Inovimbisa kumhara mapuratifomu eUS Army
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Inovimbisa kumhara mapuratifomu eUS Army

28.07.2022 /

Sechikamu chechirongwa cheFVL, Mauto eUS akaronga kutenga zviuru zviviri-2 zviuru zvemotokari itsva dzichatsiva UH-4 Black Hawk mhuri helicopters pakutanga, uye

AN-64 Apache. Mufananidzo. Bell Helicopter

Mauto eUS ari kuita zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi kuita chirongwa chekusuma mhuri yemapuratifomu eVLT matsva kutsiva yazvino yekufambisa uye kurwisa zvikopokopo mune ramangwana. Chirongwa cheFuture Vertical Lift (FVL) chinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa izvo, maererano nehunhu hwavo uye kugona kwavo, zvichapfuura zvakanyanya maherikoputa emhando seUH-60 Black Hawk, CH-47 Chinook kana AH-64 Apache.

Chirongwa cheFVL chakatangwa zviri pamutemo muna 2009. Zvino Mauto eUS akaunza chirongwa chemakore akawanda chekushandisa chirongwa chine chinangwa chekutsiva maherikoputa ari kushandiswa parizvino. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) neMarine Corps (USMC) vaifarirawo kutora chikamu muchirongwa ichi. Muna Gumiguru 2011, Pentagon yakaratidza pfungwa yakadzama: mapuratifomu matsva aifanirwa kunge achikurumidza, ane huwandu hwakakura uye mubhadharo, kuve wakachipa uye nyore kushanda pane helikopta. Sechikamu chechirongwa cheFVL, mauto akaronga kutenga zviuru zviviri-2 zviuru zvemotokari, izvo zvinonyanya kutsiva zvikopokopo kubva kuUH-4 Black Hawk uye AH-60 Apache mhuri. Kutumwa kwavo kwakarongwa pakutanga kunosvika 64.

Iyo yakazoziviswa kuita kushoma kweanotsiva helikopta inoramba iripo nhasi:

  • kukurumidza kumhanya kwete pasi pe500 km / h,
  • kumhanya kwekufamba 425 km/h,
  • mileage inenge 1000 km,
  • tactical range inosvika 400 km,
  • mukana wekufamba-famba pakakwirira inosvika 1800 m pamhepo tembiricha ye +35 ° C,
  • kukwirira kwendege kunosvika 9000 m,
  • kugona kutakura varwi gumi nevaviri vane zvombo zvakakwana (yesarudzo yekutakura).

Izvi zvinodikanwa hazvigoneki kuwanikwa kune dzekare zvikopokopo uye kunyangwe kune yakatwasuka uye yekumhara ndege ine inotenderera inotenderera V-22 Osprey. Nekudaro, izvi ndizvo chaizvo fungidziro yechirongwa cheFVL. Vagadziri vemauto eUS vakafunga kuti kana dhizaini nyowani yaizoshandiswa muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, saka inofanira kunge iri nhanho inotevera mukuvandudzwa kwemarotor. Iyi fungidziro ndeyechokwadi nekuti iyo yekare helikopta sedhizaini yasvika pamuganho wekukura kwayo. Kubatsira kukuru kweherikoputa - iyo huru rotor ndiyo zvakare chipingamupinyi chikuru chekuwana kumhanya kwendege, kukwirisa uye kugona kushanda madaro marefu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nefizikiki ye rotor huru, mashizha ayo, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwehupamhi hwehupamhi hwehelicopter, hunoita kuti hurambe huchiwedzera.

Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, vagadziri vakatanga kuyedza kugadzirwa kwechikopokopo chakakoniwa chine rotor yakaoma. Aya anotevera prototypes akavakwa: Bell 533, Lockheed XH-51, Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne, Piasecki 16H, Sikorsky S-72 uye Sikorsky XH-59 ABC (Advancing Blade Concept). Ichifambiswa nemamwe maviri ejinjini ejeti egasi uye maviri akaomesesa-anotenderedza coaxial propellers, XH-59 yakawana rekodhi kumhanya kwe488 km/h mukubhururuka kwenhanho. Nekudaro, iyo prototype yaive yakaoma kubhururuka, yaive nekudedera kwakasimba uye yaive neruzha. Basa pazvivakwa zviri pamusoro rakapedzwa pakati pemakumi masere emakore apfuura. Hapana kana imwe yeyakaedzwa shanduko yakashandiswa mumahelicopter akagadzirwa panguva iyoyo. Panguva iyoyo, Pentagon yakanga isingafarire kudyara mumatekinoroji matsva, kwemakore yaigutsikana nekungozogadziridzwa kwaitevera kwezvivakwa zvaishandiswa.

Saka, kugadzirwa kweherikoputa neimwe nzira kwakamira panzvimbo uye kwakaramba kuri kumashure kwekugadzirwa kwendege. Iyo yazvino dhizaini yakagamuchirwa neUS yaive AH-64 Apache yekurwisa helikopta yakagadzirwa muma2007s. Mushure menguva yakareba yekuedzwa uye matambudziko etekinoroji, iyo V-22 Osprey yakapinda sevhisi muna 22. Zvisinei, iyi haisi helikopta kana kunyange rotorcraft, asi ndege ine rotors inotenderera (tiltiplane). Izvi zvaifanira kunge zviri mhinduro kune kushomeka kwezvikopokopo. Uye kutaura zvazviri, B-22 ine yakakwira zvikuru cruising kumhanya uye kunonyanyisa kumhanya, uyewo yakakura siyana uye ndege sirin'i kupfuura helicopters. Nekudaro, iyo B-XNUMX zvakare haina kuzadzisa maitiro echirongwa cheFVL, sezvo dhizaini yakasikwa makore makumi matatu apfuura, uye, kunyangwe nehunyanzvi hwayo, ndege iyi haichashandi.

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