Zvimiro zvekumiswa kwerori, mhando

Hunhu hwakakosha hwemarori kuvimbika kwekukwira uye kugadzikana. Nhasi, magadzirirwo akabatanidzwa ane basa rekupa maitiro akadaro emuchina. Semuenzaniso, kuturika kwemhepo kwakapararira muEurope. Kubatsira kwechigadzirwa chakadaro zvinhu zvisingadhuri zvinovimbisa kufamba kwakanaka.

Kumiswa kwemotokari chikamu chakakosha cheiyo suspension system. Kana isu tichitaura nezve mota dzinorema, saka izvo zvinodikanwa zvekugadzirwa kwechimiro chakakwira zvakanyanya pane zvevafambi mota. Kumiswa kwemashizha kwerori chirongwa chakajairika uye chakakurumbira chinopa kugadzikana uye kufamba kwakatsetseka.

Dhizaini maficha ekumiswa kwemarori

Kumiswa ndiko kubatana pakati pemutumbi wemotokari nemugwagwa. Iyo dhizaini inotora maitiro mumasekonzi ekutanga ekufamba kwemota munzira.

Suspension features:

• vibration damping;
• kutonga pamusoro pemupumburu kana kuzunungusa kwemuchina;
• kudzivirira mvura;
• kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemuchina panguva yekufambisa.

Rori, kusiyana nemotokari dzinotakura vanhu, dzakanangidzirwa pakutakura mitoro inorema. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa zvechimiro chakamiswa zvinotora ichi pfuma pakutanga. Dunhu remudziyo wakadaro rakagadzirirwa kutarisana nemutoro uye kuderedza vibrations paunenge uchityaira mumigwagwa ine dambudziko.

Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zveiyo system

Kumiswa kweshizha kwerori dhizaini inosanganisira kuderera kwakawanda uye zvisungo:

• Details inopa elasticity. Ivo vane basa rekupfavisa kuvhunduka kana kuvhunduka, kunyorovesa vibrations.
• Nhungamiro zvinhu. Marevhisi kana matanda ane basa rekugadzirisa nzvimbo yemavhiri paunenge uchityaira munzira yakatwasuka kana pakona.
• kudzikamisa zvinhu. Dzivirira roll, gadzirisa chiyero pakati pemavhiri ekisi.
• Zvinhu zvinotsigira uye fasteners. Iyo yakaoma yemaitiro ane basa rekugovera mutoro uye kugadzira tsigiro yevhiri rega rega.

Pamarori, zvinomisikidzwa zvinogara zvichiiswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mavhiri ari mberi kana kumashure anobatana.

Mhando dzekumiswa kwerori

Kumiswa kwemarori kunouya nema transverse kana longitudinal springs. Mukuwedzera, hydraulic shock absorbers yakaiswa pasi. Pamusoro pemarori, kumiswa kwakadaro kunowanikwa muSUVs. Aya ndiwo akareruka uye akareruka zvimiro zvinoderedza huremu hwese hwemotokari, iyo inonyanya kudiwa pakushongedza macrossover emaguta.

Mhando dzekumiswa kwerori

Spring suspensions yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika, asi ine drawback. Izvo hazvina basa sechinhu chinotungamira, sezvo ivo vanoderedza kudzoreka kwemotokari.

Ainoita

Kumiswa kunokonzeresa kushandura simba rekuita kana vhiri rasangana nepamusoro pemugwagwa. Kuvhunduka kunopfaviswa nekuda kwekushanda kwe elastic elements. Iro ibasa remashock absorbers anobatsira kudzikamisa mavibrations. Somugumisiro, kufamba kwemotokari kunova kwakatsetseka.

Mhando dzekumiswa kwerori

Marori akashongedzerwa nema suspensions ayo ane basa rekugovera zvakare mutoro wekunze uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwekugadzikana paunenge uchityaira. Kune marudzi akawanda ezvivakwa.

Nemhando yekubatanidza mune wheelset

Chimiro ichi chinoreva kutsamira kana kuzvimirira kwemavhiri kubva kune rimwe nerimwe. Zvivakwa zvinotsamira zvinonyanya kuiswa pamarori. Zvinhu zvakadaro zvaionekwa mungoro. Zvitubu zvemazuva ano zvakagadziridzwa zvakawanda uye zvave zvakachengeteka uye zvakasununguka.

Mumagadzirirwo akazvimiririra, mavhiri anofamba zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe. Kana mumwe asangana nechipingamupinyi, anosimuka achitevedza gwara rakapihwa. Gumbo rechipiri panguva ino rinochengetedza traction nepamusoro pemugwagwa. Kumiswa kwakadaro kunonyanya kudiwa pamotokari dzinotakura vanhu, sezvo dzichikubvumidza kuti uchengetedze kubata kwakanaka uye kufambisa.

Rori

Chinangwa cherori kutakura zvinhu zvinorema. Ndicho chikonzero kugadzikana kwemavhiri mana kunonyanya kukosha kune mutyairi, uye kwete maneuverability yemotokari painokona.

Nemhando ye elastic elements

Kumiswa kwerori kunosiyaniswa nerudzi rwe elastic element inoshandiswa mukati mechimiro:

• Springs. Yakagadzirwa pakatanga indasitiri yemotokari. Muchokwadi, aya ndiwo akadzama muchimiro chehafu ellipse yemarata esimbi akaiswa pamusoro peumwe neumwe. Migumo yezvitubu yakanamatira pamuviri. Rimwe remabasa makuru nderekuve nechokwadi chekubvumidzwa kwevhu kwakaringana. Zvitubu zvinopfeka-kusagadzikana uye hazvina kuzvikudza panguva yekushanda.
• Springs. Aya ndiwo mashock absorbers ane dhizaini yakasimbiswa. Chinokosha chebasa ndechekudzivirira kuderera kwemuviri paunenge uchityaira. Apo motokari inorova chipingamupinyi, chitubu chinomanikidzika, uye ipapo, nokukurumidza kutwasanudza, chinoderedza kudedera kubva mumugwagwa.
• Torsion mbariro. Muchinjikwa-sectioned simbi tsvimbo dzinopa unidirectional twisting panguva yekurodha mota. Kuiswa kwema torsion bars pane zvimwe zvikamu zvepazasi kunodzvanya kuzununguka uye kunoderedza vibrate inouya kumuviri kubva munzvimbo dzisina kuenzana dzemigwagwa. Izvo zvinozoita kuti mushini ushande zvakanaka.

Kubva pane iyo elastic element yakaiswa mukumiswa, zvinokwanisika kuona iyo inokwana mutengo wekugadzirisa muchiitiko chekusashanda. Torsion mabara anoonekwa seanodhura zvakanyanya kuchengetedza nekuda kwekuoma kwekugadzirwa. Zvitubu uye zvitubu zvemashizha zviri nyore kugadzira, izvo zvinokanganisa mutengo wavo uye kuchengetedza.

Kumiswa kushanda

Kushanda kwakakodzera kwekumiswa kwerori kunokanganisa hupenyu hwebasa reyuniti uye mota yese. Ndiyo elastic element yerori inosangana nemitoro yakasimba. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinosakara nekukurumidza, saka ongororo yehunyanzvi inofanirwa kuitwa isati yabhururuka imwe neimwe. Izvi zvinoshanda kune ese ari maviri torsion bar uye mashizha matsutso kumiswa.

Nzira yekusarudza kumira kwerori

Hunhu hwakakosha hwemarori kuvimbika kwekukwira uye kugadzikana. Nhasi, magadzirirwo akabatanidzwa ane basa rekupa maitiro akadaro emuchina. Semuenzaniso, kuturika kwemhepo kwakapararira muEurope. Kubatsira kwechigadzirwa chakadaro zvinhu zvisingadhuri zvinovimbisa kufamba kwakanaka.

Nzvimbo dzekutungamira dzinogarwa nezvimiro zvechirimo. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamarori emazuva ano: anoshandiswa kushongedza mainline matirakita, midziyo yekuvaka, uye mota dzemauto.

Torsion mabara akaiswa pamwe chete nezvitubu zvemhepo. Madhizaini akafanana akajairwa kuJapan kana Korean automaker.

Verenga zvakare: Steering rack damper - chinangwa uye kumisikidza mitemo

Marori emitambo uye akakosha chinangwa mota ane hydropneumatic struts. Iyo dhizaini ndeye inoshanda yekukatyamadza inobatisa iyo inotarisana nemitoro inorema uye inonyorovesa mavibrations akasimba. Kumiswa kweHydropneumatic kwemarori kwakazviratidza zvakanaka mumigwagwa yeRussia: izvi zvinosimbiswa nemuenzaniso weKAMAZ 4911, iyo yakave yakahwina akawanda ematanho ekurwisa-rally.

Kuturika kweshizha kwerori kunoramba kuri iyo yakajairika mhando ye elastic element. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nesimba uye kuvimbika kwekugadzira. Zvitubu zvinoshanda kwenguva yakareba pasina kurasikirwa kwehutano uye hazvidi kugadzirisa kwakaoma.