Inopenya uye ndege inotakura zvinhu: Gotha Go 242 Go 244

Gotha Go 242 Go 244. A Gotha Go 242 A-1 glider yakadhonzwa neHeinkel He 111 H inobhomba pamusoro peGungwa reMediterranean.

Kukurumidza kusimukira kwemauto eparachute eGerman kwaida kuti indasitiri yendege ipe midziyo yekubhururuka nayo yakakodzera - zvese zvekutakura nendege. Nepo iyo DFS 230 yakasangana nezvinodiwa zvekubhururuka kwemhepo, iyo yaifanirwa kuendesa varwi nemidziyo uye zvombo zvavo zvakananga kune chinangwa, yakaderera kutakura simba haina kuibvumira kuti inyatso govera yayo mayuniti nezvimwe zvekushandisa uye zvekushandisa zvakakosha kurwisa mabasa. Kurwa kunobudirira pandima yemuvengi. Kune rudzi urwu rwebasa, zvaive zvakakodzera kugadzira airframe yakakura ine mubhadharo wakakura.

Iyo itsva airframe, Gotha Go 242, yakavakwa neGothaer Waggonfabrik AG, yakapfupikiswa seGWF (Gotha Carriage Joint Stock Company), yakavambwa musi waChikunguru 1, 1898 nemainjiniya Botmann naGluck. Pakutanga, mafekitori aiita basa rekuvaka nekugadzira zvitima, ngoro uye zvitima zvezvitima. Dhipatimendi reKugadzira Aviation (Abteilung Flugzeugbau) rakavambwa muna Kukadzi 3, 1913, uye mavhiki gumi nerimwe gare gare ndege yekutanga yakavakwa ipapo: chigaro chine zvigaro zviviri-seat biplane trainer yakagadzirwa naEng. Bruno Bluchner. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, GFW yakatanga kupa rezinesi Etrich-Rumpler LE 1 Taube (njiva). Idzi dzaive mbiri, imwe-injini uye dzakawanda-chinangwa monoplane ndege. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemakopi gumi e LE 10, shanduro dzakavandudzwa dze LE 1 uye LE 2, dzakagadzirwa neeng. Franz Boenisch uye eng. Bartel. Pakazara, chirimwa cheGotha chakagadzira 3 Taube ndege.

Mushure mekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mainjiniya maviri ane tarenda, Karl Rösner naHans Burkhard, vakava vatungamiriri vedhizaini Bureau. Chirongwa chavo chekutanga chakabatana kwaive kugadziridzwa kwendege yeFrance Caudron G III yekucherekedza, yakambopihwa rezinesi neGWF. Ndege itsva yakagamuchira zita rokuti LD 4 uye yakagadzirwa muhuwandu hwemakopi makumi maviri. Ipapo Rösner naBurkhard vakagadzira akati wandei madiki ekuongorora uye ndege dzemugungwa, dzakavakwa mudiki dzakatevedzana, asi basa ravo chairo rakatanga musi waChikunguru 20, 27 nekubhururuka kwekutanga kweGotha GI twin-injini bhomba, iyo panguva iyoyo yakabatanidzwa naEng. Oscar Ursinus. Basa ravo rekubatana raive mabhomba anotevera: Gotha G.II, G.III, G.IV naGV, avo vakave nemukurumbira nekutora chikamu mukurwisa kwenguva refu pazvinangwa zviri muBritish Isles. Kurwiswa kwemhepo hakuna kukonzera kukuvadza kwezvinhu zvakanyanya kumushini wehondo weBritish, asi propaganda yavo uye maitiro epfungwa aive makuru.

Pakutanga, mafekitari eGotha akashandisa vanhu makumi mashanu; pakupera kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, nhamba yavo yakawedzera kusvika 50, uye panguva ino kambani yakabudisa ndege dzinopfuura 1215.

Pasi peChibvumirano cheVersailles, mafekitari muGotha akarambidzwa kutanga nekuenderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwendege. Kwemakore gumi nemashanu akatevera, kusvika 1933, GFW yakagadzira zvitima, injini dzedhiziri, ngoro nemidziyo yechitima. Nekuda kwekuuya kusimba kweNational Socialists muna Gumiguru 2, 1933, dhipatimendi rekugadzira ndege rakabviswa. Dipl.-eng. Albert Kalkert. Kondirakiti yekutanga yaive rezenisi rekugadzirwa kwendege yekudzidzira yeArado Ar 68. Gare gare Heinkel He 45 uye He 46 ndege dzekuongorora dzakaunganidzwa muGotha. Zvichakadaro, Eng. Calkert akagadzira Gotha Go 145 mudzidzisi ane zvigaro zviviri, iyo yakabhururuka muna Kukadzi 1934. Ndege yakaratidza kuva yakabudirira zvikuru; Pakazara, anokwana makopi 1182 akabudiswa.

Pakupera kwaAugust 1939, basa rakatanga pahofisi yokudhirowa yeGoth pachokufambisa chitsva chaigona kutakura zvinhu zvakawanda pasina kudikanwa kwokudzurwa. Musoro weboka rekusimudzira aive Dipl.-Ing. Albert Kalkert. Iyo yekutanga dhizaini yakapedzwa muna Gumiguru 25, 1939. Iyo airframe itsva yaifanira kuve nefuselage yakakura ine tail boom iri kumashure kwayo uye hombe yekutakura inoiswa muuta hwakasimudzwa.

Mushure mekuita zvidzidzo zvedzidziso uye kubvunzana muna Ndira 1940, zvakaonekwa kuti hatch inotakura zvinhu iri kumberi fuselage yaizove panjodzi yekukuvadzwa uye kudhumhana kana ichimhara munzvimbo isingazivikanwe, isina kumboitika, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuburutswa kwemidziyo. kutakurwa. Zvakasarudzwa kufambisa gonhi rekutakura rinosendamira kumusoro kusvika kumagumo efuselage, asi izvi zvakazove zvisingagoneki nekuda kwemuswe wemuswe une keels pamagumo akaiswa ipapo. Mhinduro yakakurumidza kuwanikwa nemumwe wenhengo dzechikwata, Ing. Laiber, uyo akaronga chikamu chitsva chemuswe chine danda rakapetwa rakabatanidzwa kumagumo nerectangular horizontal stabilizer. Izvi zvakabvumira kuti hatch yekurodha ipetwe zvakasununguka uye zvisina njodzi, uye zvakare yakapa nzvimbo yakakwana yekurodha mota dziri kunze kwemugwagwa seVolkswagen Type 82 Kübelwagen, pfuti inorema yevacheche ye150 mm caliber kana 105 mm caliber field howitzer.

Basa rakapedzwa rakaratidzwa muna May 1940 kune vamiririri veReichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Reich Aviation Ministry). Pakutanga, vakuru vakuru veTechnisches Amt des RLM (Technical Department of the RLM) vakasarudza kukwikwidzana kweDeutschert Forschunsanstalt für Segelflug (German Gliding Research Institute), yakasarudzwa DFS 331. Nekuda kwekubudirira kwekurwisana kwekutanga kweDFS 230 kumhara craft, iyo DFS pakutanga yakave nemukana uri nani wekuhwina makwikwi. MunaGunyana 1940, iyo RLM yakaisa odha yematatu eDFS 1940 prototypes uye maviri Go 331 prototypes kuti aunzwe munaNovember 242 kuenzanisa kuita nekuita.