Chitsuwa hachisi hacho rudo
Mishumo inobva mumarabhoritari ari kuedza kutsanangura zviri mukati meuropi hwomunhu zvechokwadi iri kunetsa vakawanda. Kunyatsotarisa maitiro aya, iwe uchadzikama zvishoma.
Muna 2013, masayendisiti echiJapan kubva kuYunivhesiti yeKyoto akabudirira nekurongeka kwe60% "verenga zviroto »nekunyora mamwe masaini pakutanga kwekurara. Masayendisiti akashandisa magnetic resonance imaging kutarisa zvidzidzo. Vakavaka dhatabhesi nekuisa zvinhu mumapoka makuru ekuona. Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekuedza, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuziva mifananidzo iyo vazvipiri vakaona muzviroto zvavo.
Activation yenzvimbo dzehuropi panguva yeMRI scanning
Muna 2014, boka revatsvakurudzi kubva kuYale University, inotungamirirwa naAlan S. Cowen, chaizvo. akagadzirazve mifananidzo yezviso zvevanhu, zvichibva pane zvinyorwa zveuropi zvakagadzirwa kubva kune vakapindura mukupindura kumifananidzo yakaratidzwa. Vatsvakurudzi vakabva varonga chiitiko chepfungwa chevatori vechikamu ndokubva vagadzira raibhurari yezvinyorwa zvemhinduro dzezvidzidzo kune vanhu.
Mugore rimwe chetero, Millennium Magnetic Technologies (MMT) yakava kambani yekutanga kupa sevhisi "kurekodha pfungwa ». Kushandisa zvedu, patented, inonzi. , MMT inozivisa maitiro ekuziva anoenderana nebasa rehuropi hwemurwere uye maitiro ekufunga. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandisa inoshanda magineti resonance imaging (fMRI) uye biometric vhidhiyo kuongororwa kuona zviso, zvinhu, uye kunyange kuona chokwadi nenhema.
Muna 2016, neuroscientist Alexander Huth weYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kuBerkeley nechikwata chake vakagadzira "semantic atlas" ye. kutsanangura pfungwa dzevanhu. Hurongwa hwakabatsira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuona nzvimbo dziri muuropi dzinoenderana nemashoko ane zvirevo zvakafanana. Vatsvagiri vakaita chidzidzo ichi vachishandisa fMRI, uye vatori vechikamu vakateerera kutepfenyura vachitaura nyaya dzakasiyana panguva yekuongororwa. Functional MRI yakaratidza kuchinja kusinganzwisisike mukuyerera kweropa muuropi nekuyera basa retsinga. Kuedza kwakaratidza kuti chikamu chimwe muzvitatu checerebral cortex chaibatanidzwa mumitauro.
Kwapera gore, muna 2017, masayendisiti kuCarnegie Mellon University (CMU), inotungamirwa naMarcel Just, yakagadziridzwa. nzira yekuziva pfungwa dzakaomasemuenzaniso, "chapupu chakaridza mhere panguva yekutongwa." Masayendisiti akashandisa muchina kudzidza algorithms uye huropi imaging tekinoroji kuratidza nzira dzakasiyana dzehuropi dzakabatanidzwa mukuvaka pfungwa dzakafanana.
Muna 2017, vaongorori vePurdue University vakashandisa kuverenga kwepfungwa Artificial Intelligence. Vakaisa boka rezvidzidzo pamushini wefMRI, uyo akaongorora huropi hwavo uye akatarisa mavhidhiyo emhuka, vanhu, uye zviitiko zvakasikwa. Rudzi urwu rwechirongwa rwaive nekuwana data nguva dzose. Ikoku kwakabetsera kudzidza kwake, uye somuuyo, akadzidza kuziva mifungo, miitiro yomuitiro wouropi nokuda kwemifananidzo chaiyo. Vatsvakurudzi vakaunganidza maawa 11,5 e data yefMRI.
Muna Ndira wegore rino, Scientific Reports yakaburitsa mhedzisiro yeongororo yakaitwa naNima Mesgarani weColumbia University muNew York, iyo yakadzokorora maitiro ehuropi - panguva ino kwete zviroto, mazwi nemifananidzo, asi. akanzwa manzwi. Iyo data yakaunganidzwa yakacheneswa uye yakarongwa neyakagadzirwa njere algorithms inotevedzera iyo neural chimiro chehuropi.
Kukoshera kunongova fungidziro uye nhamba
Nhevedzano iri pamusoro apa yemishumo yokufambira mberi kunotevedzana kwemitoo yokurava ndangariro inonzwika senhambo yebudiriro. Zvisinei, kubudirira neuroformation nzira kurwisana nezvinetso zvakakura uye ganhuriro dzinoita kuti tikurumidze kurega kufunga kuti dzava pedyo nokudzikunda.
Chokutanga pane zvose, kugadzira mepu yehuropi chinjo nzira refu uye inodhura. "Vaverengi vezviroto" vechiJapan vambotaurwa vaida mazana maviri ekuedzwa kwemakwikwi pamunhu anenge atora chidzidzo. Chechipiri, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, mishumo yekubudirira mu "kuverenga pfungwa" yakanyanyisa uye inotsausa vanhu, nokuti nyaya yacho yakanyanya kuoma uye haitaridzi sezvainoratidzwa munhau.
Russell Poldrack, Stanford neuroscientist uye munyori weThe New Mind Readers, iye zvino ndiye mumwe wevanoshoropodza zvakanyanya masaisai enhau yekufarira neuroimaging. Anonyora zvakajeka kuti chiitiko munzvimbo yakapihwa yehuropi hachitiudzi izvo munhu ari kunyanya kusangana nazvo.
Sezvinoratidzwa naPoldrack, nzira yakanakisa yekuona huropi hwemunhu huchiita, kana fMRI, yakarurama nzira isina kunanga nekuyera basa remaneuroni, sezvainoyera kuyerera kweropa, kwete tsinga pachadzo. Iyo inoguma data yakanyanya kuoma uye inoda basa rakawanda kuti ishandure mumhedzisiro inogona kureva chimwe chinhu kune anoona kunze. wo hapana generic templates -Uropi hwemunhu hwega hwega hwakasiyana zvishoma uye chimiro chakasiyana chereferensi chinofanira kugadzirwa kune yega yega. Statistical data analysis inoramba yakaoma, uye kwave nekukakavadzana kwakawanda munyika yefMRI nyanzvi nezve mashandisirwo e data, kududzirwa, uye nekukanganisa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero miedzo yakawanda ichidiwa.
Chidzidzo ichi ndechekuona zvinorehwa nekuita kwenzvimbo chaidzo. Semuenzaniso, kune nzvimbo yehuropi inonzi "ventral striatum". Inoshanda kana munhu awana mubairo wakaita semari, chikafu, zviwitsi, kana zvinodhaka. Dai mubairo uri iwo chete chinhu chakaita kuti nzvimbo iyi ishande, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti ndeipi kukurudzira kwakashanda uye nemhedzisiro. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, sezvatinoyeuchidzwa naPoldrak, hapana chikamu cheuropi chinogona kusanganiswa zvakasiyana nedzimwe mamiriro epfungwa. Saka, zvichibva pamubato uri munzvimbo yakati, hazvibviri kugumisa kuti mumwe munhu ari kusangana nazvo chaizvoizvo. Mumwe haagoni kunyange kutaura kuti sezvo "tinoona kuwedzera kwebasa muchitsuwa cheuropi (chitsuwa), saka munhu anocherechedzwa anofanira kuwana rudo.
Maererano nemutsvakurudzi, kududzirwa kwakarurama kwezvidzidzo zvose zviri kuongororwa kunofanira kuva chirevo: "takaita X, uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzera basa rechitsuwa." Ehe, isu tine kudzokorora, maturusi ezviverengero uye muchina kudzidza kwatiinawo kuyera hukama hwechinhu chimwe kune chimwe, asi ivo vanogona kunyanya kutaura, semuenzaniso, kuti ari kusangana nenyika X.
"Nekururama kwepamusoro, ndinogona kuziva mufananidzo wekati kana imba mupfungwa dzeumwe munhu, asi chero pfungwa dzakaoma uye dzinofadza hazvigoni kutsanangurwa," Russell Poldrack anosiya pasina fungidziro. "Zvisinei, rangarira kuti kumakambani, kunyangwe kuvandudzwa kwe1% mumhinduro yekushambadzira kunogona kureva purofiti yakakura. Nokudaro, nzira haifaniri kuva yakakwana kuti ibatsire kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekuona, kunyange isu tisingatombozivi kuti bhenefiti ingave yakakura sei.
Zvechokwadi, kufunga pamusoro apa hakushandi. Hunhu nemutemo zvinhu neuroimaging nzira. Nyika yemafungiro evanhu pamwe inzvimbo yakadzika yehupenyu hwepachivande yatingafungidzira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvakanaka kutaura kuti maturusi ekuverenga pfungwa achiri kure nekukwana.
Kuongorora basa rehuropi paPurdue University:
