Iwo makuru mabasa uye maitiro epamberi kumiswa kwemota
Kuti chengetedzo yakakura yekutyaira, vagadziri vemotokari vanonyanya kusarudza zvigadziriso zvakazvimirira zvekumisa ekisero yekumberi.
Mugwagwa haumbofa wakatsetseka: magomba, makatsemuka, mabumps, makomba anogara ari shamwari dzevatyairi. Iko kusaenzana kuduku kwaizopindura kune vatasvi, kana pakanga pasina kumira mberi kwemotokari. Pamwe chete neyekumashure damping system, dhizaini inoshanda kuenzanisa zvipingamupinyi zvemugwagwa. Funga nezvezvinhu zvemashini, mabasa, nheyo yekushanda.
Ko kumberi kumiswe kwemota
Mavhiri emotokari akabatana nemuviri kuburikidza nejira rinoshanduka - kumiswa kwemotokari. Iyo yakaoma uye inowirirana seti yezvikamu uye zvikamu zvemuviri zvinobatanidza iyo isina kuvhurika chikamu uye yakabuda misa yemotokari.
Asi iyo michina inoitawo mamwe mabasa:
- inoendesa kumuviri nguva dzakamira uye masimba anobva pakusangana kwemavhiri propellers nemugwagwa;
- inopa mafambiro anodiwa emavhiri ane chekuita nenheyo yekutsigira yemuchina;
- mutoro wekuchengetedzwa kweavo vanofamba nemotokari;
- inogadzira kufamba kwakatsetseka uye nyore kufamba.
Kumhanyisa imamiriro akakosha, asi kufamba mukunyaradza ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha kuti vafambi vave nemotokari. Dambudziko rekufamba munyoro rakagadziriswa kunyange mungoro dzinodhonzwa nebhiza, nekuisa mapiro pasi pezvigaro zvevafambi. Yakadaro yekare kumiswa sisitimu mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzevatakuri yakashandurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana dzekumiswa kwemota kumberi.
Ko kumberi kumiswe kwemota
Ari kupi
Iyo yakaoma yezvikamu chikamu chekisisi. Chigadzirwa chacho chinobatanidza mavhiri epamberi nemagadzirirwo emagetsi emotokari, pasinei nekutyaira. Iyo meshini inobatanidzwa neinofambiswa yakabatana nemavhiri epamberi uye nemuviri (kana furemu).
Inoita nezvei
Zvikamu zvekumisa mune chero chirongwa chemidziyo chakakamurwa kuita mapoka anotevera zvichienderana nekushanda kwavo:
- elastic elements. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvitubu uye zvitubu, zvitubu zvemhepo uye torsion bars, pamwe chete nerabha dampers, hydropneumatic zvishandiso. Iwo mabasa ezvikamu: kudzikisira zvinokanganisa pamuviri, kudzikisira kukwirisa kwakatwasuka, chengetedza kutendeseka kweakaomesesa mounts ye auto kumiswa.
- Kutungamira nzira. Aya ndiwo akareba, anotenderera, maviri uye mamwe marevheti, pamwe nejet rods, iyo inosarudza nzira yekufamba kwemateru ari munzira.
- Kudzima auto components. Zvitubu zvakasungirirwa zvaizozunungusa mota ichikwira nekudzika kwenguva yakareba, asi chinomisikidza chinodzikisira kuremedza kwekudengenyeka.
Miti yakamiswa ine giredhi yakakura. Asi kupatsanurwa kukuru kunoenda zvinoenderana nemudziyo wegwara nzira mumakirasi matatu:
- dependent suspension. Peya yemavhiri ekumberi akabatana zvakasimba kune rimwe nerimwe neakisi imwe. Kana motokari ine vhiri rimwe chete ikawira mugomba, kona yekurerekera kwemateru ose ari maviri maererano nendege yakachinjika inochinja. Izvo zvinopfuudzwa kune vafambi: vanokandwa kubva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa paSUVs nemarori.
- yakazvimirira nzira. Vhiri rimwe nerimwe rekare remota rinosangana nemapundu emumugwagwa riri roga. Paunenge uchirova cobblestone, chitubu cheimwe tai chinotsikirirwa, iyo elastic element kune yakatarisana inotambanudzwa. Uye chikamu chinotakura chemotokari chinochengetedza nzvimbo yakati sandara mumugwagwa.
- mudziyo usina kuzvimiririra. Danda re torsion rinopinzwa mudhizaini, iro rinomonyoroka kana rarova zvipingaidzo. Kubva pakutsamira kwemavhiri propellers kunoderedzwa.
Electromagnetic inogadziriswa, pneumatic uye kumwe kumiswa kwakasiyana ndeyeimwe yeaya marudzi emaitiro.
Iyo inoshanda sei
Kumiswa kwemberi kwemota kunoita kuti matai arambe akabatana nemugwagwa uye chinzvimbo chavo muchadenga. Inotungamirirawo uye inogadzirisa kufamba kwemotokari. Munguva yekutasva, iyo yose yakaoma yezvikamu uye zvikamu zvechigadzirwa zvinobatanidzwa.
Kushanda kweiyo kuturika sisitimu yemota yekumberi-mavhiri (pamwe neyekumashure-vhiri dhiraivha) inotaridzika seizvi:
- Motokari yarova chipingamupinyi. Tai rakabatana nezvimwe zvinosungirirwa rinosvetuka-svetuka. Mukufamba kwakamira, gumbo rinoshandura nzvimbo yetsvimbo, marevhisi, zvibhakera.
- Iyo yakawana simba rekuita rinopihwa kune inoshungurudza absorber. Chitubu pakuzorora chinotsikirirwa mushure mekurova dombo. Uye nokudaro inotora simba rinopfuudzwa kubva kune chassis kune inotakura chikamu chemotokari.
- Kudzvinyirirwa kwechitubu kunokonzeresa kutamiswa kwetsvimbo yekuvhundutsa. Vibrations inoderedzwa nerubber-metal bushings.
- Mushure mekutora kuvhunduka, chitubu, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemuviri, chinotarisana nenzvimbo yayo yepakutanga. Kururamisa, chikamu chinodzokera kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga uye zvimwe zvikamu zvekumiswa.
Mhando dzese dziripo dzezvimiro zvepamberi kumiswa kwemotokari yevafambi vanoita zvakafanana.
Kuvaka chirongwa
Kuti chengetedzo yakakura yekutyaira, vagadziri vemotokari vanonyanya kusarudza zvigadziriso zvakazvimirira zvekumisa ekisero yekumberi.
Sarudzo dzakakurumbira:
- Kaviri lever. Iyo block yezvinhu zvinotungamira ine maviri lever zvishandiso. Muchigadziro ichi, kufamba kwemashure kwemavhiri kunogumira: motokari inowana kugadzikana kwakanaka, uye rubber inopera zvishoma.
- Multi-link. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kufunga uye yakavimbika chirongwa, iyo inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera maneuverability uye kutsetseka. Multi-links anoshandiswa pamotokari dzepakati nepamusoro pemitengo yemhando.
- McPherson. Tekinoroji, isingadhuri, iri nyore kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza, iyo "swinging kenduru" yakakodzera kumberi-vhiri dhiraivha uye kumashure-mavhiri kutyaira mota. Iyo yekuvhundutsa inopinza pano inosungirirwa kune simba furemu neiyo elastic hinge. Chikamu chinozununguka kana motokari ichifamba, saka zita risingazivikanwi rekumiswa.
Scheme yeMacPherson struts mumufananidzo:
MacPherson struts chirongwa
