Kumiswa kwepamberi kwemotokari - mhando dzayo, zvakanakira nekuipira.
Vatyairi vanowanzoziva rudzi rweinjini yavanayo pasi pehodhi. Asi kashoma kuti vazive kuti mota yavo ine suspension rudzii, sepaekisero yekumberi.
Kune mhando mbiri dzekumisa: kutsamira, kuzvimiririra. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mavhiri emotokari anopindirana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti dzakabatanidzwa kune imwechete chinhu. Mukumiswa kwakazvimirira, gumbo rega rega rinosungirirwa kune zvikamu zvakasiyana.
Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, hapana chinombomira chinomira pane ekisero yekumberi. Zvisinei, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemashure emashure emamwe maSUV. Nekudaro, kumiswa kwakazvimirira kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye kunowedzera kukudziridzwa.
Kune zvakare yechitatu rudzi rwekumiswa - semi-inotsamira, umo mavhiri ari paakisi yakapihwa anongodyidzana zvishoma kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvisinei, mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzinobudiswa nhasi, mhinduro yakadaro mukumiswa kwepamberi haipo zvachose.
McPherson columns
Iyo yakajairika kumberi kumiswa dhizaini ndeye MacPherson strut. Muvambi wavo aive injiniya wekuAmerica Earl Steel MacPherson, aishandira General Motors. Nguva pfupi mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, akapa patent yeChevrolet Kadet yekumisa kumberi modhi. Chivako ichi chakazotumidzwa zita rake.
Vatauri veMacPherson vane compact, kunyange compact dhizaini. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanonyanya kushanda, ndicho chikonzero ivo ndivo vanonyanya kugadziriswa pamberi pekumiswa kwekugadzira.
Mune mhinduro iyi, chitubu chakasungirirwa pane chinotyisa, uye mumusangano wakadaro vanoumba chinhu chakagadziriswa. Iyo damper inoshanda pano kwete chete sea vibration damper. Inotungamirawo vhiri nekubatanidza pamusoro pechidhiraivho (chikamu chekumiswa) kumuviri. Chinhu chose chinoitwa nenzira yekuti chinokatyamadza chinogona kutenderedza akisi yayo.
Verenga zvakare Shock absorbers - sei uye nei uchifanira kuvatarisira. Guide
Iyo yakaderera chikamu chekutungamira knuckle, pane zvinopesana, yakabatana kune yakachinjika muchinjikwa ruoko, iyo inoshanda sechinhu chinotungamira, i.e. ine simba guru pamaitiro emotokari painokona.
Kune akawanda mabhenefiti ekushandisa MacPherson struts. Pamusoro pekuve compact uye kureruka, dhizaini iyi zvakare inoshanda zvakanyanya. Iyo zvakare inovimbisa kugadzikana kwebhureki uye parallel steering kunyangwe yakakura kumiswa kufamba. Yakachipa zvakare kugadzira.
Panewo zvazvakaipira. Iyo inonyanya kukanganisa ndeyekutapurirana kweakakosha vibrations kubva pasi uye kugogodza kubva kune inotungamira system. MacPherson struts zvakare inodzikamisa kushandiswa kwematairi akafara. Mukuwedzera, havabvumiri mavhiri asina kuenzana, iyo lateral runout iyo isingafadzi inonzwa mu cabin. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vane chimiro chakapfava, chinokonzeresa kukuvara kana chichishandiswa pane yakaderera-mhando yepamusoro.
Kumiswa kwakawanda-kwakawanda
Yechipiri uye yakajairika mhando yekumisikidza pane ekisero yekumberi ndeye multi-link kumiswa. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro, uko kusimbiswa kuri pakutyaira kunyaradza.
Sezvinoreva zita, kumiswa kwe-multi-link kunosanganisira kusanganiswa kwemaoko ekumisa: kureba, kuchinjika, kurerekera uye tsvimbo.
Nheyo yekugadzirwa kunowanzo kushandiswa kweruoko rwezasi runotevera uye matanda maviri akachinjika. Mushonga wekuvhundutsa une chitubu wakasungirirwa paruwoko rwepasi. Mukuwedzera, chikwata ichi chinewo chepamusoro chishuvo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuona kuti zvigunwe uye camber angles zvinoshanduka zvishoma sezvinobvira pasi pesimba rekuchinja mumutoro wemotokari uye kufamba kwayo.
Onawo kumiswa kwecoilover. Inopa chii uye inoita marii? Guide
Multi-link suspensions ine yakanaka kwazvo paramita. Inopa zvose kutyaira chaiyo uye yakakwirira kutyaira kunyaradza. Iyo zvakare inobvisa zvinobudirira iyo inonzi mota dive.
Zvisinei, kukanganisa kukuru kwerudzi urwu rwekumiswa kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwayo kwakaoma uye kugadzirisa kunotevera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mhinduro dzakadaro dzinowanzowanikwa mumhando dzemotokari dzinodhura.
Maonero emakanika
Shimon Ratsevich kubva kuTricity:
- Kana tikaenzanisa MacPherson struts uye akawanda-link kumiswa, saka yekupedzisira mhinduro iri nani. Asi sezvo ine nhamba huru yezvikamu zvinoshanda pamwe chete, zvinodhura kugadzirisa. Nokudaro, kunyange kutadza kuduku kwegadziriro iyi kunofanira kukurumidza kuongororwa uye kubviswa. Kutadza kutevedzera izvi kunowedzera kukonzeresa cheni, nekuti, semuenzaniso, chigunwe che rocker chakasakara chinozopedzisira chatungamira mukutadza kweruwoko rwerock, izvo zvinowedzera kutyaira kunyaradza uye kuchengeteka, uye kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa. Zvechokwadi, pakushanda motokari, zvakaoma kutenderera makomba ose mumugwagwa kana zvimwe zvisiri izvo. Asi kana zvichiita, edza kungwarira kusaremedza kuturika zvisina basa. Semuyenzaniso, ngatinyatso tyaira tichipfuura neanonzi mapurisa ekunyepa. Ndinowanzoona vatyairi vakawanda vachikunda zvipingamupinyi izvi zvisina hanya.
Wojciech Frölichowski
