Kutonhora kwakaipa kutanga
Zviri mukati
"Hazvina kutanga zvakanaka kwandiri kana kuchitonhora" - kunyunyuta kwakadaro kunogona kunzwika kubva kuvarume mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, pavanokurukura motokari. Kana motokari isingatangi zvakanaka kana kutonhora, zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro zvinogona kutsanangurwa, asi matambudziko anokonzera kuti zviitike kazhinji anenge akafanana. Zvikonzero zvekuoma kwekutanga zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini yekupisa yemukati: peturu (injector, carburetor) kana dhiziri. Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa zviitiko zvinowanzoitika zvezvinetso zvakadai se:
Zvikonzero nei zvakashata kutanga pane kutonhora
Zvakakosha kusiyanisa mamiriro ezvinhu umo matambudziko anoonekwa. Iwo makuru ndeaya:
- motokari inopisa uye yakaoma kutanga;
- haitangi zvakanaka mushure mekuderera, kana ichitonhora (kunyanya mangwanani);
- kana ikaramba kutanga muchando.
Vese vane nuances yavo uye zvikonzero izvo zvakakodzera kufunga zvakasiyana. Isu tichanzwisisa mune zvakajairika kuti ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinotungamira kune kwakashata kutanga kweinjini inotonhora yemukati. Kazhinji kutenderera kumwe chete kana maviri kweiyo starter armature shaft inokwana kutanga mota iri mumamiriro akanaka. Kana izvi zvikasashanda, unofanirwa kutsvaga chikonzero nei.
Zvikonzero zvikuru:
| zvikonzero | Carburetor | Injector | Dienjini injini |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mafuta asina kunaka | |||
| Yakashata mafuta pombi kuita | |||
| Yakavharwa mafuta firita | |||
| Mafuta asina simba | |||
| Yakaderera mafuta mwero mu carburetor | |||
| Inokanganisa mafuta mutsara wekumanikidza regulator | |||
| Mhepo inodonha | |||
| Mamiriro asina kunaka emakenduru | |||
| kutyoka kwewaya dzemagetsi akakwira kana macoil ekubatidza moto | |||
| Tsvina inoputika | |||
| Kusviba kwevhavhavhavhavha | |||
| kukundikana kwemhepo sensors | |||
| Injini tembiricha sensor glitch | |||
| Yakatyoka kana zvisizvo kuseta mavharuvhu clearances | |||
| mafuta akasarudzwa zvisizvo viscosity (yakanyanya kukora) | |||
| Bhatiri risina kusimba |
Kunewo matambudziko mashoma akajairika, asi akanyanya kukosha. Tichazvitaurawo pazasi.
Troubleshooting Tips
Pamainjini epeturu chiratidzo chekuti inotanga zvakashata uye inonamira pane inotonhora, inogona kuve kenduru. Isu tinosunungura, tarisa: mafashama - mafashama, isu tiri kutsvaga mapoinzi mberi; yakaoma - yakaonda musanganiswa, isu tinogadzirisawo sarudzo. Iyi nzira yekuongorora ichakubvumidza kuti utange kujekesa neakareruka uye zvishoma nezvishoma unosvika kune zvakanyanya kuomarara zvikonzero zvekutadza kutonhora kwekutanga kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati, uye kwete kuvatsvaga mupombi yemafuta, disassemble injector, kukwira kune yekumisikidza nguva, kuvhura. iyo cylinder block, nezvimwe.
Asi kune injini yedhiziri yekutanga mune iyo runyorwa rwekukanganisa ichave kushaya simba kushoma... Saka varidzi vemotokari dzedhiziri vanofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya. Panzvimbo yechipiri ndizvo mafuta emhando kana kusapindirana kwayo nemwaka, uye mune chechitatu - kupenya plugs.
Mazano ekutanga injini yekupisa mukati mukutonhora kwekunze
- Chengetedza tangi yakazara kuitira kuti condensation irege kuumba uye mvura isapinda mumafuta.
- Batidza danda repamusoro kwemasekonzi akati wandei usati watanga - inodzoreredza chikamu chebhatiri huwandu pamazuva echando.
- Mushure mekushandura kiyi mukiyi yekudzima (pamotokari yejekiseni), mirira masekondi mashoma kusvika zvakajairika kudzvanywa kwagadzirwa muhuturu system, uye wobva watanga injini yekupisa yemukati.
- Pombi peturu nemaoko (pane carburetor mota), asi usapfuure iyo, zvikasadaro makenduru anofashukira.
- Motokari pane gasi, hapana kana kesi iwe yaunofanirwa kutanga inotonhora, tanga kuchinjira kune peturu!
Iyo jekiseni inotanga zvisina kunaka pane kutonhora
Chinhu chekutanga chaunofanirwa kutarisisa kana mota yejekiseni isingashande nemasensa. Kukundikana kwevamwe vavo kunotungamirira kukutanga kwakaoma kwejini inopisa mukati, sezvo zviratidzo zvisiri izvo zvinotumirwa kukombiyuta unit. Kazhinji zvakaoma kutanga kutonhora nekuda kwe:
- inotonhorera tembiricha sensor, DTOZH inozivisa iyo control unit nezve mamiriro einotonhora, iyo data yechiratidzo inokanganisa kutanga kweinjini yekupisa yemukati (kusiyana nemota carburetor), kugadzirisa kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa unoshanda;
- throttle sensor;
- sensor yekushandisa mafuta;
- DMRV (kana MAP, kutora manifold pressure sensor).
Kana zvese zvakarongeka nema sensors, kutanga pane zvese unofanirwa kuterera kune anotevera node:
- Cold kutanga dambudziko rakajairika. nekuda kwemafuta ekumanikidza regulator... Zvakanaka, chokwadika, ingave injector kana carburetor, kana mota inotonhorera ikasatanga zvakanaka, kana ikatenderera, kumukira kunosvetuka, uye mushure mekudziisa zvese zvakanaka, zvinoreva kuti mamiriro emakenduru anoongororwa pasina kukundikana, uye isu tinotarisa makoiri uye BB waya ine multimeter.
- Nunura matambudziko mazhinji mabheji anokwenenzverwakana kunze kuchipisa, mota haizotanga zvakanaka painjini yekupisa yemukati, uye mumwaka unotonhora, jekiseni rinodonha rinodonha. chinokonzera kutanga kwakaoma mangwanani. Kuti uedze iyi dzidziso, zvakakwana kungosunungura kudzvinyirirwa kubva kuTS manheru, kuitira kuti pave pasina chekudonha, uye tarisa chigumisiro mangwanani.
- Hatigone kusarura dambudziko rakadai sebhanari sekudonha kwemhepo musimba remagetsi - zvinokanganisa kutanga kweinjini inotonhora. zvakare teerera kune mafuta akadururirwa mutangi, sezvo hunhu hwayo hunokanganisa zvakanyanya kutanga kweinjini yekupisa.
Pamota dzakadai seAudi 80 (ine michina injector), chekutanga tinotarisa pombi yekutanga.
Iyo carburetor haitangi zvakanaka kana kuchitonhora
Zvizhinji zvezvikonzero zvekuti inotanga zvisina kunaka pane inotonhora carburetor, kana isingatangi zvachose, inosanganiswa nekusashanda kwezvinhu zvakadaro zveiyo ignition system se: makenduru, waya dzeBB, coil kana bhatiri. Ndosaka chinhu chekutanga kuita - bvisa makenduru - kana iwo akanyorova, ipapo wemagetsi ane mhosva.
Iyo huru zvikonzero nei zvisiri kutanga chando carburetor:
- Kubatidza coil.
- Chinja.
- Trambler (kavha kana inotsvedza).
- isina kurongeka carburetor.
- Iyo diaphragm yechigadzirwa chekutanga kana diaphragm yepombi yemafuta yakanganisika.
Ehe, kana iwe ukapomba peturu usati watanga uye nekudhonza kudhonza zvakanyanya, zvino zvinotanga zvirinani. Asi, ese aya matipi akakosha kana carburetor yakanyatso gadziriswa uye hapana matambudziko nekuchinja kana makenduru.
Zano rinobva kune ane ruzivo muridzi wemotokari VAZ 2110: "Kana injini isingatangi painjini inotonhora, unofanirwa kudzvanya gasi pedal nzira yese, shandura iyo yekutanga uye usunungure pedal kumashure kana yangobata, chengeta gasi. panzvimbo imwe chete kusvikira yadziya.”
Chimbofunga zvimwe zvacho chaiwo kesipainotanga pane kutonhora:
- iyo inotangisa painotendeuka, asi isinganzwisise, zvinoreva kuti hapana kuvesa pane plugs, kana peturu haina kupihwa;
- kana ikabata, asi isingatangi - kazhinji, kuvesa kunodonhedzwa pasi kana, zvakare, peturu;
- Kana iyo yekutanga isingasviki zvachose, saka pane pamwe pane dambudziko nebhatiri.
Nei zvichinetsa kutanga inotonhora kabharetori
Kana zvese zvakajairika nemafuta, makenduru newaya, saka panogona kuve nemoto unononoka kana vharafu yekutanga mu carburetor haina kugadziriswa. Zvisinei, panogona kunge paine diaphragm yakabvaruka mune inotonhora kutanga system, uye kugadzirisa kwevhavhavha zvakare kunotaura zvakawanda.
Kutsvaga nekukurumidza kwechikonzero chekutadza kutanga kwechando ICE ine carburetor power system nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kutarisa kutanga: spark plugs, high-voltage waya, carburetor starter, idle jet, uye ipapo chete woongorora mabreaker contacts, nguva yekudzima, kushanda kwepombi yemafuta uye mamiriro evacuum booster tubes.
Zvakaoma kutanga padhiziri inotonhora
Sezvaunoziva, kutanga injini yedhiziri kunoitika nekuda kwekushisa uye kudzvinyirira, saka, kana pasina matambudziko mukushanda kwebhatiri uye kutanga, panogona kuva ne3 nzira huru dzekuwana chikonzero nei injini yedhiziri isingatangi zvakanaka. mangwanani pane inotonhora:
- Kutsikirira kusina kukwana.
- Hapana spark plug.
- Kushaikwa kana mafuta ekufambisa akatyoka.
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei dizeli isingatangi pane inotonhora, kureva, kutanga kwakashata kweinjini yedhiziri kazhinji - kuipa kwakaipa. Kana iyo isingatangi mangwanani, asi inobata kubva kune pusher, uye ipapo kune utsi hwebhuruu kune imwe nguva, zvino iyi 90% yakaderera kudzvinyirira.
ICE compression cheki
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Mhosva yakaenzana ndeye apo muridzi wemotokari ine injini yedhiziri haakwanise kutanga injini inotonhora, asi inopisa inotanga pasina matambudziko - kana. hapana spark plugs. Vanopisa mafuta edhiziri kusvikira injini yedhiziri yasvika tembiricha yayo yekushandisa.
sarudzo, Sei makenduru asingashande?pamwe matatu:
- makenduru pachawo ane mhosva;
- Ndiyo spark plug relay. Kushanda kwayo kunodzorwa neinotonhorera tembiricha sensor. Munguva yekushanda kwakajairika, iyo relay inoita kudzvanya kwakanyarara kana kiyi ichitenderedzwa mukupisa isati yatanga, uye kana ikasanzwika, saka zvakakodzera kuiwana mubhuroko uye kuitarisa;
- oxidation yeinopenya plug yekubatanidza. Izvo hazvina kukodzera kutsanangura pano kuti maokisi anokanganisa sei kubata.
3 nzira dzekutarisa kupenya plugs
Kuti utarise dhiziri spark plugs, unogona kusarudza nzira dzakawanda:
- kuyera kushorwa kwavo (pane kenduru isina kuvharwa) kana dunhu rakavhurika mumhepo yekudziya ine multimeter (inotariswa mu tweeter mode, zvese zvakaputirwa mukati meinjini yekupisa uye kuisunungura);
- tarisa kumhanya uye dhigirii reincandescence pabhatiri nekuibatanidza pasi uye pakati pe electrode ine waya;
- pasina kusunungura kubva mukati meinjini yekupisa, batanidza waya yepakati kune yakanaka terminal yebhatiri kuburikidza ne12 volt girobhu.
Kana makenduru ari kushanda, uye akanyatsosimbiswa kana kupisa kwaitwa, saka pane dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kutarisa mavharuvhu. Nokufamba kwenguva, ivo vanorasika, uye pane inotonhora mukati memoto injini havavhare zvachose, uye kana iwe ukaitanga nekuidziya, ivo vanovhara uye injini inotanga kutanga zvakajairika kana ichipisa.
Majekiseni edhiziri akatadza, semugumisiro wekupfeka uye kubvaruka kana kusvibiswa (sarufa nezvimwe zvitsvina), chinhu chakakosha zvakaenzana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, majekiseni anokanda mafuta akawanda mumutsara wekudzoka (unoda kuita bvunzo) kana tsvina yemafuta.
Kuvhiringwa kwemafuta zvakanyanya kuoma kutanga injini yekupisa yemukati. Saka, kana injini yedhiziri yakamira kutanga mangwanani, pasinei nekupisa kwekunze, mafuta edizeli anosiya (vhavha haibati pamutsara wekudzoka), kana kuti inosveta mhepo, zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvishoma! Mhepo inopinda mugadziriro yemafuta inogona kukonzera kuti injini yedhiziri itange zvisina kunaka uye kumira.
mafuta kunze kwemwaka kana netsvina yebato rechitatu. Kana kunze kuchitonhora uye injini yedhiziri isingatangi kana kumira pakarepo mushure mekutanga, ipapo dambudziko rinogona kunge riri mumafuta. DT inoda shanduko yemwaka kuenda ku "zhizha", "chando" uye kunyangwe "arctic" (kunzvimbo dzinotonhora) mafuta edhiziri. Diesel haitangi muchando nekuti mafuta edhiziri yezhizha asina kugadzirira muchitonhora anoshanduka kuita parafini gel mutangi remafuta uye mitsara yemafuta, inokora uye inovhara sefa yemafuta.
Muchiitiko ichi, kutanga injini yedhiziri inobatsirwa nekupisa hurongwa hwemafuta uye kutsiva firiji yemafuta. Mvura yakaomeswa nechando pane sefa inouyisa kuoma kudiki. Kuti udzivise kuunganidzwa kwemvura muhurongwa hwemafuta, unogona kudururira doro shoma mutangi kana chimwe chinowedzera mumafuta edhiziri anonzi dehydrator.
Mazano evaridzi vemota dzedhiziri:
- Kana, mushure mekudururira mvura inopisa pamusoro pesefa yemafuta, mota inotanga uye inomhanya zvakajairika, iri zhizha mafuta edhiziri.
- Kana pane kudzvinyirira kwakaderera munjanji yemafuta, iyo nozzles ingangodaro ichidurura, haivharidzi (kushanda kunotariswa pachigadziko chakakosha).
- Kana iyo bvunzo yakaratidza kuti nozzles inodururwa mumutsara wekudzoka, saka tsono mu sprayer haina kuvhurika (inofanirwa kuishandura).
10 Zvikonzero Nei Diesel Injini Dzisingatangi Kutonhora
Kana injini yedhiziri isingatangi zvakanaka pane inotonhora, zvikonzero zvinogona kuunganidzwa mune imwechete runyorwa rwegumi mapoinzi:
- kutanga kana kutadza kwebhatiri.
- Kutsikirira kusina kukwana.
- jekiseni/nozzle kukundikana.
- nguva yejekiseni yakaiswa zvisizvo, kunze kwekuenderana nekushanda kwepombi yepamusoro-yekumanikidza mafuta (nguva bhandi rakasvetuka nezino rimwe).
- Mhepo mumafuta.
- valve clearance yaiswa zvisirizvo.
- kuparara kwe preheating system.
- Kuwedzera kupikisa muhurongwa hwekugovera mafuta.
- Kuwedzera kushorwa mune exhaust system.
- Kukundikana kwemukati kwepombi yejekiseni.
Ndinovimba kuti zvese zviri pamusoro zvichakubatsira, uye kana zvikasagadzirisa dambudziko nekutanga kutonhora kwemukati injini yekupisa, saka zvirinani ichakutungamira nzira yekuibvisa wega kana nerubatsiro rwe nyanzvi.
