Kutanga uye nheyo dzeNobel Prize

Sturegatan 14 - nzvimbo yeNheyo

- muna 1989, huwandu hweNobel Prizes hwakawedzerwa kubva pa880 kusvika ku000 mamiriyoni SEK, asi muna 3 chete ndiyo yakakosha kukosha kwekutanga kwekutanga kwa1991. ne inflation. Muna 1901, vakakunda vakagamuchira cheki kekutanga muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni gumi eCZK. Vatambi vekutanga muna 1991 vakagamuchira 2001 korona, iyo yaienderana neavhareji makumi maviri epakati peavhareji mari yemupurofesa. Kana tikaenzanisa mihoro yevasaenzi vakakurumbira venguva yedu, saka huwandu hwemarimu husati hwasvika padanho rakadaro. Mari iyi inotungamirwa neNobel Foundation.

Nobel Foundation yakavambwa musi waJune 29, 1900. Mibayiro yekutanga yakapiwa makore 6 mushure mekufa kwaAlfred Nobel, muna 1901, nokuda kwekubudirira mune physics, chemistry, mishonga uye mabhuku? muStockholm uye nokuda kwechikonzero chorugare here? muOslo.

Nobel aida kupa masayendisiti mukana wekuita tsvakurudzo inofadza nemibairo yemari. Akabatana nemabhuku pakati peminda yakahwina mibairo, pamwe nekuti aida kuzvinyorera, asi haana kubudirira zvakanyanya munharaunda iyi.

Mubairo weRunyararo, kune rumwe rutivi, pakutanga waionekwa sechirango chaNobel, akagadzira zvinoputika zvakawanda (senge nitroglycerin, dynamite, cordite, pfuti isinganhuhwi). Zuva risati rafa, akanyora kuti akanga achangobva kugadzira nitrocellulose poda isina utsi. Pakazara, akazivisa 355 patents pasi rese. Chikamu chikuru kwazvo chepfuma yake chakabva kune zvido zvakavakirwa pazvinoputika. Asi shamwari yaAlfred Nobel yakaomerera pakuti muvambi womubairo aitenda muna ikoku? kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzekuparadza mukuitwa kwehondo kune mukana mukuru wekuzvipedza kupfuura makongiresi erunyararo akaiswa pamwechete. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Alfred Nobel haana kunzwa aine mhosva nezvezvinoputika zvaakagadzira.

Nzvimbo yakasiiwa naAlfred Nobel inotungamirwa neNobel Foundation, asi hapana mibairo inopihwa. Mugore rekufa kwaAlfred Nobel, hupfumi hwake hwose hwaifungidzirwa pamamiriyoni 33,234 korona. Vaiti vekuda: Ragnar Zolman (ava nemakore 26) naRudolf Liljekista (panguva iyoyo 40), vaifanira kupatsanura kufarira mari muzvikamu zvishanu zvakaenzana - mabhonasi munzvimbo dzakananga dzesainzi. Homwe yacho yaifanirawo kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yaibatwa mumasecurity. Kunyange zvazvo pakanga pane pfungwa dzakawanda pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemari, pfuma yakaderera muma20 uye 30s semugumisiro weKuderera Kukuru uye inflation. Kusvikira 1946, Fund, yaionekwa sekambani yemari, yaifanira kubhadhara mitero yakakwirira. Muna 1922, mutero wakaverengwa wakanga wakakwirira kudarika huwandu hwemubhadharo wegore ra1923. Mukati memakore ekuma40 chete ndipo paakaregererwa pamutero wemari nemitero yemagariro.

Muma60s, nzira yekudyara mari yakashandurwa, uye kudyara kwakatanga mune real estate, masango uye mabhizinesi ekurima. Muma70s, Nobel Foundation yakaisa mari yayo mumasheya, uye mukupera kwema80s, mumusika wezvivakwa. Pasi pehutungamiri hweStig Ramel, pfungwa yakasimuka kuti atore pfuma yake mukambani yake, iyo inogona kutengeswa pamusika wekutengesa. Muna Gumiguru 1987, Bavaring yakavambwa. Homwe iyi yakatengesa zvivakwa zvayo pamubhadharo wepamusoro mukutanga kwe90s, Kuderera Kukuru kusati kwaitika, uye guta rayo rakapetwa kaviri.

"Asi huzivi hwedu huchiri kuisa mari pasina njodzi," anodaro Solman, muzukuru wemaneja wehomwe yekutanga. Yaingova muma 90s apo kukosha chaiko kwepfuma kwakasvika pakukosha kwenguva iyo pakarepo mushure mekufa kweNobel Prize.

Kubva 1 Ndira 2000, Homwe inogona zvakare, kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kumitemo, kuwedzera kune huwandu hwemubhadharo wemubairo kubva kuaccounting uye kubva pachiyero chekuchinjana pakutengeswa kwezvinhu.

Zvirambidzo pavaridzi vemasheya, izvo zvanga zvichisvika kusvika zvino kusvika 70% yemidziyo, zvabviswawo. Izvo chete zvinogumira ndezvekuti mutengo wenguva refu wechinhu haufanirwe kukanganiswa kuitira kuchengetedza kukosha chaiko.