Kushandura giya pane makanika

Sezvaungave uchiziva, iyo bhuku rekufambisa richiri imwe yemhando dzakajairika dzekutumira. Vazhinji varidzi vemotokari vanosarudza bhokisi rakadaro kune akasiyana marudzi e otomatiki transmissions nekuda kwekuvimbika kwayo, nyore kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa, uye kugona kutyaira mota zvizere.

Kana vari vanotanga, dambudziko chete kune vatyairi vekutanga ndiko kuoma kwekudzidza kutyaira mota ine manyorero ekufambisa. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kufambisa kwemagetsi kunoreva kubatanidzwa kwakananga kwemutyairi (magiya anoshandurwa nemaoko).

Uye zvakare, mutyairi anosungirwa kugara achidzvinyirira clutch paanenge achityaira kuti asarudze zvakanaka giya raunoda, achifunga nezve mitoro iri mukati meinjini yekupisa, kumhanya kwemotokari, mamiriro emugwagwa, kufambisa kwemanyorero, nezvimwe.

Maitiro ekuchinja magiya pane mechanics: kutyaira mota ine manual transmission

Naizvozvo, kana uchityaira mota ine manyorero ekufambisa, iwe unofanirwa kubata iyo nheyo yekuchinja giya. Chekutanga pane zvese, kana uchisimudzira kumusoro kana pasi giya, pamwe nekusarerekera, zvakakosha kudzvinyirira clutch.

Nemashoko akareruka, iyo clutch uye giya bhokisi zvine hukama padhuze, sekubvisa clutch kunobvumira injini negiya bhokisi "kubviswa" kuti rifambe zvakanaka kubva kune rimwe giya kuenda kune rinotevera.

Kana iri iyo gearshift process pachayo, isu tinobva tangoona kuti kune akasiyana maitiro (kusanganisira emitambo), asi iyo yakajairika chirongwa ndeye clutch kuburitswa, giya rekuchinja, mushure meizvozvo mutyairi anoburitsa clutch.

Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti kana clutch yakaora mwoyo, kureva, kana kuchinja magiya, pane kukanganisa mukuyerera kwesimba kubva kune injini kusvika kumavhiri ekufambisa. Motokari panguva iyi inongokunguruka nemhepo. Uyewo, pakusarudza giya, zvakakosha uye zvakakosha kufunga nezvekukurumidza iyo motokari inofamba.

Icho chokwadi ndechekuti nechisarudzo chisina kunaka chegiya regiyo, injini yekumhanyisa inogona "kusimuka" zvakanyanya kana kudonha zvakanyanya. Muchiitiko chechipiri, motokari pamhepo yakaderera inogona kungomira, traction inonyangarika (iyo ine ngozi kana ichipfuura).

Muchiitiko chekutanga, kana gear yakanyanyisa "yakaderera" maererano nekumhanya kwekufamba, kugogodza kwakasimba kunogona kunzwika apo clutch inosunungurwa zvakasimba. Mukufanana, mota ichatanga kushingaira kunonoka (zvinogoneka kunyange kuderera kwakapinza, chiyeuchidzo chekukurumidzira mabhureki), sezvichaitika izvo zvinonzi braking yejini uye gearbox.

Mutoro wakadaro unoparadza zvose clutch uye injini, kutapurirana, zvimwe zvikamu uye magungano emotokari. Mukuona kwezviri pamusoro apa, zviri pachena kuti unofanira kushandura zvakanaka, kunyatsoshanda clutch pedal, sarudza gear yakarurama, uchifunga nezvehuwandu hwezvinhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu, nezvimwewo. kuyerera kwesimba uye kurasikirwa kwekudhonza. Saka rwendo rwacho ruchave rwakanyanya hupfumi maererano nekushandiswa kwemafuta.

Zvino ngationei nguva yekuchinjisa magiya. Semutemo, zvichibva paavhareji zviratidzo (chiyero cheyekumhanyisa renji uye magiya egiya egiya pachawo), kuchinjika kunoonekwa sekwakanakira kune mashanu-kumhanya gearbox:

• giya rekutanga: 0-20 km/h
• Chechipiri giya: 20-40 km/h
• Chechitatu giya: 40-60 km/h
• Yechina giya: 60-80 km/h
• Yechishanu giya: 80 kusvika 100 km/h

Kana iri reverse giya, nyanzvi hadzikurudzire kuedza kuityaira nekumhanya kwazvo, nekuti mune dzimwe nguva mitoro yakakwira inokonzera ruzha uye kutadza kwegiya bhokisi.

Isu tinowedzerawo kuti nhamba dziri pamusoro apa maavhareji, sezvo huwandu hwezvinhu zvega uye mamiriro emigwagwa anofanirwa kuverengerwa. Semuenzaniso, kana mota isina kutakurwa, inofamba munzira yakati sandara, hapana kujeka kwekupokana, saka kushandura zvinoenderana nechirongwa chiri pamusoro zvinogoneka.

Kana iyo motokari inotyairwa nechando, chando, jecha kana kunze kwemugwagwa, motokari iri kukwira kukwidza, kudarika kana kufambisa kunodiwa, ipapo shanduko inofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare (zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo). Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvingave zvakakosha "kusimudzira" injini mugiya rezasi kana upshift kudzivirira vhiri kutenderera, nezvimwe.

Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, kazhinji kutaura, giya rekutanga rinodiwa chete kuti mota itange. Yechipiri inoshandiswa kukwidziridza (kana zvichidikanwa, inoshanda) kusvika 40-60 km / h, yechitatu inokodzera kupfuudza uye kumhanyisa kune kumhanya kwe50-80 km / h, yechina giya ndeyekuchengetedza seti yekumhanyisa uye. kukurumidza kukurumidza kumhanya 80-90 km / h , nepo yechishanu ndiyo yakanyanya "hupfumi" uye inobvumidza iwe kufamba mumugwagwa mukuru nekumhanya kwe90-100 km / h.

Maitiro ekuchinja magiya pane manual transmission

Kuti uchinje gear iwe unoda:

• sunungura iyo accelerator pedal uye panguva imwechete inodzvinyirira clutch pedal kusvika pakumira (iwe unogona kuisvina zvakanyanya);
• ipapo, paunenge wakabata clutch, zvinyoro uye nekukurumidza kudzima giya razvino (kuendesa giya regiya kune yaakarerekera chinzvimbo);
• mushure mekusarerekera chinzvimbo, giya rinotevera (kumusoro kana pasi) rinobva rabatanidzwa;
• iwe unogona zvakare kudzvanya zvishoma accelerator pedal usati wabatidza, kuwedzera zvishoma injini kumhanya (iyo giya inovhura zviri nyore uye zvakajeka), zvinokwanisika kubhadhara zvishoma kurasikirwa kwekumhanya;
• mushure mekushandura giya, clutch inogona kusunungurwa zvachose, asi kudhonza zvakasimba kuchiri kusakurudzirwa;
• ikozvino unogona kuwedzera gasi uye kuenderera mberi nekufamba mugiya rinotevera;

Nenzira, iyo dhizaini yekufambisa inobvumidza iwe kuti usateedzera kuteedzera kwakajeka, ndiko kuti, kumhanya kunogona kuchinjirwa kunze kwekutendeuka. Somuenzaniso, kana motokari ichikwira kusvika 70 km / h mune yechipiri giya, unogona pakarepo kuvhura 4 uye zvichingodaro.

Chinhu chimwe chete chaunofanira kunzwisisa ndechekuti muchiitiko ichi kukurumidza kuchaderera zvakanyanya, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera hakuzove kwakanyanyisa seyechitatu gear. Nokuenzanisa, kana downshift yakabatanidzwa (somuenzaniso, mushure mechishanu, pakarepo yechitatu), uye kumhanya kwakakwirira, ipapo injini inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya.

 Zvekutsvaga kana uchityaira makanika

Sezvo mutemo, pakati pezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika zvevatyairi vekutanga, munhu anogona kusiyanisa matambudziko mukusunungura clutch kana achitanga, pamwe nekusarudza giya risiri iro nemutyairi, achifunga nezvemamwe mamiriro uye kumhanya kwemotokari.

Kazhinji, kune vanotanga, kuchinja kunoitika kamwe kamwe, kunoperekedzwa nejerks uye kugogodza, izvo zvinowanzokonzera kuputsika kwezvikamu zvega uye nyaya yacho pachayo. Izvo zvinoitika kuti injini inotamburawo (somuenzaniso, kutyaira mu5th gear kukwira nekumhanya kwakadzika), "minwe" mumhete yejini uye kugogodza, detonation inotanga.

Hazvisi zvisizvo kuti mutyairi anotanga kudzoreredza injini zvakanyanya mugiya rekutanga obva atyaira mugiya rechipiri kana rechitatu pa60-80 km/h pachinzvimbo chekusimudzira. Mhedzisiro ndeyekunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta, mitoro isingakoshi pane injini yekupisa yemukati uye kutapurirana.

Isu tinowedzerawo kuti kazhinji chikonzero chezvinetso kushanda zvisina kunaka kwe clutch pedal. Semuenzaniso, tsika yekusaisa gearbox mune kwayakarerekera kana uchipaka parobhoti, ndiko kuti, kuchengeta clutch uye brake pedals zvakadzvanywa panguva imwe chete, uku giya richiramba rakabatikana. Iyi tsika inotungamirira kukurumidza kupfeka uye kukundikana kweiyo clutch release bearing.

Mukuwedzera, vamwe vatyairi vanoramba vakatsika tsoka yavo paclutch pedal pavanenge vachityaira, vachitoita kuti iore mwoyo zvishoma nokudaro vachidzora kukweva. Izviwo hazvina kunaka. Nzvimbo yakarurama yerutsoka rworuboshwe pane imwe nzvimbo inokosha pedyo ne clutch pedal. Uyewo, tsika yekuisa tsoka yako pa clutch pedal inotungamirira kuneta, iyo inoderedza kushanda kwekumhanya. Tinocherechedzawo kuti zvakakosha kugadzirisa zvakanaka chigaro chemutyairi kuitira kuti zvive nyore kusvika kune chidhiraivho, pedals uye gear lever.

Chekupedzisira, ndinoda kuwedzera kuti kana uchidzidza mumotokari ine makanika, tachometer inogona kukubatsira kushandura magiya ekufambisa kwemanyorero nenzira kwayo. Mushure mezvose, ne tachometer, iyo inoratidza injini kumhanya, unogona kuona nguva yekuchinja kwegiya.

Kune peturu mukati memoto injini, iyo yakakwana nguva inogona kutariswa nezve 2500-3000 zviuru rpm, uye yeinjini dizeli - 1500-2000 rpm. Mune ramangwana, mutyairi anojaira, nguva yekuchinja inotarirwa nenzeve uye nekunzwa kwemutoro pajini, ndiko kuti, injini inomhanya "inonzwa" intuitively.