Leopard main battle tank

Muna July 1963, Bundestag yakasarudza kutanga kugadzirwa kwematangi matsva. Matangi ekutanga, anonzi "Leopard-1", akapinda mumatangi eBundeswehr munaAugust 1963. Tangi "Leopard" ine classic marongerwo. Kurudyi pamberi pehull kune chigaro chemutyairi, mu turret - mukati mechikamu chehombe chombo chikuru chetangi chakaiswa, vamwe vatatu vevashandi varipowo: mutungamiriri, pfuti uye mutakuri. Kumashure kune kamuri yemagetsi ine injini uye kutapurirana. Muviri wetangi wakasungwa kubva pamahwendefa ezvombo akakungurutswa. Ukobvu hwepamusoro hwezvombo zvepamberi zvehull hunosvika 70 mm pakona ye60 °. Iyo cast tower inovakwa nekuchenjerera kunoshamisa. Kureba kwayo kwakaderera kune hunhu - 0,82 m padenga uye 1,04 m kusvika kumusoro-soro kweiyo mutungamiriri michina yekutarisa iri padenga. Zvisinei, kureba kusingakoshi kweshongwe hakuna kutungamirira pakuderera kwekukwirira kwekamuri yekurwa yeLeopard-1 tank, iyo 1,77 m uye 1,77 m.

Asi huremu hweLeopard turret - anenge matani 9 - hwakazove hushoma kudarika hwematangi akafanana (anenge matani gumi nemashanu). Huremu hudiki hweiyo turret hwakagonesa kushanda kweiyo nhungamiro system uye yekare turret traverse mechanism, yakashandiswa paM15 Patton tank. Kurudyi kumberi kwekesi kune chigaro chemutyairi. Pamusoro payo padenga rehull pane hatch, muvharo iyo matatu periscopes akaiswa. Iyo yepakati inobviswa zviri nyore, uye mudziyo wechiratidzo chehusiku unoiswa munzvimbo yayo kuti utyaire tangi mumamiriro ekusaona zvakanaka. Kuruboshwe kwechigaro chemutyairi kune rack yezvombo ine chikamu chemutoro wezvombo, zvichiita kuti mutakuri asvike nyore nyore kumutoro wezvombo pane chero nzvimbo ye turret ine hukama netangi hull. Nzvimbo yebasa remutakuri iri mu turret, kuruboshwe rwepfuti. Kuti uwane tangi uye kubuda kubva mairi, mutakuri ane hatch yakasiyana padenga reshongwe.

Iyo huru yehondo tangi "Leopard-1" pane maekisesaizi

Kurutivi rworudyi rwe turret padivi pehatch yemutakuri, pane hatch yemutungamiriri wetangi uye pfuti. Nzvimbo yebasa yepfuti iri pamberi peturet iri kurudyi. Mukuru wetangi anowanikwa zvishoma kumusoro uye kumashure kwake. Hondo huru ye "Leopard" ndiyo English 105-mm rifled gun L7AZ. Zvombo zvepfuti, zvinosanganisira pfuti makumi matanhatu, zvinosanganisira kubaya kwezvombo, mabhomba akadzika ane pallet inobviswa, anowedzera uye anobaya mabhomba anoputika epurasitiki ane zvinoputika zvepurasitiki. Imwe 60-mm muchina pfuti yakapetwa nekanoni, uye yechipiri inoiswa pane turret pamberi pehatch yemutoro. Pamativi eshongwe akaiswa magirinedhi ekuseta zvidzitiro zveutsi. Iye pfuti anoshandisa stereoscopic monocular rangefinder uye telescopic kuona, uye mutungamiriri anoshandisa panoramic kuona, iyo inotsiviwa ne infrared usiku.

Iyo tangi ine kukwirira kwekufamba, iyo inosimbiswa nekushandiswa kwe10-cylinder V-yakaumbwa yakawanda-mafuta dizeli injini MV 838 Ka M500 ine simba re830 litres. With. pa 2200 rpm uye hydromechanical transmission 4NR 250. The chassis yetangi (pabhodhi) inosanganisira 7 track rollers yakagadzirwa nemagetsi akareruka ane yakazvimiririra torsion bar suspension, kumashure-yakaiswa dhiraivha vhiri, pamberi-yakaiswa chidhiraivho uye maviri anotsigira. rollers. Kufamba kwakati kwakamira kwakakosha kwemavhiri emugwagwa zvine chekuita netangi hull kunodzorwa nezvinomisikidza. Hydraulic shock absorbers yakabatana kune zvienzaniso zvekutanga, yechipiri, yechitatu, yechitanhatu uye yechinomwe kumiswa. Matiraki akashongedzerwa nemapedhi erabha anobvumira tangi kufamba munzira huru pasina kukuvadza kubhandirwa kwayo. "Leopard-1" yakashongedzerwa nesefa-yemhepo yekufefetera iyo inovimbisa kuita kwakajairika kwevashandi kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, uye hurongwa hwekushandisa moto.

Nerubatsiro rwemidziyo yekutyaira pasi pemvura, zvipingamupinyi zvemvura zvinosvika 4 m kudzika zvinogona kukundwa Kukurukurirana kunoitwa pachishandiswa 5EM 25 radio station, inoshanda munzvimbo yakakura (26-70 MHz) pa880 chiteshi, gumi izvo zvinorongwa. Paunenge uchishandisa antenna akajairwa, huwandu hwekukurukurirana hunosvika 10 km. Mukutanga 35s muGermany, kuitira kuvandudza kurwa hunhu Leopard-70 tangi, yayo phased modernization yakaitwa. Yekutanga yemazuva ano modhi yakagamuchira zita rekuti "Leopard-1A1" (1 mota dzakagadzirwa muzvikamu zvina). Iyo tangi yakashongedzerwa nembiri-ndege huru yekusimbisa zvombo, iyo pfuti mbiya yakafukidzwa neheat-insulating casing.

Leopard main battle tank

Main hondo tank "Leopard-1".

Kuti uwedzere kuchengetedzwa kwemativi ehull, madziro emadziro akaiswa. Mapedhi erabha aionekwa pamakwara egonye. Matangi "Leopard-1A1A1" anosiyaniswa nekuwedzera kwezvombo zvekunze zveshongwe, yakagadzirwa nekambani "Blom und Voss". Iyo ine mahwendefa ezvombo akakomberedzwa ane jira rejasi rekugadzira rakaiswa paari, iro rakasungirirwa pashongwe nemabhaudhi. kubatana. Ndiro yezvombo inoiswawo weld kumberi kwedenga returret. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti kuwedzera kwehondo kurema kwetangi inenge 800 kg. Iyo A1A1 yakatevedzana michina ine yakasarudzika silhouette inoita kuti ive nyore kuziva.

Mushure mechikamu chinotevera chemazuva ano, Leopard-1A2 modhi yakaonekwa (motokari 342 dzakagadzirwa). Ivo vanosiyaniswa neyakasimbiswa nhumbi dzokurwa dze cast turret, pamwe nekuisirwa kwehusiku dhizaini yekuona pasina kuvhenekerwa panzvimbo peiyo yapfuura inoshanda yakashandiswa nemukuru wetangi uye mutyairi. Pamusoro pezvo, mafirita emhepo einjini uye sefa-ventilation system yekudzivirira pazvombo zvinoparadza zvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa. Kunze, matangi eA1 uye A2 akatevedzana akaoma kusiyanisa. Iyo Leopard-1AZ tangi (110 mayuniti akagadzirwa) ine itsva welded turret ine spaced zvombo. Iyo shongwe itsva yakabvumira kwete chete kuvandudza kunaka kwekudzivirira, asiwo kuwedzera ukuru hwekamuri yekurwira nekuda kweiyo niche yakakura kumashure kwayo. Kuvapo kweniche kwakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuenzanisa shongwe yese. A periscope yakaonekwa pakurasa kwemutakuri, ichibvumira kuona denderedzwa. Iyo Leopard-1A4 modhi (250 matangi anogadzirwa) ane hutsva hwekudzora moto system, kusanganisira yemagetsi ballistic komputa, yakasanganiswa (masikati neusiku) yemutungamiriri wepanoramic yekuona ine yakagadzikana yeP12 mutsara wekuona, uye pfuti huru yekuona ine. EMEZ 12A1 stereoscopic rangefinder ine 8- uye 16x magnification.

Pakazosvika 1992, iyo Bundeswehr yakagamuchira 1300 Leopard-1A5 mota, inova imwe yemazuva ano yemhando yeLeopard-1A1 uye Leopard-1A2. Tangi yakakwidziridzwa yakashongedzerwa nezvimwe zvechizvino-zvino zveiyo moto control system, kunyanya kuona kwepfuti ine yakavakirwa-mukati laser rangefinder uye thermal imaging channel. Dzimwe gadziriso dzakaitwa kune inodzikamisa pfuti. Padanho rinotevera remazuva ano, zvinokwanisika kutsiva pfuti ye105-mm ine pfuti yakatsetseka 120-mm caliber.

Maitiro ekuita kwetangi huru yehondo "Leopard-1" / "Leopard-1A4"

Kurwisa uremu, т	39,6/42,5
Vashandi, vanhu	4
Dimensions, mm:
kureba nepfuti mberi	9543
Kuwedzera	3250
kureba	2390
clearance	440
Hondo, mm
hull huma	550-600
hull side	25-35
shure	25
shongwe yehuma	700
parutivi, necheshure kweshongwe	200
Armarm:
	105-mm pfuti yepfuti L 7AZ; maviri 7,62 mm pfuti yemuchina
Boek set:
	60 shots, 5500 rounds
Injini	MV 838 Ka M500,10, 830-cylinder, dhiziri, simba 2200 hp pamwe. pa XNUMX rpm
Yakananga pasi kumanikidza, kg / cm	0,88/0,92
Highway kumhanya km / h	65
Kufamba mumugwagwa mukuru Km	600
Kukurira zvipingamupinyi:
kureba kwemadziro, м	1,15
mugero wakafara, м	3,0
kudzika kwechikepe, м	2,25

Pahwaro hweLeopard-1 tangi, mhuri yemotokari dzakashongedzwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana yakagadzirwa, kusanganisira Gepard ZSU, iyo Standard armored kugadzirisa uye kudzoreredza mota, tangi bhiriji layer, uye Pioneerpanzer-2 sapper tank. Kusikwa kweTangi yeLeopard-1 kwaive kubudirira kukuru kune indasitiri yemauto eGerman. Nyika zhinji dzakaodha michina iyi kuGermany kana kuwana marezinesi ekugadzira pahwaro hwadzo hweindasitiri. Parizvino, matangi emhando iyi ari kushanda nemauto eAustralia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Holland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey uye, zvechokwadi, Germany. Matangi eLeopard-1 akave akanaka kwazvo panguva yekushanda, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuti nyika zhinji dzakanyorwa pamusoro, dzatanga kudzorera mauto epasi, dzakatarira kuGermany, uko motokari itsva dzakaonekwa - matangi eLeopard-2. Uye kubva February 1994 "Leopard-2A5".

Leopard main battle tank

Main hondo tank "Leopard-2"

Kugadziriswa kwetangi rechitatu mushure mehondo yakatanga muna 1967 sechikamu chepurojekiti yeMBT-70 pamwe chete neUnited States. Asi makore maviri gare gare, zvakava pachena kuti nekuda kwekusawirirana kunogara kuchimuka uye mutengo unoramba uchikwira, chirongwa ichi chaisazoitwa. Sezvo varasikirwa nechido mukusimudzira pamwe chete, maGermany akaisa simba ravo pane yavo yekuedza tank KRG-70, iyo yakanzi "Kyler". Mumotokari iyi, nyanzvi dzeGermany dzakashandisa mhinduro dzakawanda dzakawanikwa panguva yekuitwa kweprojekti yakabatana. Muna 1970, Germany neUnited States vakazoenderera mberi nekugadzira matangi avo emunyika.

MuGermany, zvakasarudzwa kugadzira shanduro mbiri dzemotokari yehondo - ine zvombo zvemakona ("Leopard-2K") uye ne-anti-tank missile zvombo ("Leopard-2RK"). Muna 1971, kugadzirwa kwetangi yeLeopard-2RK kwakamiswa, uye muna 1973, 16 hulls uye 17 turrets yeLeopard-2K tank yakagadzirwa kuti iongorore. Maprototypes gumi aive akapakatira pfuti ye105 mm, uye mamwe aine 120 mm smoothbore. Mota mbiri dzaive ne hydropneumatic suspension, asi torsion mabara akazosarudzwa.

Mugore rimwe chetero, chibvumirano chakapedzwa pakati peFRG neUSA pamusoro pekumisikidzwa kwezvirongwa zvavo zvetangi. Yakapa kubatanidzwa kwezvombo zvikuru, zvombo, masisitimu ekudzora moto, injini, kutapurirana uye mateki. Maererano nechibvumirano ichi, imwe shanduro itsva yeLeopard tank yakagadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwehull uye turret iyo yakaparadzana yakawanda-layer armor yakashandiswa, uye imwe itsva yekudzivirira moto yakaiswa. Muna 1976, kuenzanisa miedzo yetangi iyi neAmerican XM1 yakaitwa. Mushure mekunge US yaramba kubvuma Leopard-2 setangi rimwe reNATO, Ministry of Defense yeGermany muna 1977 yakaisa mutemo wekugadzirwa kwe800 michina yerudzi urwu. Seri yekugadzirwa kweLeopard-2 matangi makuru akatanga mugore rimwe chete pamafekitari eKrauss-Maffei (mugadziri mukuru) uye Krupp-Mack Maschinenbau.

Vakabudisa 990 uye 810 yeaya matangi, maererano, ayo akaendeswa kumauto epasi kubva muna 1979 kusvika pakati pe1987, apo Leopard-2 chirongwa chekugadzira cheuto reGermany chakapera. Muna 1988-1990, imwe yero yakawedzerwa yekugadzirwa kwe150 Leopard-2A4 motokari, iyo yaizotsiva matangi eLeopard-1A4 akatengeswa kuTurkey. Ipapo mamwe mayunitsi zana akarairwa - panguva ino chaizvo ekupedzisira. Kubva 100, kugadzirwa kwe "Leopards" kwakamiswa, zvisinei, mota dziripo muuto dziri kuvandudzwa, dzakagadzirirwa nguva kusvika 1990. Inosanganisira kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvombo zvehull uye turret, kuisa tangi ruzivo uye control system, pamwe nekuvandudza zvikamu zvepasi. Panguva ino, German Ground Forces ine 2000 Leopard-2125 matangi, ayo akashongedzerwa nehondo dzose dzetangi.

Leopard main battle tank

Seri sampuli yetangi huru yehondo "Leopard-2A5".

Maitiro ekuita kwetangi huru yehondo "Leopard-2" / "Leopard-2A5"

Kurwisa uremu, т	55,2-62,5
Vashandi, vanhu	4
Dimensions, mm:
kureba nepfuti mberi	9668
Kuwedzera	3700
kureba	2790
clearance	490
Hondo, mm
hull huma	550-700
hull side	100
shure	hapana data
shongwe yehuma	700-1000
parutivi, necheshure kweshongwe	200-250
Armarm:
	anti-projectile 120-mm smoothbore pfuti Rh-120; maviri 7,62 mm pfuti yemuchina
Boek set:
	42 pfuti, 4750 MV kutenderera
Injini	12-cylinder, V-shaped-MB 873 Ka-501, turbocharged, simba 1500 HP pamwe. pa 2600 rpm
Yakananga pasi kumanikidza, kg / cm	0,85
Highway kumhanya km / h	72
Kufamba mumugwagwa mukuru Km	550
Kukurira zvipingamupinyi:
kureba kwemadziro, м	1,10
mugero wakafara, м	3,0
kudzika kwechikepe, м	1,0/1,10