Pininfarina - kunaka kunoberekerwa ikoko

Iyo Apennine peninsula yanga iri mbereko yevatenzi vemaitiro kubvira kare. Pamusoro pezvivakwa, zvivezwa uye kupenda, maItaliya zvakare vatungamiriri munyika yekugadzira mota, uye mambo wayo asingapokane ndiPininfarina, iyo stylistic centre yeTurin, iyo yakapemberera zuva rekuzvarwa kwayo pakupera kwaMay. 

Mavambo Carrozzeria Pininfarina

Akanga ari muna May 1930. Battista Farina akatanga kambani yake, akaenda kure, iyo kubva pakutanga yakanga yakabatana neindasitiri yemotokari. Akazvarwa wegumi pavana gumi nemumwe vevintner Giuseppe Farina. Nekuda kwekuti aive mwanakomana wegotwe, akapihwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti Pinin, diki raakaramba ainaye kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, uye muna 1961 akachinja zita rake rekuti. Pininfarina.

Atova mumakore ake okuyaruka, akashanda mumusangano wemukoma wake muTurin, uyo akanga achiita kwete chete mumakanika, asiwo mukugadzirisa mashizha esimbi. Ndiko uko Battista, achiona uye achibatsira mukoma wake, akadzidza kushandisa motokari uye akawira murudo rusingarapiki.

Akagamuchira komisheni yake yekutanga yekugadzira pazera re18, paakanga asati ave mubhizinesi. Yakanga iri dhizaini yeradiator yeFiat Zero, yakagadzirwa kubva 1913, iyo Mutungamiri Agnelli aifarira kupfuura zano revanyori vekambani. Pasinei nekubudirira kwakadaro, Farina haana kushanda pafekitari yemotokari muTurin, asi akasarudza kuenda kuUnited States, kwaakacherechedza indasitiri yemotokari inobudirira. Achidzokera kuItaly muna 1928, akatora fekitari yomukoma wake, uye muna 1930, nokuda kwemari yemhuri neyekunze, akavamba. Muviri Pininfarina.

Chinangwa chekudyara ichi chaive chekushandura musangano unobudirira kuita fekitori inogadzira mitumbi yakagadzirwa netsika, kubva kune imwe chete kuenda kudiki diki. Kwakanga kune makambani mazhinji akadaro muEurope yose, asi mumakore akatevera Pininfarina yakawedzera kuzivikanwa.

Mota dzekutanga dzakadhonzwa naFarina dzaive Lancias, izvo hazvina kuitika. Vincenzo Lancia akaisa mari mukambani yake uye akava shamwari nekufamba kwenguva. Nechekare muna 1930, Lancia Dilambda akaunzwa aine muviri mutete unonzi chikepe-muswe, iyo yakakunda mwoyo yevaoni uye nyanzvi panguva yemakwikwi eItaly ekunaka di Villa d'Este, uye munguva pfupi yakakwezva masimba aripo. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, muviri weLancia Dilambda wakagadzirwa naFarina wakarairwa. mambo weRomania, naMaharaja Vir Singh II vakaraira muviri nenzira imwechete, asi yakavakirwa Cadillac V16, yakazove imwe yemotokari dzakakurumbira munyika.

Farina akavaka uye akaunzwa pamakwikwi ekunakisa uye emota showroom mapurojekiti kwete chete pahwaro hwemotokari dzeItaly (Lancia, Alfa Romeo), asiwo pahwaro hweMercedes kana yakanyanyisa umbozha Hispano-Suiza. Nekudaro, makore ekutanga aive akabatana zvakanyanya naLancia. Ikoko ndiko kwaakaedza neaerodynamics, achiunza Dilambda uye gare gare maitiro anotevera eAurelia neAsturias. Nhengo dzemuviri dzakakomberedzwa uye mahwindo akatenuka ave chiratidzo cheiyo studio.

Nguva yehondo isati yatanga yaive nguva yebudiriro, kukura kwemabasa uye mamwe mapurojekiti matsva. Hondo Yenyika II yakamisa kushanda pafekitari yeTurin, asi mhirizhonga payakapera, nzvimbo yacho payakadzorerwa, Battista nechikwata chake vakadzokera kubasa. Nguva pfupi apedza kudzidza muna 1950, akabatanidzwa nemwanakomana wake Sergio, uyo akasaina kune akawanda mapurojekiti emifananidzo. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, yakatangwa muna 1947. Cisitalia 202, motokari yekutanga yemitambo yemugwagwa kubva kuItaly racing stable.

Dhizaini nyowani yewekishopu yakamira pachena maererano nemashure ekubudirira kwehondo isati yatanga. Akapa fungidziro yebundu rimwe, nhete, risina kuratidzwa nemajoini nemacurve. Kana panguva iyoyo munhu akanga asingazivi nezvemukurumbira wePininfarina, saka panguva yekutanga kwemuenzaniso uyu, munhu aisagona kuva nemafungiro. Mota yaishamisa semagadzirirwo akanakisa eFerrari gare gare. Hazvishamisi kuti muna 1951 akapinda muNew York Museum seimwe yemotokari dzakanakisisa munhoroondo yeindasitiri yemotokari uye yainzi chivezwa pamavhiri. Cisitalia 202 akapinda mukugadzirwa kwezvidiki-diki. Motokari zana nemakumi manomwe dzakavakwa.

Kudyidzana kwakanaka pakati pePininfarina neFerrari

Nhoroondo yehukama Pininfarini z Ferrari zvakatanga nerudzi rwekufa. Muna 1951 Enzo Ferrari vakokwa Battista Farina kuna Modena, kwaakapindura iye pachake nechipo chekushanyira Turin. Vaviri ava havana kuda kubvuma kuenda. Pamwe kubatana kungadai kusina kutanga dai pasina Sergio Pininfarinauyo akaronga mhinduro isingaburitse mamiriro echero angangoita kondirakiti. Varume vakasangana muresitorendi pakati peTurin neModena, zvichikonzera yekutanga Ferrari ine Pininfairny muviri - modhi 212 Inter Cabriolet. Saka yakatanga nhoroondo yekubatana kwakakurumbira pakati penzvimbo yekugadzira uye mugadziri wemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro.

Pakutanga, Pininfarina akanga asina Ferrari chete - mamwe maatelier eItaly, akadai saVignale, Ghia kana Carrozzeria Scaglietti, akagadzira miviri, asi nekufamba kwenguva izvi zvave zvichinyanya kukosha.

Muna 1954 akaita debut yake Ferrari 250 GT ine Pininfarina muviriPakazovakwa makore 250. Nokufamba kwenguva, studio yakava mugadziri wedare. Kubva mumaoko eTurin stylists kwakauya ma supercars akadai Ferrari 288 GTO, F40, F50, Enzo kana nzvimbo yakaderera Mondial, GTB, Testarossa, 550 Maranello kana Dino. Dzimwe mota dzakatogadzirwa paPininfarina fekitori (zita kubvira 1961). Idzi dzaive, pakati pezvimwe, dzakasiyana Ferrari 330 modhi dzakaungana muTurin ndokuendeswa kuMaranello kumusangano wemuchina.

Lovely nhoroondo yePininfarina kubatana neFerrari Zvingangove zvichisvika kumagumo sezvo Ferrari parizvino isingapi mota dzakagadzirwa muTurin uye Ferrari's Centro Stile ndiyo inotungamira madhizaini ese matsva emhando. Nekudaro, hapana chinzvimbo chepamutemo chekumisa kubatana.

Nyika haiperi neFerrari

Kunyangwe akashanda padhuze neFerrari kwemakore makumi matanhatu, Pininfarina haana kuregeredza vamwe vatengi. Mumakumi emakore akatevera, akagadzira zvigadziriso zvemhando dzakawanda dzepasi rose. Zvakakodzera kutaura mienzaniso yakadai se Peugeot 405 (1987), Alfa Romeo 164 (1987), Alfa Romeo GTV (1993) kana Rolls-Royce Camargue (1975). Mumireniyamu itsva, kambani yakatanga kushanda pamwe nevagadziri veChinese vakaita seChery kana Brilliance uye vekuKorea (Hyundai Matrix, Daewoo Lacetti).

Kubva pakupera kwe100s, Pininfarina yakagadzirawo locomotives, yachts uye tram. Portfolio yavo inosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, dhizaini yemukati meiyo nyowani yeRussia ndege Sukhoj Superjet, Istanbul Airport, iyo yakavhurwa muna Kubvumbi gore rino, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi evatengi, zvipfeko, zvishandiso uye fenicha.

Kwete chete dhizaini studio, asiwo fekitori

Nekubudirira kwepasi rose kweCisitalia, kuzivikanwa kwaPininfarina kwakapararira kupfuura Europe ndokutanga kushanda nevagadziri vekuAmerica Nash neCadillac. VaItaly vakabatsira maAmerica kugadzira Ambassador weNash, uye munyaya yeNash-Healey roadster, Pininfarina haana kungogadzira muviri mutsva wemugwagwa wakagadzirwa kubvira 1951, asiwo wakaubudisa. Yakanga iri mbambo mubhokisi repurojekiti yacho pachayo, nekuti mota yakatanga nhoroondo yayo muEngland, pafekitari yeHealey pakavakwa chasi, uye yaive ine injini yakatumirwa kubva kuUSA. Mota yakaunganidzwa zvishoma yakatakurwa kuenda kuTurin, uko Pininfarina akaunganidza mutumbi ndokutumira mota yakapedzwa kuUnited States. Iyo yakaoma logistical process yakaguma nemutengo wepamusoro waitadzisa kutengesa zvakanaka mumakwikwi eAmerican market. General Motors vakaita chikanganiso chimwe chete makumi mashoma emakore gare gare, asi ngatirege kuenderera mberi isu pachedu.

Nash anga asiri iye ega mugadziri weAmerica aifarira kugona kwePininfarina kugadzira. General Motors vakafunga kuvaka iyo yakasarudzika vhezheni yeCadillac, iyo Eldorado Brougham modhi, yakavakwa muTurin muna 1959-1960 mumatche madiki. Mumakore ose ari maviri ekugadzirwa, anenge zana chete akavakwa. Chakanga chiri chinhu chinodhura zvakanyanya pamitengo yemhando yekuAmerica - yaidhura zvakapetwa kaviri pane yenguva dzose Eldorado, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemotokari dzinodhura pasi rose. Iyo halo yehumbozha, yakasanganiswa nekushanda kwekutakura kwaisanganisira US-Italy-US kutumira uye kuungana kwemaoko kwemotokari yega yega, yakaita kuti Cadillac Eldorado Brougham ive isiri sarudzo yakangwara kana uchitsvaga kamuri ine limousine.

Muna 1958 Pininfarina открыл завод в Грульяско, который позволял производить 11 автомобилей в год, поэтому производство для американских клиентов было слишком маленьким, чтобы поддерживать завод. К счастью, компания прекрасно гармонировала с отечественными брендами.

Muna 1966, kugadzirwa kweimwe yeanonyanya kukosha mota yekambani kwakatanga. Alfie Romeo Spideriyo yaive yechipiri yakakura kugadzira mota yakavakwa naPininfarina. Kusvika muna 1993, makopi 140 124 akabudiswa. Panyaya iyi, chete Fiat 1966 Sport Spider, yakabudiswa muna 1985 mayuniti, aiva nani.

Makumi makumi masere ndiyo nguva yatinogona kudzokera kuAmerican kuveza. Ipapo General Motors vakafunga kuvaka Cadillac Allante, mugwagwa wepamusoro-soro wakavakwa muviri pachirimwa chakabatana muSan Giorgio Canavese uye ndokuzoendeswa nendege kuUS kuti abatanidzwe kune chassis uye powertrain. Kuita kwese kwakanganisa mutengo uye mota yakaramba ichigadzirwa kubva 1986 kusvika 1993. Kugadzirwa kwakapera kupfuura 23. makopi.

Nekudaro, chirimwa chitsva ichi chaive chisina chinhu; kambani yePininfarina yakavakira pairi. Convertible Bentley Azure, Peugeot 406 coupe kana Alfa Romeo Brera. Muna 1997, imwe fekitari yakavhurwa, umo Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin, Ford Focus Coupe Cabrio kana Ford Streetka. MaItaly akagadzirawo kudyidzana ne Volvo vakavaka C70 muSweden.

nhasi Pininfarina yakavhara kana kutengesa mafekitari ayo ese uye haichagadziri mota kune chero mugadziri, asi ichiri kupa masevhisi ekugadzira emhando dzakasiyana.

Dambudziko rehupfumi uye kupora

Matambudziko emari anokonzerwa nekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye zvikwereti zvenguva refu hazvina kungokanganisa makambani makuru, ayo aifanira kuvhara mafekitori ese uye kunyangwe mabhureki kuti azvidzivirire kubva pakudonha. Pininfarina aive mudambudziko guru rezvemari kumashure muna 2007, uye ruponeso chete kwaive kutsvaga nzira dzekudzikisa mitengo uye kukwezva vanoisa mari. Muna 2008, kurwisana nemabhangi kwakatanga, kutsvaga kwevashambadziri nekugadzirisa zvakare, kwakaguma muna 2013, apo kambani haina kutambura kurasikirwa kwekutanga munenge makore gumi. Muna 2015, Mahindra akabuda ndokutora Pininfarinaasi Paolo Pininfarina, anga aine kambani kubva kumaXNUMX, akaramba ari mutungamiri.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura Pininfarina Handisi husimbe. Iye ane mutoro weiyo yakagadziridzwa Fisker Karma, i.e. Karma Revero GTyaunzwa gore rino. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Pininfarina Battista hypercar, yakatumidzwa zita remukurumbira wekambani muvambi, iri munzira, ichibatanidza manyorerwo asingagumi neRimac electric drive, ichiburitsa huwandu hwakazara hwe1903 hp. (4 motors, imwe yevhiri rega rega). Motokari inotarisirwa kutengeswa muna 2020. MaItaly anoronga kuburitsa 150 makopi eiyi supercar, inokwanisa kukurumidza kusvika ku100 km / h mumasekonzi maviri uye inosvika kumhanya kwe2 km / h. Mutengo wacho wakaiswa pamamiriyoni maviri euros. Zvakawanda, asi Pininfarina ichiri mhando munyika yemotokari. MaItaly anoshuma kuti 349% yezvese kugadzirwa yakatochengetwa.