Battery Density

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri ndiyo inonyanya kukosha parameter kune ese mabhatiri easidhi, uye chero munhu anofarira mota anofanira kuziva: chii chinofanirwa kunge chiri density, maitiro ekuiongorora, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, nzira yekusimudza nemazvo kuwanda kwebhatiri (chaizvo. giravhiti yeasidhi) mugaba rimwe nerimwe rine mahwendefa emutobvu akazadzwa neH2SO4 solution.

Kuongorora density ndeimwe yemapoinzi mukugadzirisa bhatiri, iyo inosanganisirawo kutarisa chiyero che electrolyte uye kuyera bhatiri voltage. mumabhatiri emutobvu density inopimwa neg/cm3. Ari zvakaenzana nekusangana kwemhindurouye zvinopesana nekushisa zvinwiwa (akakwira tembiricha, yakaderera density).

Nehuwandu hwe electrolyte, unogona kuona mamiriro ebhatiri. Kuti kana bhatiri risina chaji, ipapo unofanira kutarisa mamiriro emvura yayo mumabhanga ose.

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte kunokanganisa kugona kwebhatiri uye hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi.  

Inotariswa nedensimeter (hydrometer) patembiricha ye +25°C. Kana kutonhora kuchisiyana nezvinodiwa, kuverenga kunogadziriswa sezvinoratidzwa mutafura.

Saka, takafunga zvishoma kuti chii, uye chii chinoda kuongororwa nguva nenguva. Uye ndedzipi nhamba dzekutarisa pazviri, ingani yakanaka uye yakawanda sei yakaipa, chii chinofanira kunge chiri density yebhatiri electrolyte?

Ndeipi density inofanira kunge iri mubhatiri

Kuchengetedza iyo yakakwana electrolyte density kwakakosha zvakanyanya kubhatiri uye zvakakosha kuziva kuti hunhu hunodiwa hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Nokudaro, kuwanda kwebheteri kunofanira kuiswa zvichienderana nekubatanidzwa kwezvinodiwa uye mamiriro ekushanda. Semuyenzaniso, mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, kuwanda kwe electrolyte inofanira kunge iri pamwero 1,25-1,27 g / cm3 ±0,01 g/cm3. Munzvimbo inotonhora, nechando ichidzika kusvika -30 madhigirii, 0,01 g / cm3 zvimwe, uye munzvimbo inopisa yepasi pevhu - ne 0,01 g/cm3 zvishoma. Mumatunhu iwayo uko chando chakanyanya kuoma (kusvika -50 ° C), kuitira kuti bhatiri irege kuoma, unofanirwa kuwedzera density kubva 1,27 kusvika 1,29 g/cm3.

Varidzi vemotokari vazhinji vari kushamisika kuti: "Chii chinofanira kunge chiri kusimba kwe electrolyte mubhatiri munguva yechando, uye chii chinofanira kunge chiri muzhizha, kana kuti hapana mutsauko, uye zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa pamwero wakafanana gore rose?" Naizvozvo, isu tichabata nenyaya yacho zvakadzama, uye ichabatsira kuiburitsa, bhatiri electrolyte density tafura yakakamurwa kuva nharaunda dzemamiriro ekunze.

Pfungwa yekuziva - iyo yakaderera density ye electrolyte mubhatiri rakazara chaji, the zvichagara kwenguva refu.

iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti, kazhinji, bhatiri, kuve nemotokari, inopomerwa kwete kupfuura 80-90% simba rayo rezita, saka kuwanda kwe electrolyte kunenge kwakadzikira pane kana yazara. Saka, kukosha kunodiwa kunosarudzwa zvishoma, kubva kune iyo inoratidzwa mutafura ye density, kuitira kuti kana kutonhora kwemhepo kunodonha kusvika pakukwirira kwepamusoro, bhatiri inovimbiswa kuramba ichishanda uye kwete kutonhora munguva yechando. Asi, maererano nemwaka wezhizha, kuwedzera kuwanda kunogona kutyisidzira kufashaira.

Kuwanda kwemagetsi e electrolyte kunotungamirira kukudzikira kwehupenyu hwebhatiri. Iyo yakaderera density ye electrolyte mubhatiri inotungamirira kukudzikira kwemagetsi, zvichiita kuti zviome kutanga injini yekupisa mukati.

Battery electrolyte density table

Iyo density tafura inounganidzwa maererano neavhareji tembiricha yemwedzi mumwedzi waNdira, kuitira kuti nzvimbo dzekunze dzine mhepo inotonhora inodzika kusvika -30 ° C uye dzine mwero uye tembiricha isingadzikire kupfuura -15 haidi kuderera kana kuwedzera kweasidhi. . Gore rose (chando uye zhizha) kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri hakufanirwe kuchinjwa, asi chete tarisa uye ita shuwa kuti haibvi pamutengo wezita, asi munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvikuru, apo thermometer inowanzova pasi -30 degrees (munyama kusvika -50), kugadziriswa kunobvumirwa.

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri munguva yechando

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri munguva yechando kunofanira kuva 1,27 (kumatunhu ane tembiricha yechando iri pasi -35, kwete pasi pe1.28 g/cm3). Kana kukosha kwakaderera, zvino izvi zvinotungamirira kuderera kwesimba re electromotive uye kuoma kutanga kwejini inopisa mukati mumhepo inotonhora, kusvika kuchando che electrolyte.

Kuderedza density kusvika 1,09 g/cm3 kunoita kuti bhatiri rive nechando patembiricha ye -7°C.

Kana kuwanda kwebhatiri kwakadzikiswa munguva yechando, haufanirwe kumhanya nekukurumidza kuti ugadzirise mhinduro kuti usimudze, zviri nani kutarisira chimwe chinhu - bhatiri remhando yepamusoro uchishandisa charger.

Nzendo dzehafu yeawa kubva kumba kuenda kubasa uye kudzoka hazvibvumiri electrolyte kudziya, uye, saka, ichave yakachajiswa zvakanaka, nekuti bhatiri rinotora mhosva chete mushure mekudziya. Saka iyo rarefaction inowedzera zuva nezuva, uye semhedzisiro, density zvakare inoderera.

Izvo zvakanyanya zvisingafadzi kuita yakazvimirira manipulations ne electrolyte; chete kugadziriswa kweyero nemvura yakasvibiswa inobvumirwa (yemotokari - 1,5 cm pamusoro pemahwendefa, uye kumarori kusvika 3 cm).

Kune bhatiri idzva uye rinoshanda, nguva yakajairika yekushandura density ye electrolyte (kubuda kwakazara - yakazara charge) i 0,15-0,16 g / cm³.

Rangarira kuti kushanda kwebhatiri rakaraswa patembiricha yepasi-zero kunotungamirira kukutonhora kweelectrolyte uye kuparadzwa kwemaplate emutobvu!

Zvinoenderana netafura yekutsamira kwenzvimbo yechando ye electrolyte pane density yayo, unogona kuona minus buri reiyo thermometer column apo ice inoumba mubhatiri rako.

g/cm³	1,10	1,11	1,12	1,13	1,14	1,15	1,16	1,17	1,18	1,19	1,20	1,21	1,22	1,23	1,24	1,25	1,28
° С	-8	-9	-10	-12	-14	-16	-18	-20	-22	-25	-28	-34	-40	-45	-50	-54	-74

Sezvauri kuona, kana yakachajwa kusvika ku100%, bhatiri rinotonhora pa -70 °C. Pa 40% kuchaja, inotonhora yatova -25 ° C. 10% haingoite kuti zvisaite kutanga injini yekupisa mukati mezuva rechando, asi ichanyatso chando mu 10 degree frost.

Kana kuwanda kwe electrolyte kusingazivikanwe, chiyero chekubuda kwebhatiri chinotariswa neplug inotakura. Musiyano wemagetsi mumasero ebhatiri rimwe haufanire kudarika 0,2V.

Kuverenga kweiyo load plug voltmeter, B	Dhigirii rekuburitsa bhatiri,%
1,8-1,7	0
1,7-1,6	25
1,6-1,5	50
1,5-1,4	75
1,4-1,3	100

Kana bhatiri richibudiswa neanopfuura 50% munguva yechando uye kupfuura 25% muzhizha, inofanira kubhadharwa.

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri muzhizha

Muzhizha, bhatiri rinotambura nekushaya mvura., saka, zvichipiwa kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu kune kukanganisa kwakashata pamahwendefa emutobvu, zviri nani kana zvakadaro 0,02 g/cm³ pasi pemutengo unodiwa (kunyanya kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba).

Muzhizha, kutonhora pasi pehodhi, uko bhatiri inowanzowanikwa, inowedzera zvakanyanya. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anobatsira pakubuda kwemvura kubva muasidhi uye kuita kwemaitiro e electrochemical mubhatiri, zvichipa kubuda kwepamusoro ikozvino kunyangwe padiki inotenderwa electrolyte density (1,22 g/cm3 kune inodziya inodziya mamiriro ekunze). Kuti, apo chiyero che electrolyte chinodonha zvishoma nezvishoma, ipapo kuwanda kwayo kunowedzera, iyo inokurumidzira maitiro ekuora kwekuparadzwa kwe electrode. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kudzora chiyero chemvura mubhatiri uye, kana ichidonha, wedzera mvura yakasvibiswa, uye kana izvi zvikasaitwa, ipapo kuwedzera uye sulfation inotyisidzira.

Stably overestimated electrolyte density inotungamira mukudzikira kwehupenyu hwebhatiri.

Kana bhatiri richibviswa nekuda kwekusateerera kwemutyairi kana zvimwe zvikonzero, unofanirwa kuedza kuidzosera kumamiriro ayo ekushanda uchishandisa charger. Asi vasati vachaja bhatiri, vanotarisa padanho uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kumusoro nemvura yakasvibiswa, iyo inogona kubuda panguva yekushanda.

Mushure menguva yakati, kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri, nekuda kwekugara kwayo dilution ne distillate, inoderera uye inowira pasi pemutengo unodiwa. Ipapo kushanda kwebhatiri kunova kusingabviri, saka zvinova zvakafanira kuwedzera density ye electrolyte mubhatiri. Asi kuti uwane kuti ingani yekuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ungatarisa sei iyi density.

Maitiro ekutarisa bhatiri density

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda chaiko kwebhatiri, electrolyte arambe achirema ndinofanira tarisa ose 15-20 zviuru km run. Kuyera kwehuremu mubhatiri kunoitwa uchishandisa mudziyo wakaita se densimeter. Chigadzirwa chechigadzirwa ichi chinosanganisira chubhu yegirazi, mukati mayo mune hydrometer, uye pamagumo kune rubber tip kune rumwe rutivi uye pear kune imwe. kuitira kuti utarise, iwe uchada: vhura cork yebhatiri inogona, inyudze mumhinduro, uye dhirowa mune shoma shoma ye electrolyte ne pear. Hydrometer inoyangarara ine chiyero inoratidza ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa. Isu tichaongorora zvakadzama maitiro ekutarisa nemazvo kuwanda kwebhatiri zvishoma kuderera, sezvo kune zvakare mhando yebhatiri seyekuchengetedza-isina, uye maitiro acho akasiyana mavari - hauzodi zvachose chero zvishandiso.

Kubuda kwebhatiri kunotarirwa nehuwandu hwe electrolyte - iyo yakaderera density, iyo inowedzera kubuda bhatiri.

Density chiratidzo pabhatiri rekuchengetedza-isina

Kuwanda kwebhatiri rekuchengetedza-isina kuratidzwa nechiratidzo chemavara muhwindo rinokosha. Green indicator anopupura izvozvo Zvese zvakanaka (dhigirii remutero mukati me65 - 100%) kana density yadonha uye recharging inodiwa, ipapo chiratidzo chichaita rima. Apo hwindo rinoratidza girobhu jena kana dzvuku, ipapo unoda kukurumidza kuwedzera nemvura yakasvibiswa. Asi, nenzira, iyo chaiyo ruzivo pamusoro pezvinoreva rumwe ruvara muhwindo iri pane bhatiri sticker.

Iye zvino isu tinoenderera mberi nekunzwisisa kuti tingatarise sei kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte yeyakajairika acid bhatiri kumba.

Kuongorora kuwanda kwe electrolyte, kuitira kuti uone kudiwa kwekugadzirisa kwayo, kunoitwa chete nebhatiri rakazara.

Kutarisa kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri

Saka, kuti tikwanise kunyatsoongorora kuwanda kwe electrolyte mubhatiri, kutanga pane zvese tinoongorora chiyero uye, kana zvichidikanwa, gadzirisa. Ipapo tinochaja bhatiri uye tozoenderera mberi kubvunzo, asi kwete nekukurumidza, asi mushure memaawa akati wandei ekuzorora, sezvo nekukurumidza mushure mekuchaja kana kuwedzera mvura pachave nedata risiri chairo.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti density zvakananga zvinoenderana nemhepo tembiricha, saka tarisa kune yekururamisa tafura inokurukurwa pamusoro. Watora mvura kubva mubhatiri, bata mudziyo pachiyero cheziso - iyo hydrometer inofanirwa kunge yazorora, ichiyangarara mumvura, isina kubata madziro. Kuyera kunoitwa muchikamu chimwe nechimwe, uye zviratidzo zvese zvinorekodhwa.

Tafura yekutaridza kuchaji kwebhatiri ne electrolyte density.

Температура	Kutengesa
	pa100%	pa70%	Discharged
pamusoro +25	1,21 - 1,23	1,17 - 1,19	1,05 - 1,07
pasi +25	1,27 - 1,29	1,23 - 1,25	1,11 - 1,13

Kuwanda kwe electrolyte kunofanira kufanana mumasero ose.

Density maringe nevoltage zvichienderana nekuchaja

Kunyanya kuderedzwa density mune imwe yemasero kunoratidza kuvapo kwekukanganisa mairi (kureva, pfupi pfupi pakati pemahwendefa). Asi kana yakaderera mumasero ose, zvino izvi zvinoratidza kubuda kwakadzika, sulfation, kana kungopera. Kutarisa density, yakasanganiswa nekuyera voltage iri pasi pemutoro uye pasina, inozoona chikonzero chaicho chekuparara.

Kana yakakwira zvakanyanya kwauri, saka haufanirwe kufara kuti bhatiri yakarongeka kana, inogona kunge yakabikwa, uye panguva ye electrolysis, kana iyo electrolyte inovira, kuwanda kwebhatiri kunowedzera.

Paunenge uchida kutarisa kuwanda kwe electrolyte kuitira kuti uone chiyero chekuchaja kwebhatiri, unogona kuita izvi pasina kubvisa bhatiri kubva pasi pehodhi yemotokari; iwe uchada iyo mudziyo pachayo, multimeter (yekuyeresa voltage) uye tafura yechiyero chekuyera data.

Kubhadharisa muzana	Electrolyte density g/cm³ (**)	Bhatiri voltage V (***)
100%	1,28	12,7
80%	1,245	12,5
60%	1,21	12,3
40%	1,175	12,1
20%	1,14	11,9
0%	1,10	11,7

**Musiyano wesero haufanire kunge uri pamusoro pe0,02–0,03 g/cm³. ***Kukosha kwevoltage inoshanda kumabhatiri anga azorora kweanenge maawa masere.

Kana zvichidikanwa, density kugadziriswa kunoitwa. Izvo zvichave zvakakodzera kusarudza imwe vhoriyamu ye electrolyte kubva mubhatiri uye kuwedzera kugadzirisa (1,4 g / cm3) kana mvura yakanyungudutswa, ichiteverwa nemaminitsi makumi matatu ekuchaja neyakayerwa ikozvino uye kuratidzwa kwemaawa akati wandei kuenzanisa density mumakamuri ese. Naizvozvo, isu tichazotaura nezve nzira yekusimudza kwayo density mubhatiri.

Usakanganwa kuti kutarisirwa kwakanyanya kunodiwa pakubata electrolyte, sezvo ine sulfuric acid.

Maitiro ekuwedzera density mubhatiri

Izvo zvinodikanwa kusimudza density pazvaive zvakafanira kudzokorodza gadziriso nhanho ne distillate kana kuti haina kukwana kuti yechando ishande yebhatiri, uyezve mushure mekudzokorora kwenguva refu recharge. Chiratidzo chekudiwa kwemaitiro akadaro kuchava kuderedzwa kwechaji / kubuda kwepakati. Pamusoro pekuchaja bhatiri nemazvo uye zvizere, kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuwedzera density:

• wedzera imwe yakanyanyisa electrolyte (iyo inonzi inogadzirisa);
• wedzera asidhi.

Maitiro ekutarisa nemazvo uye kuwedzera density mubhatiri.

Kuti uwedzere uye ugadzirise density ye electrolyte mubhatiri, iwe uchada:

1) hydrometer;

2) mukombe wekuyeresa;

3) mudziyo we dilution ye electrolyte itsva;

4) pear enema;

5) kugadzirisa electrolyte kana asidhi;

6) mvura yakasvibiswa.

Essence of the process ndeiyi inotevera:

1. Chikamu chidiki che electrolyte chinotorwa kubva kubhatiri bhangi.
2. Panzvimbo yehuwandu hwakafanana, tinowedzera kugadzirisa electrolyte, kana zvakakosha kuwedzera kuwanda, kana mvura yakasvibiswa (ine density ye 1,00 g / cm3), kana, pane zvinopesana, kuderera kwayo kunodiwa;
3. ipapo bhatiri rinofanira kuiswa pa recharging, kuitira kuti ribhadhare neyakarongerwa ikozvino kwehafu yeawa - izvi zvinobvumira mvura kusanganiswa;
4. Kana wabvisa bhatiri kubva pachishandiso, zvichave zvakare zvakafanira kumirira ingangoita awa / maviri, kuitira kuti density mumabhangi ese abude, tembiricha inodonha uye ese gasi bubbles abude kuitira kubvisa kukanganisa mukutonga. kuyerwa;
5. Ongorora zvakare kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte uye, kana zvichidikanwa, dzokorora maitiro ekusarudza nekuwedzera mvura inodiwa (uyewo kuwedzera kana kuderera), kuderedza danho rekudzikisa, uye wozoiyera zvakare.

Musiyano we electrolyte density pakati pemabhangi haifanire kudarika 0,01 g/cm³. Kana mhedzisiro yakadaro isingakwanisi kuwanikwa, zvinodikanwa kuita kuwedzera, kuenzana kuchaja (ikozvino ndeye 2-3 nguva shoma pane yezita).

kuti unzwisise kuti ungawedzera sei kuwanda mubhatiri, kana zvimwe zvinopesana - iwe unoda kuderera mune yakanyatsoyerwa bhatiri compartment, zvinodikanwa kuziva kuti chii chinonzi vhoriyamu mairi mu cubic centimita. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwe electrolyte mune rimwe bhangi remuchina bhatiri re55 Ah, 6ST-55 i633 cm3, uye 6ST-45 i500 cm3. Chiyero chekuumbwa kwe electrolyte kunenge kunotevera: sulfuric acid (40%); mvura yakasvibiswa (60%). Tafura iri pazasi ichakubatsira iwe kuzadzisa inodiwa electrolyte density mubhatiri:

electrolyte density formula

Ndapota cherechedza kuti tafura iyi inopa kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa electrolyte ine density ye 1,40 g / cm³ chete, uye kana mvura yacho iri yehumwe hukuru, ipapo imwe fomula yekuwedzera inofanira kushandiswa.

Kune avo vanowana maverengero akadaro akaomarara, zvese zvinogona kuitwa zviri nyore nekushandisa iyo yegoridhe chikamu nzira:

Isu tinopomba yakawanda yemvura kubva mubhatiri inogona uye tinoidurura mukapu yekuyeresa kuitira kuti tiwane vhoriyamu, tobva tawedzera hafu iyo huwandu hwe electrolyte, zunza kuti usanganise. Kana iwewo uri kure nekukosha kunodiwa, wobva wawedzerawo chikamu chechina cheyakambopombwa vhoriyamu ne electrolyte. Saka inofanira kuiswa kumusoro, nguva imwe neimwe ichibvisa hafu, kusvikira chinangwa chasvika.

Tinokurudzira kuti utore matanho ese ekuzvidzivirira. Iyo acidic nharaunda inokuvadza kwete chete kana yasvika pakubata neganda, asiwo mune yekufema turakiti. Iyo nzira ne electrolyte inofanirwa kuitirwa chete mumakamuri anofefeterwa zvakanaka nekunyatsotarisirwa.

Maitiro ekusimudza density mune accumulator kana yakadonha pazasi 1.18

Kana huwandu hwe electrolyte huri pasi pe 1,18 g / cm3, hatigoni kuita ne electrolyte imwe, tichafanira kuwedzera asidi (1,8 g / cm3). Iyo nzira inoitwa zvinoenderana nechirongwa chimwechete senge pakuwedzera electrolyte, isu chete tinotora danho diki rekudzikisa, sezvo density yakakwira zvakanyanya uye iwe unogona kusvetuka yaunoda mucherechedzo kubva pakatanga dilution.

Paunenge uchigadzirira zvose zvinogadziriswa, dururira asidi mumvura, uye kwete zvakasiyana.

Kana iyo electrolyte yakawana brown (brown) ruvara, saka haichazopona mazaya echando, sezvo ichi chiratidzo chekutadza zvishoma nezvishoma kwebhatiri. Mumvuri wakasviba unoshanduka kuita mutema kazhinji unoratidza kuti huwandu hunoshanda hwakabatanidzwa mukuita kwe electrochemical hwakadonha kubva pamahwendefa ndokupinda mune mhinduro. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo yepamusoro yemahwendefa yakadzikira - hazvibviri kudzorera density yekutanga ye electrolyte panguva yekuchaja. Bhatiri iri nyore kuchinja.

Ivhareji yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemabhatiri emazuva ano, zvichienderana nemitemo yekushanda (kudzivirira kubudiswa kwakadzika uye kuwedzera, kusanganisira kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwemagetsi emagetsi), makore 4-5. Saka hazvina musoro kuita manipulations, senge: kuchera kesi, kuishandura kuti ibvise mvura yese uye kuitsiva zvachose - iyi yakakwana "mutambo" - kana mahwendefa akadonha, saka hapana chinogona kuitwa. Ramba uine ziso pamhosva, tarisa kuwanda munguva, chengetedza zvakanaka bhatiri yemotokari uye iwe uchapiwa mitsetse yakawanda yebasa rayo.