoiswa mu rubber bushings, zvitubu zvinowanzobatanidzwa kune ruoko rwezasi. Panguva yekumiswa, vhiri rinodzora, chigunwe, uye wheelbase shanduko, izvo zvinokanganisa zvisizvo kutyaira kwemota. Kuti abvise chiitiko ichi, akakosha dhizaini yetembere akakosha, pamwe nekugadzirisa kwejometri. Naizvozvo, maoko anofanirwa kuiswa akaenzana sezvinobvira kuitira kuti poindi yekunongedza yevhiri iri kure kure nevhiri.

Iyi mhinduro inoderedza kutenderera kwevhiri uye kutsiva vhiri panguva yekumisa. Nekudaro, iyo yakashata ndeyekuti pakati pekurerekera kweaxle inogadziriswa kune ndege yemugwagwa, iyo inokanganisa chinzvimbo cheanorerekera axis yemotokari. Mukuita, marevhisi ane hurefu hwakasiyana, izvo zvinoshandura kona yaanoita kana vhiri richibvongodza. Iyo inoshandurawo chinzvimbo chezvino chichi tenderera chevhiri uye nenzvimbo yepakati yekurerekera kwe ekisero.

Iyo trapezoidal axle yeiyo chaiyo dhizaini uye geometry inovimbisa yakanakisa vhiri kutungamira uye saka yakanaka kwazvo yekutyaira maitiro emotokari. Nekudaro, izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvimiro zvakaomarara uye mutengo wepamusoro wekugadzira. Nechikonzero ichi, parizvino inowanzoshandiswa mumotokari dzinodhura (pakati kusvika kukirasi yepamusoro kana mota dzemitambo).

Iyo trapezoidal ekisero inogona kushandiswa semberi dhiraivha uye kutyaira ekisero kana senge kumashure dhiraivha uye kutyaira ekisero.

Macpherson Kururamisa

Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mhando yeakisi ine yakazvimirira kumiswa ndeye MacPherson (anowanzo itwa McPherson), akatumidzwa zita remugadziri Earl Steele MacPherson.

Iyo McPherson axle inotorwa kubva kune trapezoidal ekisero umo ruoko rwekumusoro runotsiviwa neinotsvedza njanji. Nekudaro, iyo yepamusoro yakanyanya compact, zvinoreva nzvimbo yakawanda yedhiraivha system kana. trunk volume (rear axle). Ruoko rwezasi runowanzo kuita katatu muchimiro uye, senge trapezoidal axle, inotamisa chikamu chikuru che lateral uye longitudinal masimba.

Panyaya yeaxle yekumashure, chishuwo chakareruka dzimwe nguva chinoshandiswa chinotumira chete lateral mauto uye chinowedzerwa neanotevera link, zvichiteerana. torsion stabilizer lever yekufambisa kwema longitudinal forces. Masimba akamira anogadzirwa ne damper, iyo, zvisinei, inofanirawo kunge iri simba rekuveura rechimiro chakasimba nekuda kwemutoro.

Pamberi pechidhiraivho chemberi, damper yepamusoro inotakura (piston rod) inofanirwa kutenderedzwa. Kudzivirira kuti coil spring irege kumonyoroka panguva yekutenderera, kumucheto kwepamusoro kwechitubu kunotsigirwa neroller bearing. Chitubu chakaiswa pane damper housing kuitira kuti slideway isaremerwe nemasimba akatwasuka uye hapana kudhumhana kwakanyanya mukutakura pasi pemutoro wakatwasuka. Nekudaro, iyo yakawedzera kupokana mukutakura kunokonzerwa nenguva dze lateral uye longitudinal masimba panguva yekumhanyisa, braking kana kufambisa. Ichi chiitiko chinobviswa neyakagadzirirwa dhizaini mhinduro, seyakarerekera chitubu chetsigiro, rubber rutsigiro rwerutsigiro rwepamusoro, uye chimiro chakasimba.

Chimwe chinhu chisingadikanwi ndechekuita shanduko yakakosha mukutenderera kwevhiri panguva yekumisa, izvo zvinotungamira mukukanganisa kwekutyaira kwekutyaira uye kunyaradza kwekutyaira (vibrations, kutapurirana kwekudengenyeka kune chidhiraivho, nezvimwewo). Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuvandudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye kugadziriswa kunoitwa kubvisa chiitiko ichi.

Kubatsira kweMcPherson axle iri nyore uye isingadhuri dhizaini ine huwandu hushoma hwezvikamu. Pamusoro pemotokari diki uye dzakachipa, kugadziridzwa kwakasiyana kweMcPherson kunoshandiswa mumotokari dzepakati, kunyanya nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakagadziridzwa, asiwo nekudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira kwese kwese.

Iyo McPherson axle inogona kushandiswa semberi dhiraivha uye kutyaira ekisero kana senge yekumashure yekutyaira uye yekutyaira ekisero.

Crankshaft

• Iyo crank axle inoumbwa nemaoko ekutevera ane transverse swing axis (perpendicular kune iyo longitudinal ndege yemotokari), iyo yakaiswa mumabhengi erabha.
• Kuti uderedze masimba anobata parutsigiro rweruoko (kunyanya, kuderedza vertical load parutsigiro), vibration uye ruzha rwekufambisa kune muviri, zvitubu zvinoiswa padhuze sezvinobvira kusvika pakubata kwevhiri nevhu. ...
• Munguva yekumiswa, chete wheelbase yemotokari inoshanduka, kutsauka kwemavhiri kunoramba kusingachinji.
• Low kugadzira uye kushandisa mari.
• Zvinotora nzvimbo shoma, uye hunde pasi inogona kuiswa yakaderera - yakakodzera chiteshi chengoro uye hatchbacks.
• Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kutyaira kumashure maekisi uye kashoma kwazvo seyekutyaira.
• Shanduko yekutsauka inongogadzirwa kana muviri wakarereka.
• Torsion bars (PSA) inowanzoshandiswa kumisa.
• Kukanganisa ndiko kutsetseka kwakakosha kwema curves.

Iyo crank ekisero inogona kushandiswa semberi inotyairwa ekisero kana seshure rinotyairwa ekisero.

Crankshaft ine coupled levers (torsionally inoshanduka crankshaft)

Mune urwu rudzi rwe ekisero, vhiri rega rinomiswa kubva kune rimwe ruoko rwekutevera. Maoko anotevera akabatanidzwa neU-profile, iyo inoshanda se lateral stabilizer uye inotora lateral masimba panguva imwe chete.

Crank axle ine maoko akabatana ndeye semi-rigid axle kubva pakinematic point yekuona, nekuti kana nhengo yemuchinjiko ikaendeswa kune yepakati axle yemavhiri (isina maoko anoteedzera), ipapo kuturika kwakadaro kwaizowana zvimiro zveyakaomarara. ekisi.

Pakati pekurereka kweekisero kwakafanana neyeyakajairika crank axis, asi pakati pekurereka kweakisi iri pamusoro penzira yemugwagwa. Iyo axle inoita zvakasiyana kunyangwe kana mavhiri akamiswa. Nekumisikidzwa kwakafanana kwemavhiri maviri eekisero, vhiri remota chete rinoshanduka, asi kana iri kumiswa kwakapesana kana kumiswa kwevhiri rimwe chete, kutsauka kwemavhiri zvakare kunochinja zvakanyanya.

Iyo axle yakasungirirwa kumuviri nezvisungo zvesimbi-rabha. Kubatana uku kunovimbisa kutyaira kweakisi kwakanaka kana yakagadzirirwa zvakanaka.

• Mafudzi eiyo crankshaft akabatana ne torsionally rigid uye torsionally yakapfava tsvimbo (kazhinji U-yakaumbwa), iyo inoshanda seyakagadzika.
• Iyi ndiyo shanduko pakati peiyo rigid uye longitudinal crankshaft.
• Panyaya yekumiswa kwekuuya, kukanganisa kunochinja.
• Low kugadzira uye kushandisa mari.
• Zvinotora nzvimbo shoma, uye hunde pasi inogona kuiswa yakaderera - yakakodzera chiteshi chengoro uye hatchbacks.
• Kuunganidza nyore uye disassembly.
• Kureruka kurema kwezvikamu zvisina kupera.
• Yakadzikama kutyaira kuita.
• Mukati mekumiswa, kuchinja kuduku muchigunwe uye track.
• Self-steering understeer.
• Haibvumiri kutenderedza mavhiri - shandisa chete seyekumashure drive axle.
• Tendency yekukunda nekuda kwema lateral mauto.
• High shear mutoro pamawelds anobatanidza maoko uye torsion bar mune yakatarisana chitubu, iyo inoganhura iyo yakanyanya axial mutoro.
• Kusagadzikana kushoma pane zvisina kuenzana, kunyanya mumakona anokurumidza.

A crank axle ine coupled levers inogona kushandiswa senge yekumashure inotyairwa ekisero.

Pendulum (angular) axis

Inodaidzwawo kuti tilted axis zvichiteerana. oblique curtain. Iyo axle yakarongeka yakafanana neye crank axle, asi kusiyana ine yakatemerwa oscillation axis, iyo inotungamira yekuzvifambisa-yega yeakisi panguva yekumisa uye mhedzisiro ye understeer pamotokari.

Mavhiri akasungirirwa kune ekisero kuburikidza neforogo levers uye simbi-yerabha inotsigira. Panguva yekumiswa, iyo track uye vhiri rinotsauka zvishoma. Sezvo axle isingatenderi mavhiri kutenderera, inongoshandiswa seyekumashure (kunyanya kutyaira) axle. Nhasi haichashandiswi, taimboiona mumotokari dzeBMW kana Opel.

Multi-link axle

Rudzi urwu rwe ekisero rwakashandiswa pane yekutanga Nissan yekutanga flagship, iyo Maxima QX. Gare gare, iyo diki yePrimera neAlmera yakagamuchira ekisesi imwe yekumashure.

Iyo yekumisidzana-yekubatanidza kuturika yakavandudza zvakanyanya zvivakwa zveyakakwirisa torsionally inochinjika danda pane icho chimiro chakavakirwa. Saka nekudaro, Multilink inoshandisa inverted U-shaped simbi danda kubatanidza mavhiri ekumashure, ayo akaomarara zvakanyanya kana achikotama uye, kune rumwe rutivi, anochinjika kana achitendeuka. Iyo danda munzira yekureba inobatwa neyakaenzana erevhenesi anotungamira evers, uye kumagumo ayo ekunze inobatwa yakatwasuka nezvitubu zvine helical zvine absorbers dzekuvhunduka, zvichiteerana. zvakare neiyo yakasarudzika yakatwasuka lever kumberi.

Zvisinei, pachinzvimbo chePanhard danda rinoshanduka-shanduka, kazhinji rinonamirwa kumucheto kune ganda remuviri uye imwe kune ekisero ekisero, ekisero inoshandisa chinhu cheScott-Russell mhando-yekubatanidza chinhu chinopa kugadzikana kwekupedzisira uye kutyaira kwevhiri. mumugwagwa.

Scott-Russell Mashandiro inosanganisira yekuda uye yekudzora tsvimbo. Kufanana nePanhard bar, zvakare inobatanidza iyo wishbone uye torsionally inoshanduka danda kumuviri. Iyo ine yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti iite trailing maoko ave matete sezvinobvira.

Kusiyana nePanhard danda, chishuwo chemotokari hachitenderere panzvimbo yakatarwa padanda rinochinjika. Yakasungirirwa nekesi yakakosha, iyo yakaoma vertically asi inoshanduka padivi. Tsvimbo ipfupi yekudzora inobatanidza iyo yekuda (inenge yepakati nepakati pakureba kwayo) uye torsion bar mukati meimba yekunze. Kana iyo axis ye torsion danda inosimudzwa uye yakaderedzwa maererano nemuviri, iyo mashini inoita senge Panhard bar.

Nekudaro, sezvo bhomba rechishuwo panoperera tambo ye torsion inogona kufamba padhuze nepadhuze, inodzivirira ekisero rese kuti rifambe mushe uye panguva imwechete riine kusimudza senge nyore Panhard bar.

Mavhiri ekumashure anongofamba akamira achienderana nemuviri, pasina mutsauko pakati pekutendeukira kurudyi kana kuruboshwe. Kubatana uku zvakare kunotendera kushoma kushoma pakati penzvimbo yekutenderera nepakati pesimba kana axle yakasimudzwa kana kudzikiswa. Kunyangwe nekufamba kwenguva refu kwekumiswa, yakagadzirirwa mamwe mamodheru ekuvandudza nyaradzo. Izvi zvinoona kuti vhiri rinotsigirwa kunyangwe nekumiswa kwakakura kana kwakapinza pakona kanenge kwakanangana nemugwagwa, zvinoreva kuti kusangana kwakanyanya kwetaya kusvika kumugwagwa kunochengetwa.

Iyo Multilink axle inogona kushandiswa semberi-vhiri dhiraivha, pamwe nedhiraivha axle kana kumashure dhiraivha axle.

Multi-link axle - multi-link kumiswa

• Iyo inogadzirisa zvakanyanya inodiwa kinematic zvimiro zvevhiri.
• Zvimwe zvakanyatso gwara kutungamira neashoma vhiri geometry shanduko.
• Kutyaira nyaradzo uye vibration damping.
• Low friction bearings mu damping unit.
• Kuchinja dhizaini yerumwe ruoko pasina kushandura rumwe ruoko.
• Huremu huremu uye compact - yakavakirwa-nzvimbo.
• Iine zvidiki zvidiki uye kuyerwa kuyerwa.
• Kukwidza mari yekugadzira.
• Hupenyu hupfupi hwesevhisi (kunyanya mabheji erabha - zvidhinha zvinyararire zveakanyanya kuremerwa levers)

Iyo yakawanda-chidimbu ekisero yakavakirwa pane trapezoidal axis, asi iri kudzvanya zvakanyanya maererano nekuvaka uye inoumbwa nezvikamu zvinoverengeka. Inosanganisira maoko akareruka akareba kana matatu. Ivo vanoiswa kana anotenderera kana kureba, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakare zvisina kukwana (mune yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka ndege).

Iyo yakaoma dhizaini - kuzvimiririra kweiyo levers inobvumidza iwe kunyatso kuparadzanisa longitudinal, transverse uye vertical masimba anoshanda pavhiri. Ruoko rumwe norumwe rwakagadzirirwa kutumira axial forces chete. Longitudinal masimba kubva mumugwagwa anotorwa nevanotungamira uye vanotungamira levers. Masimba anochinjika anonzwisiswa nemaoko akachinjika ehurefu hwakasiyana.

Kugadziriswa kwakanaka kweiyo lateral, longitudinal uye vertical stiffness inewo mhedzisiro yakanaka pakutyaira kwekutyaira uye kutyaira kunyaradza. Iyo yekumisa uye kazhinji iyo yekuvhundutsa inopinza inowanzoiswa parutsigiro, kazhinji inochinjika, ruoko. Nokudaro, ruoko urwu runoiswa pasi pekunetseka kupfuura mamwe, izvo zvinoreva chimiro chakasimba kana. zvinhu zvakasiyana (semuenzaniso simbi inopesana nealuminium alloy).

Kuti uwedzere kuomarara kwe-multi-element kumiswa, iyo inonzi subframe - axle inoshandiswa. Iyo axle inosungirirwa kumuviri nerubatsiro rwesimbi-rubber bushings - silent blocks. Zvichienderana nemutoro weimwe kana imwe vhiri (evasion maneuver, cornering), kona yezvigunwe inoshanduka zvishoma.

Shock absorbers inongoremerwa zvishoma ne lateral kushushikana (uye saka yakawedzera friction), saka vanogona kunge vari madiki uye akaiswa zvakananga mucoil zvitubu coaxially - kusvika pakati. Kumiswa hakurembera mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, ayo ane mhedzisiro yakanaka pakutasva nyaradzo.

Nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira yekugadzira, iyo yakawanda-chidimbu axle inonyanya kushandiswa mukati-yepakati uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira mota, zvichiteerana. vatambi.

Sekureva kwevanogadzira mota, dhizaini yeiyo yakawanda-yekubatanidza axle pachayo inosiyana zvakanyanya. Kazhinji, kumiswa uku kunogona kukamurwa kuve nyore (3-link) uye kuomarara (5 kana kupfuura levers) mounts.

• Panyaya yekumisikidzwa kwematatu-link, kureba uye kuchinjika kusimuka kwevhiri kunogoneka, kusanganisira kutenderera kwakatenderedza vertical axis, iyo inonzi 3 madhigirii erusununguko - shandisa nechemberi chidhiraivho uye kumashure ekisero.
• Nekukwirisa mana-link, vertical vhiri kufamba kunobvumidzwa, kusanganisira kutenderera kutenderedza vertical axis, iyo inonzi 2 madhigirii erusununguko - shandisa nechemberi chidhiraivho uye kumashure ekisero.
• Muchiitiko chekuisa mashanu-link, chete vertical movement yegumbo inobvumirwa, iyo inonzi 1 dhigirii yekusununguka - zviri nani kutungamirira vhiri, shandisa chete pamusana wekumashure.