Starter inoshanduka yakaipa

Kazhinji starter inoshanduka yakaipa nekuda kwekuderera kwebhatiri kubhadharisa, kutadza kubata pasi, kupfeka kwebhushi pamuviri wayo, kuparara kweiyo solenoid relay, pfupi dunhu reiyo stator kana rotor (armature) mamhepo, kupfeka kwebhendix, mabhurashi akasununguka kumuunganidzi kana kupfeka kwavo kwakakosha. .

Matanho ekutanga ekugadzirisa anogona kuitwa pasina kubvisa gungano kubva pachigaro chayo, zvisinei, kana izvi zvisingabatsiri uye mutangi wakashanduka wakaoma, ipapo inofanira kubviswa uye kuwedzera kuongororwa kunofanira kuitwa pamwe nekuparara kwayo, kutarisa kune chikuru chayo. breakdowns.

Chikonzero chii	Zvekugadzira
Bhatiri risina simba	Tarisa bhatiri yekuchaja level, recharge kana zvichidikanwa
	Tarisa mamiriro ezviteshi zvebhatiri, zvichenese kubva kutsvina nemaokisi, uye zvakare uzvizodze nemafuta akakosha.
Battery, starter uye ground contacts	ongorora zvinobatika pabhatiri pacharo (kusimbisa torque), iyo yemukati yekupisa injini pasi waya, nzvimbo dzekubatanidza pane yekutanga.
Solenoid ataure	tarisa relay windings nemagetsi multimeter. Pamusoro pekushanda relay, kukosha kwekupikisa pakati pemhepo imwe neimwe uye pasi inofanira kuva 1 ... 3 Ohm, uye pakati pemagetsi emagetsi 3 ... 5 Ohm. Kana ma windings akakundikana, relays dzinowanzochinjwa.
Starter brushes	Tarisa nhanho yavo yekupfeka. Kana kupfeka kwakakosha, saka mabhurashi anoda kutsiviwa.
Starter bushings	Ongorora mamiriro avo, kureva, backlash. Mutambo unobvumirwa unosvika 0,5 mm. Kana iyo yemahara yekutamba kukosha yakapfuura, iyo bushings inotsiviwa nemitsva.
Stator uye rotor windings (armatures)	Uchishandisa multimeter, iwe unofanirwa kuvatarisa kune yakavhurika dunhu, pamwe nekuvapo kwepfupi dunhu kune kesi uye inopindirana pfupi dunhu. Iwo ma windings anogona kudzosera kumashure kana kushandura anotangira.
Starter Bendix	Tarisa mamiriro eiyo bendix giya (kunyanya kumota dzechikuru kana mota dzine yakakwira mileage). Nekupfeka kwayo kwakakosha, iwe unofanirwa kushandura bendix kune imwe nyowani.
mafuta	Tarisa mamiriro uye fluidity yemafuta uchishandisa dipstick. Kana mafuta ezhizha akadururirwa mukrankcase uye yakakora, saka iwe unoda kukwevera motokari kubhokisi rinodziya uye kuchinja mafuta ipapo kwechando.
kupisa kwakaiswa zvisizvo (zvinoenderana necarburetor mota)	Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa nguva yekudzima uye, kana zvichidikanwa, isa kukosha kwayo kwakaringana.
Bata boka rekiyi yekubatidza	Tarisa mamiriro uye kunaka kweboka rekuonana uye kubatanidza. Kana zvichidikanwa, simbisa vanobatika kana kutsiva boka rekuonana zvachose.
Crankshaft	Zviri nani kupa madhigirii ekuongorora uye kugadzirisa kune masters musevhisi yemotokari, sezvo zvichidikanwa kuparadzanisa injini yekupisa mukati uye kutarisa mamiriro emagetsi.

Nei iyo Starter ichitendeuka zvakashata?

Kazhinji, varidzi vemotokari vanosangana nedambudziko kana mutangi akatendeuka neusimbe vanofunga kuti bhatiri "ine mhosva" (kupfeka kwayo kwakakosha, kusakwana kubhadharisa), kunyanya kana mamiriro acho akaitika pakudziya kwakashata. Muchokwadi, mukuwedzera kune bhatiri, kune zvakare zvikonzero zvakawanda nei iyo yekutanga inotenderera injini yekupisa yemukati kwenguva yakareba kuti itange.

1. Accumulator bhatiri. Mumamiriro okunze anotonhora, simba rebhatiri rinodzikira, uye rinoburitsa yakaderera yekutanga ikozvino, iyo dzimwe nguva haina kukwana kuti mutanga ashande zvakajairika. zvakare zvikonzero nei bhatiri risingatendeutse iyo yekutanga zvakanaka inogona kunge yakashata yekusangana pamaterminals. kureva, kusanyatso sunga pamabhaudhi kana pamabhatiri terminals, pane oxidation.
2. Kubata pasi kwakashata. Kazhinji bhatiri rinoshandura bhatiri zvakashata nekuda kwekusabatana kwakashata pane iyo isina kunaka terminal ye traction relay. Chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri mukubata kusina simba (kusungirirwa kwakasunungurwa) uye kusvibiswa kwekubata pachako (kazhinji oxidation yayo).
3. Starter bushings inopfeka. Kupfeka kwechisikigo kwekutanga bushings kazhinji kunoguma nekutamba kwekupedzisira pane yekutanga shaft uye kuita husimbe kushanda. Kana iyo axle inoputika kana "inobuda kunze" mukati meimba yekutanga, kutenderera kweshaft kunova kwakaoma. Saizvozvo, kumhanya kwekupuruzira iyo flywheel yeinjini yekupisa kwemukati inodzikira, uye kuwedzera simba remagetsi kubva mubhatiri rinodiwa kuti ritenderere.
4. Kuwanda kwebendix. Ichi hachisi chikonzero chakajairika chekuti iyo yekutanga haina kutendeuka zvakanaka kana bhatiri ichichajwa, uye inowanikwa chete mumotokari dzine mileage yakakwira, kusanganisira avo vane injini dzinopisa mukati dzinowanzotangwa uye kuvharwa, nekudaro ichideredza hupenyu hwevatangi. Chikonzero chiri mukupfeka kwebhanari yebhendix - kuderera kwehupamhi hwema rollers anoshanda mucheji, kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakatsetseka kune rumwe rutivi rwemupumburu, kukuya kwekushanda kwekushanda. Nekuda kweizvi, kutsvedza kunoitika panguva iyo torque inofambiswa kubva kune inotangisa shaft kuenda kumotokari yemukati injini yekupisa.
5. Kusangana kwakashata pane yekutanga stator winding. Paunenge uchitanga bhatiri, yakakosha ikozvino inopfuura nekusangana, saka, kana iyo yekubata iri muhurombo hwehunyanzvi mamiriro, inopisa uye inogona kupedzisira yanyangarika zvachose (kazhinji inotengeswa).
6. Dunhu pfupi mune stator kana rotor (armature) mhepo yeanotangira. kureva, dunhu pfupi rinogona kuva remhando mbiri - pasi kana kune nyaya uye kupindirana. Iyo yakanyanya kupindirana kutyora kwearature winding. Iwe unogona kuzvitarisa nemagetsi multimeter, asi zviri nani kushandisa chimiro chakakosha, chinowanzo kuwanikwa mumasevhisi emotokari akasarudzika.
7. Starter brushes. dambudziko rekutanga pano ndere kusununguka kunokodzera kwebhurashi kumusoro kune commutator surface. Uyezve, izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri. Yokutanga inokosha kupfeka brashi kana kukuvara kwemichina. Chepiri - onawo gadziriro nekuda kwekupfeka kwebhushi snap ring kukuvara.
8. Kukundikana kwechikamu che solenoid relay. Basa rayo nderekuunza uye kudzokera kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga iyo bendix gear. Saizvozvo, kana iyo retractor relay inokanganisa, saka inopedza nguva yakawanda kuunza Bendix giya uye kutanga iyo yekutanga.
9. Kushandisa viscous mafuta zvikuru. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bhatiri haritendeuki mutangi zvakanaka nekuda kwekuti mafuta akawandisa anoshandiswa mukati meinjini yekupisa. Zvinotora nguva uye simba rakawanda rebhatiri kupomba mafuta akaomeswa nechando.
10. Magetsi kukiya. Kazhinji matambudziko anoonekwa mukutyora kwekuvhara kweiyo wiring. Mukuwedzera, boka rekubatana rekiyi rinogona kupedzisira richipisa nekuda kwekuderera kwenzvimbo yekuonana, uye semugumisiro, zvishoma ikozvino kupfuura zvakakosha zvinogona kuenda kune kutanga.
11. Crankshaft. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, chikonzero chekuti mutambi haatendeuke zvakanaka ndeye crankshaft uye / kana zvinhu zveboka repiston. Semuenzaniso, kuseka pamitsetse. Saizvozvo, panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekutanga inoda simba rakawanda kuti itange injini yekupisa yemukati.

Vatyairi vazhinji havaite diagnostics zvizere uye vari kukurumidza kutenga bhatiri nyowani kana starter, uye kazhinji izvi hazvivabatsiri. Naizvozvo, kuti usarase mari, zvakakosha kufunga kuti nei mutangi achitendeuka zvine hunyoro nebhatiri rakachajwa uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa akakodzera.

Chii chaunofanira kuita kana mutangadzi akachinja

Kana iyo yekutanga inotendeuka yakaipa, kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa matanho anofanirwa kutorwa. Izvo zvinogara zvakakosha kutanga nebhatiri uye kutarisa mhando yekubata, uye chete ipapo bvisa uye pamwe disassemble mutangi uye kuita diagnostics.

• Tarisa kubhadharisa bhatiri. Izvo hazvina basa kana giya bhokisi risingatendeke zvakanaka kana bhatiri renguva dzose rinofanira kuchajwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika munguva yechando, apo usiku kupisa kwemhepo yekunze kunodonha pasi pe zero Celsius. Saizvozvo, kana bhatiri (kunyangwe riri nyowani) rinenge 15% raburitswa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kurichaja uchishandisa charger. Kana bhatiri yasakara uye / kana yapedza sosi yayo, zviri nani kuitsiva neimwe nyowani.
• Ita shuwa kuti materminal ebhatiri uye yekutanga magetsi emagetsi akabatana zvakavimbika.. Kana paine homwe dze oxidation (ngura) pamabhatiri terminals, saka iri zvirokwazvo idambudziko. zvakare ita shuwa kuti chibatiso chewaya dzemagetsi chakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka. Chenjerera kune iyo yekubata pane yekutanga pachayo. zvakakodzera kutarisa "pigtail yehuwandu", iyo inobatanidza chaizvo injini yemuviri uye muviri wemotokari. Kana maitirwo ari emhando yakashata, saka anoda kucheneswa uye kusimbiswa.

Mazano ari pamusoro akabatsira here? Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kubvisa iyo yekutanga kuti uongorore uye utarise yayo yakakosha zvinhu. Kusarudzika kunogona kungove chete kana iyo nyowani nyowani ikashanduka zvakashata, zvino kana isiri bhatiri uye vanobatika, saka iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga chikonzero chiri mukati memoto injini. Cheki yekutanga inofanira kuitwa nenzira inotevera:

• Solenoid ataure. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuridza maviri windings uchishandisa tester. Kupokana pakati pemahwindi ne "misa" inoyerwa nembiri. Pamusoro pekushanda relay ichava inenge 1 ... 3 Ohm. Kupokana pakati pemabatiro emagetsi kunofanirwa kuve kwehurongwa hwe3 ... 5 ohms. Kana izvi zvakakosha zvichienda kune zero, saka pane pfupi dunhu. Mazhinji emazuva ano solenoid relays anogadzirwa nenzira isina kuparadzaniswa, saka kana node ikakundikana, inongoshandurwa.
• Brushes. Dzinosakara zvoga, asi dzinogona kusakwana zvakakwana nekuda kwekuchinja kwebhurashi musangano maererano nemufambi. Chero zvazvaive, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa nemeso mamiriro eimwe neimwe yemabhurashi. Kupfeka kudiki kunogamuchirwa, asi hakufanirwe kuve kutsoropodza. Uyezve, kupfeka kunofanirwa kunge kuri mundege yekusangana nemuunganidzi, kukuvara hakubvumidzwe pane yasara brashi. kazhinji, mabhurashi anosungirirwa pagungano nebhaudhi kana solder. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti utarise iyo inoenderana kusangana, kana zvichidikanwa, ivandudze. Kana mabhurashi akasakara, anofanira kutsiviwa nemamwe matsva.
• bushings. Nekufamba kwenguva, vanopera uye vanotanga kutamba. Iyo inobvumirwa backlash kukosha ndeye 0,5 mm, kana ikapfuudzwa, bushings inofanira kutsiviwa nemitsva. Kusarurama kwemabhushi kunogona kutungamirira kutenderera kwakaoma kwekutanga rotor, uyewo kune chokwadi chokuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo mabhurashi haazokodzeri zvakasimba kune commutator.
• Kiya washer pamberi pegungano rebhurashi. Pakumisa, iva nechokwadi chekuti pane chinomisa chinomisa, nekuti kazhinji chinobhururuka chichienda. Pane kureba kunomhanya pamwe neaxis. Kuveura kunoita kuti mabhurashi aturike, kunyanya kana akapfeka zvakanyanya.
• Stator uye / kana rotor mhepo. Kutenderera kupfupi sedunhu kana dunhu diki "kusvika pasi" rinogona kuitika mavari. uyewo imwe sarudzo ndeyekuputsa kwekusangana kwema windings. Iyo armature windings inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti yakavhurika uye mapfupi maseketi. Uyewo, uchishandisa multimeter, unofanira kutarisa stator winding. Kune akasiyana mamodheru, kukosha kunoenderana kuchasiyana, zvisinei, paavhareji, mhepo inopikisa iri munharaunda ye10 kOhm. Kana kukosha kunowirirana kuri kushoma, zvino izvi zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko nemhepo, kusanganisira kutenderera kupfupi dunhu. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakananga simba re electromotive, uye, maererano, kumamiriro ezvinhu apo mutangi usingashanduki zvakanaka, zvose zvinotonhora uye zvinopisa.
• Starter Bendix. Mamiriro akazara e clutch inodarika inotariswa. Zvakakodzera nemaziso kuongorora magiya. Kana isiri-yakakosha kupfeka, clanging metallic kurira kunogona kubva mairi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti bendix iri kuedza kunamatira kune flywheel, asi kazhinji haibudiriri pakuedza kwekutanga, uye saka inoshandura mutangi kwenguva yakareba isati yatanga injini inopisa yemukati. Vamwe vatyairi vanoshandura zvikamu zvebhendix kune zvitsva (somuenzaniso, rollers), zvisinei, sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, zviri nyore uye zvakachipa (pakupedzisira) kutsiva chikwata chakatarwa nechitsva, pane kuchigadzirisa.

Kana iwe uine chokwadi chekuti iyo yekutanga iri kushanda, saka teerera kune mukati memoto injini.

mafuta. Dzimwe nguva varidzi vemotokari vanonetseka kuziva viscosity yemafuta uye hupenyu hwayo hwebasa. Saka, kana ikava gobvu, saka kuitira kutenderedza injini shaft, mutambi anofanira kushandisa imwe simba. Ndicho chikonzero inogona kutenderera zvakasimba "inotonhora" munguva yechando. kuti ubvise dambudziko iri, unofanirwa kushandisa yakakodzera kune imwe mota, inoshandiswa munguva yechando (ine yakaderera tembiricha viscosity, semuenzaniso, 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30). Kufunga kwakafanana kunoshandawo kana oiri ikashandiswa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura mileage yakatemwa pasina kutsiva kwakazara.

Crankshaft. Kana matambudziko akaonekwa mukushanda kweboka repiston, saka vanogona kuonekwa nehuwandu hwezvimwe shanduko mukushanda kwejini inopisa mukati. Zvingava zvakadaro, zviri nani kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yebasa yekuongorora zvirwere, sezvo kuzviongorora munyaya iyi hakugoneki nekuda kwekuti iwe uchada mimwe michina. Kusanganisira, iwe ungangofanira kupatsanura zvishoma injini yekupisa yemukati kuti uite diagnostics.

Mugumisiro

Kana iyo yekutanga isingatendeuke zvakanaka, uye kunyanya kana kuchitonhora, saka chekutanga chese iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kubhadharisa bhatiri, mhando yevanobatika vayo, materminals, mamiriro ewaya pakati pekutanga, bhatiri, ignition switch. , kunyanya teerera pasi. Kana zvinhu zvese zvakarongeka nezvinhu zvakanyorwa, saka iwe unofanirwa kubvisa mutangi kubva mumotokari uye kuita zvakadzama diagnostics. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti utarise solenoid relay, iyo brashi musangano, iyo stator uye rotor windings, mamiriro ebhushings, kunaka kwevanobatika pamhepo. Uye zvechokwadi, shandisa yakaderera viscosity mafuta munguva yechando!