Kubva pawiricheya kuenda kune roadster, nyika inonakidza yemotokari dzemagetsi!

Hapana kutiza kubva kumotokari yemagetsi. Zvose zvakabudirira zvemakore mashanu apfuura hazvitibvumiri kutora mhedziso yakasiyana: motokari dzemagetsi dziri munzira, uye haigoni kumira. Tichakuratidza kuti ungazvigadzirira sei!

Kubva kumwana anodiwa kusvika kune dambudziko

Apo motokari yakanga yagadzirira kugadzirwa kwakawanda makore anenge 100 apfuura, zvaireva chimurenga chaicho. Iye zvino zvinokwanisika kufamba chero kupi, chero nguva uye nemunhu wese. Bhiza kana njanji zvaisakwanisa kukwikwidzana nekuchinjika kusingaenzaniswi kwemotokari. Kubva ipapo, kufarira motokari hakuna kupera.

Zvisinei, panewo kuipa: motokari inoshandisa mafuta emvura mumhando yedhiziri kana peturu, zvose zviri zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum . Mafuta anopiswa uye anoregedzerwa munzvimbo. Kwenguva refu hapana aiva nebasa nazvo. Iye zvino zvakaoma kufungidzira, mumakumi emakore ekutanga ekushanda kwemotokari, peturu inotungamirirwa yakanga yakajairika. Megatons eiyi muchetura heavy metal akawedzerwa kumafuta uye akaburitswa mumhepo neinjini. Nhasi, nekuda kwe tekinoroji yekuchenesa gasi yemazuva ano, ichi chinhu chekare.

Zvisinei, motokari dzinoramba dzichibudisa muchetura: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, soot particles, particulate matter. uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza zvinopinda mumhoteredzo. Indasitiri yemotokari inoziva izvi - uye iri kuzviita zvisizvo zvachose: Volkswagen dhiziri scandal - humbowo hwekuti makambani haana chido uye ruzivo rwekugadzira mota dzakachena.

Imwe chete nzira ye zero emissions

Imwe chete mhando yemota inotyaira yakachena uye isina emission-isina: motokari yemagetsi . Mota yemagetsi haina injini yekupisa mukati uye nekudaro haiburitse muchetura. Motokari dzemagetsi dzine nhamba zvimwe zvakanakira zvichienzaniswa neinjini dzinopisa dzemukati, а также zvimwe zvikanganiso .

Matanho ekufambisa magetsi ave aripo kubva pakutanga. Kunyangwe kusati kwatanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, vagadziri vekutanga vakafunga kuti mota yemagetsi ndiyo ramangwana reiyo indasitiri diki yemotokari. Zvisinei, injini yemoto yemukati yakatonga, kunyange zvazvo motokari dzemagetsi dzisina kumbonyangarika. Dambudziko ravo guru raive bhatiri. Mabhatiri ekutungamira, iwo ega aivepo kwemakumi emakore akati wandei, aive akanyanya kurema pakufamba kwemagetsi. Mukuwedzera, kukwanisa kwavo kwakanga kusina kukwana kuvashandisa mune zvemari. Kwenguva yakareba, nyika yemotokari dzemagetsi yakanga isina kukwana ngoro dzegorofu, scooters uye mini mota .

Lithium-ion mabhatiri rakava budiriro. Aya ma-ultra-compact drives akatanga kugadzirirwa mbozhanhare nemalaptops uye munguva pfupi akakunda nyika yebhatiri. Vakanga vafa nickel cadmium mabhatiri : ipfupi yekuchaja nguva, yakakwira zvakanyanya uye, kunyanya, hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro kana kufa kwebhatiri nekuda kwekuyerera kwakadzika kwaive kwakakosha kwakanakira lithium-ion tekinoroji. . Mumwe mudiki bhirioni kubva kuCalifornia akauya nezano rekuchinja serily mabhatiri mapaketi uye oaisa mumotokari yemagetsi. Tesla zvirokwazvo piyona mune lithium-ion mota dzemagetsi.

Break point: Buda

Hapana kupokana: mazuva einjini inopisa yemukati inonhuwa ine simba rayo shoma anoverengwa. Injini dzepeturu nedhiziri dzakafa, havasati vazviziva. Mumamiriro erabhoritari, injini dzemafuta dzinosvika makumi mana muzana . Diesel inowana zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana, asi zvinorevei chaizvo?

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange injini idling iri pasi pemamiriro epamusoro uye kumhanya kwakaringana inorasikirwa 57-60% simba rayo kuburikidza nemwaranzi inopisa.

Kubudirira injini yemukati yekupisa worse mumota. Kudziya inofanira kugara ichibviswa kubva injini . By default, izvi zvinoitwa nemvura inotonhorera system. Iyo yekutonhodza system uye inotonhorera inowedzera huremu hwakakosha kumotokari. Pakupedzisira, injini dzinopisa dzemukati hadziwanzo mhanya nekumhanya kwakanyanya - zvakapesana. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, motokari inenge ichimhanya zvakanyanya kana kuti yakanyanyisa kumhanya. Zvinoreva kuti kana motokari ichidya 10 litres emafuta pa100 km, chete marita 3,5 anodyiwa pakufamba. . Marita matanhatu nehafu emafuta anoshandurwa kuita kupisa uye anovhenekerwa mumhoteredzo.

Kune rumwe rutivi, magetsi emagetsi vane kupisa kwakanyanya kuderera. Simba remagetsi emagetsi rinowanzoitwa 74% mumamiriro erabhoritari uye kazhinji hazvidi kuwedzera kutonhora kwemvura. Magetsi emagetsi ane zvirinani kukwirisa kupfuura mukati memoto injini. Optimal rpm iri nani mumotokari dzemagetsi pane peturu nedhiziri. Mumunda wesimba, mota yemagetsi yakakwirira kwazvo kune yakajairwa mukati memoto injini.

Shanduko tekinoroji: yakasanganiswa

Hybrid mota hachisi chinhu chitsva. Muna 1920, Ferdinand Porsche akaedza nepfungwa iyi yekutyaira. Nekudaro, panguva iyoyo uye mumakumi emakore akatevera, hapana anoita seakatenda mabhenefiti eiyi mapatya-injini pfungwa.
Motokari yakasanganiswa imotokari ine injini mbiri: injini yekupisa yemukati uye mota yemagetsi. . Pane misiyano yakakura mukuti ese ari maviri madhiraivha anopindirana sei.

С Prius Toyota akaita kuti hybrid iwanikwe kuvanhu vazhinji. Mota yemagetsi uye injini yekupisa yemukati inowirirana mudhiraivha yavo. Mutyairi anogona kuchinja kubva pamafuta kuenda kumagetsi chero nguva. Ichi chirongwa chiri kutoratidza zvakawanda zvinobatsira: kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, kutyaira kwakanyarara uye mufananidzo wakachena ndizvo zvainyanya kukosha kutengesa mahybrids. .

Pfungwa yepakutanga yakazvara misiyano mizhinji : ma plug-in mahybrids anokutendera kuti uchaja bhatiri rako mugaraji rako repamba . Inonakidza kwazvo mota dzemagetsi dzine anonzi " power reserve extension ". Idzi imotokari dzemagetsi chete dzine injini diki yemoto mukati mebhodhi iyo inochaja bhatiri uchityaira nerubatsiro rwejenareta. Ne tekinoroji iyi, kufamba kwakachena kwemagetsi kunova pedyo zvakanyanya. Mota dzeHybrid dzinofanirwa kuoneka senge tekinoroji yekuchinja pakati peinjini dzinopisa mukati uye mota dzemagetsi. Mushure mezvose, motokari dzemagetsi inguva yemberi.

Parizvino Inowanikwa

Kufamba kwemagetsi ndiko kwekutanga uye kwekutanga kutarisisa kwekutsvagisa nekusimudzira pamatekinoroji ane chekuita netraffic. Kunze kwaizvozvo Mapiyona eAmerica , kudzvinyirirwa kukuru pamusika kwakaitwa ChiChinese. Nechekare, vatatu vevane gumi vakanyanya kubudirira vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi vanobva kuMiddle Kingdom. Kana wedzera Nissan и Toyota , VekuAsia parizvino vane hafu yemusika wepasi rose wemotokari dzemagetsi. Kunyangwe Tesla achiri mutungamiri wemusika, zvechivanhu zvinonetsa senge BMW и Volkswagen , zvirokwazvo ndichamubata. Iyo inowanikwa spectrum yakakura. Kubva kumota dzemagetsi emagetsi, kune mota yemunhu wese.

Parizvino, mota dzemagetsi dzichiri kutambura kubva kune zvipingamupinyi zvitatu zvikuru: nhanho pfupi, mapoinzi mashoma ekuchaja, uye nguva refu yekuchaja. . Asi, sezvakambotaurwa: tsvakiridzo nebudiriro inoenderera mberi .

Kusarudza nguva yakakodzera

Kurudziro yekufamba kwemagetsi iripo pasi rose. Iyo inonzi Plug-in Car Grant chirongwa muUK yakawedzerwa kusvika 2018. Zvichaitika mberi hazvisati zvanyatsojeka. Hybrid mota kunyanya plug-in mahybrids , kazhinji ine madiki emukati emoto injini, ayo anopa zvakakosha mutero zvakanakira.
Sarudzo yemotokari dzemagetsi chete iri kuramba ichikura. Zvizvarwa zvichangoburwa zvichawanikwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera gorofu , Polo и Smart, kushanda chete pamagetsi.
Musika wezvino uno unonakidza uye uchikura sezvatinotaura. Kubva zvakachipa chaizvo Muenzaniso 3 , TESLAzvakare akasimbisa chimiro chake sapiyona. Inotengesa, inoshanda uye inonakidza mota dzemagetsi dzichakurumidza kuwanikwa kubva kune vese vanogadzira.

Musika weEV uchiri kutaridzika kuyedza. Inonetsa uye inodhura BMW i3 и zvinoshamisa uye zvinopenya Renault Twizzy mienzaniso miviri chaiyo. Zvisinei, mumakore mashomanana, motokari dzemagetsi dzichava dzakajairika sezvadzinokwanisika.

Kufamba kwemagetsi uye classical

Vacheri vanotsamwiswa nemumwezve inonakidza kwazvo maitiro mu electromobility: makambani akawanda uye akawanda anopa kushandura mota kubva mukati memoto injini kuenda kumagetsi . Company DANA yave ichiita kwenguva yakati hurukuro yePorsche modhi . Iyo module iri kuramba ichichipa uye ichichinjika, iyo inokutendera iwe kuita mapurojekiti anonakidza: kutyaira mota dzemagetsi pamotokari dzemhando yepamusoro . Nakidzwa nemabhenefiti emotokari yemagetsi mune runako Jaguar E-mhando haisisiri kurota, uye ikozvino inogona kurairwa - pamberi pemari.