Ita-iwe-iwe pachako kupenya kwekombuta yemotokari - kana zvichidikanwa, nhanho-nhanho-mirairo

Iyo software yakatakurwa muchikamu chemagetsi inovimbisa kushanda kwayo, saka zvinoenderana nesoftware kuti inoitwa sei uye kuti ichaita sei.

Kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemotokari nemakombuta kunomanikidza varidzi vemotokari kuti vafambirane nenguva, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinoda kuvheneka patsva komputa yemota pabhodhi kuitira kuti idzorere kushanda kwayo kana kuti ikwanise kuita mamwe mabasa asina kujairika.

Chii chiri pane-bhodhi komputa

Kusvika iye zvino, hapana tsanangudzo yakajeka inogamuchirwa yekombuta ye-on-board (BC, bortovik, carputer), saka, nhamba yezvigadzirwa zve microprocessor (zvishandiso) zvinonzi izwi iri, kureva:

• nzira (MK, minibus), iyo inotarisa maitiro makuru ekushanda, kubva pamakiromita uye kushandiswa kwemafuta, kutarisa nzvimbo yemotokari;
• yemagetsi control unit (ECU) yemamwe mayuniti, semuenzaniso, injini kana otomatiki kutumira;
• sevhisi (serviceman), iyo inowanzova chikamu cheyakanyanya kuomarara sisitimu uye inongoratidza data yakagamuchirwa kubva kuchikamu chikuru chekombuta yekudzora kana kuitisa kuongororwa kwakareruka;
• kudzora - chinhu chikuru cheiyo control system kune ese mayuniti emota dzemazuvano, ayo anosanganisira akati wandei microprocessor michina yakabatana mune imwechete network.

Iwe pachako kana mune yenguva dzose sevhisi yemotokari, unogona kudzokorora (reprogram) chete MK, nekuti kupindira mune software (software, software) yemamwe maturusi inongotungamira kumatambudziko akakomba nemotokari.

Pane-bhodhi komputa

Kuti uise firmware itsva kune mamwe marudzi eBC, haudi chete midziyo yakakosha, asiwo nyanzvi inonyatsoziva zvose zvemagetsi emotokari masisitimu, pamwe nekukwanisa kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa.

Chii chinonzi software

Chero chipi nechipi chemagetsi chigadziro chezvikamu zvakabatana mune imwe nzira, iyo inobvumira kuti iite arithmetic mashandisirwo ari nyore, asi kuti agadzirise mamwe mabasa akaoma, zvakakosha kunyora (kuzadza, kupenya) nzira yakakodzera mavari. Tichatsanangura izvi tichishandisa muenzaniso wekuona kushandiswa kwemafuta.

Injini ECU inobvunzurudza masensa akasiyana-siyana kuti aone maitiro ekushanda kwemotokari uye zvinangwa zvemutyairi, kuisa ruzivo urwu rwese. Zvadaro, ichitevera algorithm yakatemwa mune yayo firmware, inosarudza huwandu hwakakwana hwehuturu yeiyi modhi yekushanda uye inoenderana nguva jekiseni remafuta.

Pamusana pekuti kudzvinyirirwa mumotokari yehuni kunotsigirwa nepombi yemafuta uye kuvhara kwevhavha yekuderedza, iri pazinga rimwechete, pasinei nemaitiro ekushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi. Iko kukosha kwekumanikidza kwakanyorwa mu algorithm yakazadzwa muECU, asi, pane dzimwe mota, iyo control unit inogamuchira masaini kubva kune imwe sensor inotarisa iyi parameter. Basa rakadaro haringogadzirisi kutonga pamusoro pekushanda kwejini inopisa mukati (ICE), asiwo inoona kukanganisa mumutsara wemafuta, ichipa chiratidzo kumutyairi uye ichimukurudzira kuti atarise iyi system.

Kuwanda kweokisijeni inopinda mumasilinda inotarirwa nehukuru hwemhepo inoyerera (DMRV), uye chiyero chakakwana chemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa wemodhi imwe neimwe inonyorwa mu ECU firmware. Ndokunge, mudziyo, uchibva pane data rakawanikwa uye algorithms akasonera mukati mayo, inoda kuverenga iyo yakakwana nguva yekuvhura yemuromo wega wega, uyezve, zvakare, uchishandisa masaini kubva kune akasiyana masensa, tarisa kuti injini yakagadzirisa sei mafuta uye kana. chero parameter inoda kugadziriswa. Kana zvese zvakajairika, saka ECU, ine imwe frequency, inogadzira chiratidzo chedhijitari inotsanangura huwandu hwemafuta anoshandiswa pane imwe neimwe kutenderera.

Misa mweya inoyerera sensor

MK, yagamuchira chiratidzo ichi uye kuunganidza kuverenga kubva pazinga remafuta uye kumhanya ma sensors, inoagadzirisa zvinoenderana nechirongwa chakaiswa kwairi. Mushure mekugamuchira masaini kubva kumota yekumhanyisa sensor, mugadziri wenzira, achishandisa fomura yakakodzera inosanganisirwa mune yayo firmware, inosarudza kushandiswa kwemafuta pachikamu chenguva kana imwe chinhambwe. Mushure mekugamuchira ruzivo kubva kune iyo mafuta level sensor mutangi, iyo MK inosarudza kuti yasara yehuni inosvika papi. Pamotokari zhinji, mutyairi anogona kusarudza yakanyanya nyore nzira yekuratidzira data, mushure meizvozvo maneja wenzira anoshandura ruzivo rwakagadzirira kuburitswa mufomati yakanakira mutyairi, semuenzaniso:

• nhamba yemalita pa100 km;
• nhamba yemakiromita pa1 litre yemafuta (iyi fomati inowanzowanikwa pamotokari dzeJapan);
• kushandiswa kwemafuta munguva chaiyo;
• avhareji yekushandisa kweimwe nguva yenguva kana kureba kumhanya.

Aya mabasa ese ndiwo mhedzisiro ye firmware, ndiko kuti, komputa software. Kana iwe ukadzokorora chishandiso, unogona kuchipa mabasa matsva kana kushandura chimwe chinhu mukuitwa kwekare.

Sei uchida kupenya

Iyo software yakatakurwa muchikamu chemagetsi inovimbisa kushanda kwayo, saka zvinoenderana nesoftware kuti inoitwa sei uye kuti ichaita sei. MuBC yemamodheru echinyakare, nekuda kwemakore mazhinji ekushanda, zvinokwanisika kuburitsa zvakavanzika izvo zvinoda kubhadharwa neimwe nzira kana zvisina kunaka, kana zvinogona kushandiswa kana zvakanaka. Sezvo aya maficha akavanzika anoonekwa, zvinodikanwa kuita shanduko kune mudziyo westock firmware, kuburitsa shanduro itsva dzeinopenya software kuita kuti carputer ivimbike uye ishande.

Kufanana nechero imwe mudziyo, komputa iri pabhodhi inoratidzwa kune zvekunze zvinhu, senge simba rekuwedzera, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza chirongwa chakaiswa kwairi, nekuda kwekuti kushanda kwayo kunokanganiswa. Kana iyo diagnostics isina kuratidza kukuvadzwa kwemagetsi kana emagetsi zvikamu zveyuniti, zvino dambudziko riri musoftware uye vanotaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro - firmware yakabhururuka.

Nzira chete yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ndeyekurodha software nyowani yakafanana kana yakazotevera vhezheni, iyo inodzoreredza zvachose kuita kweyuniti.

Chimwe chikonzero chekuita oparesheni iyi kudiwa kwekuchinja maitiro ekushandisa kwechigadzirwa kana system yainodzora. Semuenzaniso, kupenya (reprogramming) injini ECU inoshandura maitiro ayo, semuenzaniso, simba, kushandiswa kwemafuta, etc. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana muridzi wemotokari asingagutsikane nemaitiro ekugadzirisa, nokuti haakodzeri mukufambisa kwake. style.

General nheyo dzekupenya

Imwe neimwe komputa yemota inokwanisa kuvandudza kana kutsiva software, uye ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa kune izvi rwunouya kuburikidza nekusangana kunoenderana kweplug-in block. Saka, pakupenya iwe uchada:

• komputa yako (PC) kana laptop ine chirongwa chakakodzera;
• USB adapta;
• tambo ine chinongedzo chakakodzera.

BC inogadziridza kuburikidza nelaptop

Kana zvigadzirwa zvese zvagadzirwa, pamwe chete nesoftware yakakodzera yakasarudzwa, inoramba ichisarudza nzira yekuvhenekesa mota pa-board komputa - zadza zvizere chirongwa chitsva kana kugadzirisa izvo zvatovepo, uchichinja maitiro \uXNUMXb. \uXNUMXnemafomula mairi. Nzira yekutanga inokubvumira kuti uwedzere kukwanisa kwekaputer, yechipiri inogadzirisa chete kushanda kwayo mukati meiyo algorithm yakataurwa.

Mumwe muenzaniso wekupenya pa-board komputa iri kushandura mutauro wekuratidzira, iyo inonyanya kukosha kana mota yakavakirwa kune dzimwe nyika uye yobva yaunzwa kuRussia. Semuenzaniso, kumotokari dzeJapan, ruzivo rwese runoratidzwa mu hieroglyphs, kumotokari dzeGermany muchiLatini, kureva kuti, munhu asingatauri mutauro uyu haazobatsiri kubva kune ruzivo rwakaratidzwa. Kuisa software yakakodzera kunobvisa dambudziko uye bortovik inotanga kuratidza ruzivo muchiRussia, asi mamwe mabasa ayo akachengetedzwa zvakakwana.

Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye reprogramming yeinjini ECU, iyo inoshandura maitiro ekushanda kwemotokari. Nyowani pabhodhi komputa firmware inogona kuwedzera simba uye mhinduro yeinjini, ichiita kuti mota ive yemitambo, kana zvinopesana, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, kunyima mota yesimba uye hunhu hwehasha.

Chero kupenya kunoitika kuburikidza nekupihwa kweruzivo kune data-kusangana kwekaputer, nekuti iyi inogara ichiitwa inopihwa nemugadziri. Asi, zvisinei nemaitiro akajairwa, nzira dzekutsiva iyo firmware kune yega yega BC ndeyemunhu uye zvichienderana nekurudziro yemugadziri wechigadzirwa ichi. Naizvozvo, iyo general algorithm yezviito yakafanana, asi iyo software uye kurongeka kwekurodha kwayo ndeyega kune yega yega modhi ye-on-board mudziyo.

Dzimwe nguva kupenya kunonzi chip tuning, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Mushure mezvose, chip tuning izere huwandu hwematanho ane chinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro emota, uye kuronga pabhodhi mota inongova chikamu chayo. Zvichida, kurodha software yakakodzera zvakakwana kuti uwane mhedzisiro yaunoda, asi iyo yepamusoro inogona kuwanikwa chete neseti yezviyero.

Kwaungawane chirongwa chekupenya

Kuenzaniswa nemakomputa ega, pabhodhi makomputa ane chimiro chakareruka uye "kunzwisisa" chete mapurogiramu akanyorwa mumakodhi emashini, ndiko kuti, mitauro yepurogiramu yepasi. Nekuda kweizvi, vazhinji vemazuva ano vanogadzira mapurogiramu havagone kunyora nehunyanzvi software kwavari, nekuti mukuwedzera kune hunyanzvi hwekodha padanho rakaderera zvakadaro, kunzwisiswa kwemaitiro achabatwa nechigadzirwa ichi kunodiwawo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuunganidza kana kushandura firmware yechero ECU kunoda ruzivo rwakanyanya, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzefizikisi uye chemistry, saka vashoma chete vanogona kugadzira yemhando yepamusoro firmware kubva pakutanga kana kunyatso shandura iripo.

Kana iwe uchida kuvheneka zvakare mota pa-bhodhi komputa, wobva watenga chirongwa chacho kubva kune anozivikanwa tuning masitudiyo kana maworkshop anopa vimbiso yesoftware. Iwe unogona kushandisa software iyo inowanikwa pachena panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, asi software yakadaro ndeyekare uye haina kunyatsoshanda, kana zvisina kudaro munyori aizoitengesa.

 

Software update mumusangano

Imwe nzvimbo yaunogona kuwana software yakakodzera kupenya ndeye marudzi ese emaforamu evaridzi vemotokari, uko vashandisi vanokurukura mota dzavo uye zvese zvine chekuita navo. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndiko kukwanisa kuwana mhinduro chaiyo kubva kune avo vakaedza firmware itsva pamotokari yavo uye vakaiongorora. Kana iwe uri mushandisi weforamu yakadai, saka nehupamhi hwepamusoro iwe haungobatsirwa chete kusarudza software nyowani yechitoro chako chekubheja, asi zvakare uchabvunzurudzwa nezvekuiisa.

Zvisonanidze kana kuti ipa kune nyanzvi

Kana iwe uine kanenge kadiki ruzivo mukuronga zvemagetsi zvikamu uye inoenderana software, ipapo kupenya kwemota pabhodhi komputa hakuzokonzerese iwe matambudziko, nekuti iyo algorithm yezviito yakafanana kune chero mudziyo. Kana iwe usina ruzivo rwakadaro, tinokurudzira kuisa kuzadzikiswa kwechirongwa chitsva kune nyanzvi, zvikasadaro pane mukana wakakura wekuti chimwe chinhu chikanganise uye, kana yakanakisa, iwe uchafanirwa kuvhenekesa carputer, uye mu zvakaipisisa, kugadziriswa kwemotokari kwakaoma kunodiwa.

Rangarira, kunyangwe iyo yakajairwa algorithm yezviito, reprogramming yemabhuraki akasiyana kunyangwe pamota imwe chete inoitika nemisiyano yakakomba musoftware uye mukuita kwezvimwe zviito. Saka, chii chinoshanda kune Shtat MK yechizvarwa chekutanga chemhuri yeVAZ Samara (injector model 2108-21099) haizoshandi kune carputer yekambani imwe chete, asi inotarisirwa kuVesta.

Verenga zvakare: Autonomous heater mumotokari: kupatsanura, maitiro ekuiisa iwe pachako

Nzira yekudzokorora BC iwe pachako

Heino maitiro anozokubatsira iwe kuvhenekesa mota pa-bhodhi komputa, kubva painjini control unit kuenda kuMK kana masevhisi zvishandiso:

• bvisa bhatiri uye bvisa chigadzirwa kubva mumotokari;
• pawebhusaiti yemugadziri kana maforamu emotokari, tsvaga mirairo yekupenya iyi chaiyo mudziyo modhi uye iyi modhi yemotokari;
• dhawunirodha iyo firmware uye mamwe mapurogiramu anozodiwa kuti uise uye ugadzirise;
• tenga kana kugadzira midziyo yako inodiwa;
• kutevera mirairo, batanidza BC kuPC kana laptop (dzimwe nguva mahwendefa kana mafoni anoshandiswa, asi izvi hazvisi nyore);
• uchitevera kurudziro, upload (flash) software nyowani;
• isa chikwata chemagetsi pamotokari uye tarisa kushanda kwayo;
• gadzirisa kana zvakakodzera.

Rangarira, kana uchipenya, chero danho risingabvi pane zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zveiyo yakasarudzwa yemagetsi unit inongotungamira mukudzikira mukushanda kwayo kana kutadza, saka ipa sarudzo kune kurudziro yakarongwa pawebhusaiti yemugadziri.

Self flashing

Kuti uvheneke mamwe ma-on-board zvishandiso, zvakakosha kuti utengese ROM (yekuverenga-chete ndangariro) chip, nekuti kudzima ruzivo mairi kunogoneka chete kuburikidza neultraviolet irradiation kana neimwe nzira isingaenderane nemakodhi edhijitari. Basa rakadaro rinofanira kuitwa chete nenyanzvi ine unyanzvi hwakakodzera uye midziyo.

mhedziso

Sezvo iri software inosarudza ese maparamendi ekushanda kwete chete ega ega ega ega ega, asiwo mota yese, kupenya pabhodhi komputa inodzoreredza kushanda kwayo kwakajairika kana kunatsiridza mashandiro. Zvisinei, kuisa purogiramu itsva kunosanganisira kwete kungobvisa chikwata kubva mumotokari, asiwo kushandisa michina yakakosha, uye chero kukanganisa kunogona kutungamirira kune zvose kusashanda kwechigadzirwa uye kuparara kwakanyanya kwemotokari.

Ita-iwe-iwe pachako firmware (chip tuning) yemotokari